2015年闵行区高三英语二模卷试题及答案

) is likely to __49__ that all students are equipped with

roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, it

may also __50__ the testing of different ideas. ―When they make mistakes, they make

big one

s,‖ says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American universities.

―They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.‖

III. Reading comprehension:

Apes and humans beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The

evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that

there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of __51__ by

individuals.

One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was

over the ___52___ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired

object---food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others--- was sufficient reason

to __53___ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over female

s. thirty females were

killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.

In the first place, the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in

the __54__ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and

females are killed.

In the second place it is observable, that __55__ occurs when an object is

desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and

other objects which had been thrown away as useless were __56___ defended by their

owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.

Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to

__57__ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be

laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting

to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the __58__ species. Monkeys do

not mind being __59__ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are

introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often __60__ . But

when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs.

This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally

possessiveness. The ___61__ of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the

group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.

Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or

failure in their own ___62__ .A child will be stopped either by __63__ causes such as

bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat

or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be __64__ because of the opposition of

some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by __65___, through lack of skill or

strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the

ordinary sense become ―naughty‖. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.

51. A. fulfillment

B. excitement

C. isolation

D.

aggressiveness

52. A. usage

collection

53. A. turn to

into

54. A. moderate

temporary

55. A. conflict

56. A. reluctantly

peacefully

57.A. ignore

D. hate

58. A. similar

reliable

59. A. observed

spoiled

60. A. offensive

welcomed

61. A. strength

62. A. knowledge

personality

63. A. natural

academic

64. A. enhanced

prevented

B. possession

B. drive away

B. subtle

B. negotiation

B. violently

B. accept

B. modest

B. protected

B. considerate

B. attitude

B. activity

B. physical

B. operated

C. value

C. come over

C. complete

C. agreement

C. unwillingly

C. prove

C. strong

C. joined

C. generous

C. competition

C. study

C. financial

C. extended

D.

D. make

D.

D. donation

D.

D.

D.

D.

D. emotion

D.

D.

D.

65. A. learning

refusingSection B

B. falling

C. imitating

D.

A.

Around the world coral reefs(

珊瑚礁

) are facing threats brought by climate

change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the

primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten

corals. A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as

cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the

short term, but heat is more destructive in the long run.

Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans,

but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. I 2010,

for example, coral reefs around the world faced one of the coldest winters and one of the

hottest summers on record.

During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater

damage in just days compared with the heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found

that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable

and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered

more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage,

which leads to death.

The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who

say the study’s results show the complexities of monitoring coral health in response to

different environmental factors.

―Global warming is associated wit

h increases but also decreases of

temperatures,‖ said Deheyn, one of the researchers. ―Not much has been known about

the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important

because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is

important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.‖

66. According to the first paragraph, we know that ____________.

A. different corals suffer differently by climate change.

B. both heat and cold stress affect corals.

C. cool temperature is more destructive to corals.

D. it’s hard to know the effect of climate change on corals.

67. The phrase ―subjected to‖(in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to‖_______‖.

A. referred to

B. adjusted to

C. exposed to

D. stuck to

68. By ―Not much has been known about…‖ Deheyn probably means that ______.

A. we know very little about the effects of temperature decrease on corals

B. temperature decrease is not expected to have a bad effect on corals

C. it makes no sense to study the effects of temperature decrease on corals

D. corals may not have been affected by the decrease in temperature.

69. What is the passage mainly about?

A. measures should be taken to control global warming.

B. Climate change has resulted in more cold currents.

C. Heat is responsible for the destruction of corals.

D. Heat can cold damage corals in their own ways.

B.

Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed

tools and devices will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand

positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows (

肘部

) next to the body to

prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.

Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides,

and workers use:

●power tools rather than having t use muscle power.

●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight (See Figure I).

This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they

were hanging relaxed at a person’s side

●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having

a selection of sizes--- remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a

person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This

is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed

for men.

●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and

whose handles do

not have sharp edges or a small surface area.