医药英语词汇-词根词缀

-ary

pulmonary

pertaining

lung

to

?

scopy= scop + y

?

stomy=stom + y

?

uria=ur + ia

?

emia = em + ia

Gastrorrhagia

Diarrhea

Electrocardiograph

Electrocardiogram

Melanocyte

Hemoglobin

Erythroblast

Leukoblast

Blastocyte

Dermat/o/pathy

hemophilia

Poliomyelitis

hemiplegia

haplo- =one

Amphi-, ampho- = double, both

?

primary carbon atom: one carbon neighbor

?

secondary carbon atom: two carbon neighbors

?

tertiary carbon atom: three carbon neighbors

?

quaternary carbon atom: four carbon neighbors

Pentagastrin

Sympathetic

aluminum

calcium

magnesium

argentum

hepat / itis

aseptic

antidote

deoxidation

oligo/saccharide

ab/articulation

transfusion

ana/bolism

cata/bolism

pan/acea

eu/karyo/cyte

dys/bolism

?

coron/o: coronary

coronary heart disease

gastroenteritis

common colds

The Vascular System

capillaries

angio/tensin

vasoconstriction

?

Vas/o: blood vessel

Vasodilation

smooth

muscle

平滑肌

angiotensin

arterio/stenosis

?

ven/o, phleb/o: vein

phlebitis

capillar/ectasia

capillary angi/oma

?

hem/o, hemat/o, em =

blood

hematocyto/penia

an/em/ia

hemo/globin

hapten

Antigen determinant

抗原决定簇

plasma cells

immunoglobulins

?

phag/o: swallow

phagocyte

bacteriophage

AIDS= acquired immune deficiency syndrome

cytoplasm

neoplasma : tumor

saccharide and nucleic acid

Triose, Tetrose, Pentose, Hexose, Heptose, Octose,

Nonose, Decose,

Oligosaccharide:

lactose

sucrose

Glyco/gen

根据

function

Structural polysaccharides :cellulose

Storage polysaccharides

；

glycogen

根据

component

Homopolysaccharide:

Heteropolysaccharide:

Proteins are macromolecules made of

amino acids

and joined together by

peptide bonds

between the

carboxyl

and amino groups of adjacent amino acid

residues.

Each amino acid contains:

(1)

Carboxyl group (-COOH-)

(2)

Amino group (-NH2)

(3)

Side chain (R) unique to each amino acid

/catalysis

lic regulation

代谢调节

l protection

免疫保护

ortation

运输

ural or mechanical functions

Zymogen

or

proenzyme

is

an

active

enzyme

precursor.

Pepsinogen

blood clotting factors

coagulation

ACEI

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

Nucleic

acid

is

composed

of

nucleotide.

Each

nucleotide

consists

of

three

components:

a

nitrogenous

heterocyclic

base,

which

is

either

a

purine or a pyrimidine; a pentose; and a phosphate

group.

RNA

is

ribonucleic

acid

composed

of

adenine,

guanine, cytosine, uracil and D-ribose.

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid composed of adenine,

guanine,

cytosine

,thymine

and

deoxyribose.

Both

ribose and deoxyribose are pentose.

?

base pairs

Genes

are

sequences

of

DNA

which

serve

as

blueprints

for

the

production

of

proteins

in

all

living things.

DNA

is

composed

of

six

molecules:

sugars,

phosphates and four bases.

Genetic

engineering

is

a

process

where

genetic

material

(DNA)

is

taken

from

one

organism

and

inserted

into

the

cells

of

another

organism.

Genetic engineering also can be the rearrangement

of gene location or the removal of genes.

Basic steps in genetic engineering

1.

Isolate the gene

2.

Insert it in a host using a vector

3.

Produce as many copies of the host as possible

4.

Separate and purify the product of the gene

Endonuclease exo/nucle/ase

Vector

传病媒介

Plasmid

质体

,

质粒

：

an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule

separate

from

the

chromosomal

DNA

which

is

capable

of

replicating

independently

of

the

chromosomal DNA.

chromatin.

染色质

replication

ription

转录

to messenger RNA (mRNA)

processing

4. Protein translation

Intron

:

内含子

is

a

DNA

region

within

a

gene

that

is

not

translated

into

protein.

These

non-coding

sections

are

transcribed

to

precursor

mRNA

and

subsequently removed in splicing.

Extron

:

外显子

a

DNA

region

that

can

be

translated