计算机专业英语教程阅读(2).doc

计算机专业英语教程阅读

(2)

Software

refers

to

computer

programs.

Programs

are

the

instructions that tell the computerhow to process data into the form

you

want.

There

are

two

kinds

of

software:

system

softwareand

application software.

软件指的是计算机程序。程序是告诉计 算机如何将数据处

理成你想要的形式的指令。有两种软件：系统软件和应用软件。

System

software

is

a

collection

of

programs

that

enables

application software to run on acomputer system s hardware devices,

it

is

background

software

and

includes

programs

that

helpthe

computer manage its own internal resources.

系统软件是指能让应用软件在计算机 系统硬件设备上运行

的程序的集合，

它是后台软件并且包括帮助 计算机管理自己内部

资源的程序。

Application

software

is

a

specialized

programs

that

enables

the user to accomplish specifictasks.

应用软件是让用户能够完成特定任务的专门程序。

In

this

text,

we

mainly

discuss

system

software

consists

of

four

kinds

ofprograms:

bootstrap

loader,

diagnostic routines, basic input-output system, and operatingsystem.

Among these four parts, the operating system is we most concerned

with,

whith

helpsmanage

computer

resources.

Most

important

operating

systems

are:

Windows,

Windows

NT,OS/2,

Macintosh,

and Unix.

在这一节中，我们主要讨论系统软件。系统软件由四种程

序组成：引导装入程序、诊断例程、基本输入输出系统和操作系

统。 在这四种当中，操作系统是我们最为关心的，它帮助管理计

算机资源。最重要的操作系统 有

Windows

、

Windows NT

、

OS/2

、

Macintosh

和

Unix

。

Windows Windows gets its name because of its ability to run

multiple

applications

at

thesame

time,

each

in

its

own

window.

Windows offers graphical user interface (GUI), presents theuser with

graphic

images

of

computer

functions

and

data.

It

provides

a

standard

mechanismfor

copying

or

moving

information

from

one

program

to

another.

This

mechanism,

called

theClipboard,

means

that

information

created

in

one

context

is

instantly

reusable

in

another, youdon t need to reenter information or work with clumsy

data-transfer

utilities.

Windows

alsohas

DDE

(dynamic

data

exchange)

and

OLE

(object

linking

and

embedding)

functions.

In

DDEtwo or more applications can be linked. This way, data created

in one application isautomatically entered into the others. OLE, like

DDE, links data between onally, OLE allows the

application

receiving

the

data

to

directly

access

the

applicationthat

created the data.

Windows

之所以称为窗口是因为它具有能同时运行多个应

用程序的能力，

并且每一个程序有其自己的窗口。

Wind ows

提供

图形用户界面，

给用户提供 计算机的功能和数据的图像。

它提供

标准的机制用于将信息从一 个程序拷贝或移动到另一个程序。

这

个机制被称为剪贴板，

意味着在一个文本中产生的信息可以被另

外一个文本立即重新使用，

而用户不需要重新输入信息或使用繁

琐的数据传送实用程序。< /p>

Windows

还具有

DDE(