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医药英语词汇-词根词缀

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-02 09:43
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2021年2月2日发(作者:软件即服务)


-ary


pulmonary


pertaining


lung


to



?



scopy= scop + y


?



stomy=stom + y


?



uria=ur + ia


?



emia = em + ia


Gastrorrhagia



Diarrhea


Electrocardiograph




Electrocardiogram



Melanocyte


Hemoglobin



Erythroblast


Leukoblast



Blastocyte


Dermat/o/pathy


hemophilia


Poliomyelitis


hemiplegia



haplo- =one


Amphi-, ampho- = double, both


?



primary carbon atom: one carbon neighbor



?




secondary carbon atom: two carbon neighbors



?




tertiary carbon atom: three carbon neighbors



?




quaternary carbon atom: four carbon neighbors



Pentagastrin



Sympathetic




aluminum







calcium







magnesium






argentum



hepat / itis








aseptic


antidote


deoxidation



oligo/saccharide



ab/articulation


transfusion



ana/bolism



cata/bolism



pan/acea



eu/karyo/cyte



dys/bolism




?



coron/o: coronary



coronary heart disease



gastroenteritis



common colds






The Vascular System



capillaries


angio/tensin



vasoconstriction


?



Vas/o: blood vessel






Vasodilation


smooth


muscle


平滑肌






angiotensin







arterio/stenosis


?



ven/o, phleb/o: vein







phlebitis


capillar/ectasia






capillary angi/oma


?



hem/o, hemat/o, em =



blood


hematocyto/penia


an/em/ia



hemo/globin


hapten


Antigen determinant


抗原决定簇



plasma cells


immunoglobulins



?



phag/o: swallow






phagocyte


bacteriophage


AIDS= acquired immune deficiency syndrome







cytoplasm



neoplasma : tumor



saccharide and nucleic acid




Triose, Tetrose, Pentose, Hexose, Heptose, Octose,


Nonose, Decose,


Oligosaccharide:


lactose



sucrose


Glyco/gen



根据


function


Structural polysaccharides :cellulose


Storage polysaccharides



glycogen


根据


component


Homopolysaccharide:




Heteropolysaccharide:



Proteins are macromolecules made of


amino acids


and joined together by


peptide bonds


between the


carboxyl


and amino groups of adjacent amino acid



residues.



Each amino acid contains:


(1)



Carboxyl group (-COOH-)



(2)



Amino group (-NH2)



(3)



Side chain (R) unique to each amino acid










/catalysis


lic regulation


代谢调节



l protection


免疫保护



ortation


运输



ural or mechanical functions



Zymogen


or


proenzyme


is


an


active


enzyme


precursor.




Pepsinogen



blood clotting factors



coagulation



ACEI


angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor




Nucleic


acid


is


composed


of


nucleotide.


Each


nucleotide


consists


of


three


components:


a


nitrogenous


heterocyclic


base,


which


is


either


a


purine or a pyrimidine; a pentose; and a phosphate


group.


RNA


is


ribonucleic


acid


composed


of


adenine,


guanine, cytosine, uracil and D-ribose.



DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid composed of adenine,


guanine,


cytosine


,thymine


and


deoxyribose.


Both



ribose and deoxyribose are pentose.


?



base pairs


Genes


are


sequences


of


DNA


which


serve


as


blueprints


for


the


production


of


proteins


in


all


living things.



DNA


is


composed


of


six


molecules:


sugars,


phosphates and four bases.



Genetic


engineering


is


a


process


where


genetic


material


(DNA)


is


taken


from


one


organism


and


inserted


into


the


cells


of


another


organism.


Genetic engineering also can be the rearrangement


of gene location or the removal of genes.



Basic steps in genetic engineering


1.



Isolate the gene


2.



Insert it in a host using a vector


3.



Produce as many copies of the host as possible


4.



Separate and purify the product of the gene


Endonuclease exo/nucle/ase



Vector


传病媒介



Plasmid


质体


,


质粒



an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule


separate


from


the


chromosomal


DNA


which


is


capable


of


replicating


independently


of


the


chromosomal DNA.



chromatin.


染色质



replication


ription


转录



to messenger RNA (mRNA)


processing


4. Protein translation



Intron


:


内含子


is


a


DNA


region


within


a


gene


that


is


not


translated


into


protein.


These


non-coding


sections


are


transcribed


to


precursor


mRNA



and


subsequently removed in splicing.


Extron


:



外显子



a


DNA


region


that


can


be


translated

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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