英语论文修改模板

内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文

THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE

摘

要

随着改 革开放的不断发展，中国与世界的交流的不断加深，英语作为一种国际性的

语言，在我们 的日常生活中占有举足轻重的地位。能够用英语交流已经成为英语学习者

的主要目标。而 听力理解作为语言输入的重要环节，在英语学习过程中起着至关重要的

作用。而面对中国 英语教学的现状，听力理解仍然是国内英语学习者的薄弱环节。本文

通过对英语听力理解 过程中所遇到的心理障碍、

背景知识了解不足以及语言知识的匮乏

三个主要影响因素的阐述，作者分析了英语学习者听力差的原因，希望能够帮助英语学

习者及英语教师寻求到更为有效的解决方法。

关键词：障碍；

听力理解；

克服；

听力理解过程

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内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文

THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE

Abstract

With the development of the Reform-Opening Policy and the rapid development of the

relationship

with

the

outside

world,

communication

in

English

has

become

a

more

crucial

factor in social organization, and is regarded as the main target of English learners. English,

as

an

international

language,

plays

an

ever

more

significant

role

in

daily

life.

Given

the

importance of listening in language learning and teaching, it is essential for language teachers

to help learners become effective listeners and for language learners to pay greater attention to

listening comprehension. Most English listeners believe that listening comprehension is only

paying attention to what someone is saying or to sounds that they can hear. They regard the

process of listening comprehension as passive, but it is actually a very active and complicated

process involving many factors, such as the speakers’ pronunciation, the listeners’ vocabulary

and

ability

to

comprehend

meaning.

In

order

to

improve

their

listening

ability,

English

learners must not only make a diligent effort to listen to

speakers’ words, but also make use of

all

their

prior

knowledge

of

English.

The

main

obstacles

to

effective

English

listening

comprehension which must be addressed to improve listening comprehension in English are

in

the

areas

of

limited

phonetic

knowledge,

quantity

of

mastered

vocabulary,

limited

understanding in cultural background and some specific psychological obstacles.

Keywords

：

obstacles

；

listening comprehension

；

overcome

；

listen ing process

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内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文

THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE

Table of Contents

Outline

.

.............................................. .................................................. ............................ 1

Introduction

.............. .................................................. .................................................. ... 3

Chapter I

The Importance of Listening Comprehension

.

............. .................................. 5

1.1

Definition of the Listening Comprehension

.

.................................. ................. 5

1.2

The Significance of Listening ........................................ ................................... 6

Chapter II

The Process of Listening Comprehension ............... ..................................... 9

Chapter III

Obstacles

and Countermeasures in the Listening Process .......................... 11

3.1

The Limitation of Phonetic Knowledge

............................. ............................... 11

3.1.1

The Effect of Distinguishing Sounds on Listening

............................. 11

3.1.2

The Effect of Liaison on English Listening

.

.......................................... 12

3.1.3

The Effect of Intonation on English Listening ...................................... 13

3.1.4

The Effect of Stressed and Unstressed Words

....................................... 14

3.2

Quantity of Mastered V

ocabulary

.

........................................... .......................... 14

3.3

Limited Cultural Background Knowledge ........................................ ................ 17

3.4

The Limitation of Psychological Factors .................................................. ........ 19

3.4.1

Interest in Learning English Listening Comprehension

.

....................... 20

3.4.2

The Effect of Different Environments on English Listening

............... 21

Conclusion

.

..... .................................................. .................................................. ............... 24

Bibliography

.

............... .................................................. .................................................. 25

Acknowledgements

....... .................................................. ................................................ 28

3

内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文

THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE

Outline

Thesis

Statement:

The

main

obstacles

to

effective

English

listening

comprehension

which must be addressed to improve listening comprehension in English are in the areas of

limited

phonetic

knowledge,

quantity

of

mastered

vocabulary,

limited

understanding

in

cultural background and some specific psychological obstacles.

I.

Given

the

importance

of

listening

in

language

learning

and

teaching,

it

is

essential

for

language teachers to help learners become effective listeners and for language learners to

pay greater attention to listening comprehension.

A. All English learners need to understand the definition of listening comprehension.

B. More people who are qualified in listening and speaking skills will be demanded.

II.

Understanding

the

process

of

listening

comprehension

is

helpful

for

improving

listening skills.

III.

There

are

four

main

obstacles

with

corresponding

countermeasures

to

improve

the

process of listening comprehension.

A

．

Many English learners are limited in phonetic knowledge.

1. Distinguishing sounds means to differentiate between two or more sounds which are

in the neighboring position in terms of the place of articulation.

2.

The

meanings

of

an

identical

sentence

are

different

if

a

speaker

utters

it

using

a

different intonation or tone.

3.

Stressed

and

unstressed

words

are

another

important

factor

affecting

English

listening.

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内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文

THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE

B.

The

understanding

and

ability

to

use

a

large

amount

of

vocabulary

is

of

crucial

importance both in reading comprehension and listening.

1.

Although

many

students

have

studied

a

large

amount

of

vocabulary,

most

of

them have difficulties in applying and making use of these words in speaking and

listening.

2.

The phenomenon of one word with several meanings is very common in English

vocabulary.

C

．

A lack of cultural background knowledge is a big obstacle in listening comprehension.

1.

According to Piaget’s schema theory, information that does not fit into a

particular

schema may not be comprehended, or may not be comprehended correctly.

2. The way that learners acquire knowledge under schema theory is quite similar to

Piaget’s model of the process of development

.

D.

Psychological factors have a direct impact on students’ willingness and commitment to

listening instruction.

IV

.

Conclusion:

One’s ability to comprehend a listening text or conversation is based o

n

whether

he

or

she

has

mastered

relevant

knowledge

and

techniques

for

listening

and

understanding

such

as

application

of

relevant

phonetic

knowledge,

mastering

large

amounts of vocabulary, acquiring an adequate knowledge of cultural background and an

awareness of significant psychological factors.

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内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文

THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE

Introduction

With the development of the Reform- Opening Policy and the rapid development of the

relationship with outside world, communication in English has become a more crucial factor

in society, and is regarded as the main target of contemporary English learners. English, as an

international language, plays an ever more significant role in daily life. Therefore, to improve

English

competency,

English

learners

must

improve

their

ablilities

in

listening,

speaking,

reading

and

writing

all

at

the

same

time.

Although

each

of

these

skills

is

important,

“

language

learning

depends

on

listening

since

it

provides

the

aural

input

that

serves

as

the

basis

for

language

acquisition

and

enables

learners

to

interact

in

spoken

communication

”

(Nai and Wills).

Therefore, listening plays the most critical role in learning English because

it

is

the

source

of

language

input.

A

learner

cannot

master

the

language

communicative

process

if

they

do

not

learn

to

listen

effectively;

they

cannot

efficiently

communicate

and

cooperate with others unless they understand those that they are speaking with and listening

to.

In

the

practice

of

English

teaching

in

China,

listening

has

failed

to

receive

as

much

attention as reading, writing and translation. What most listening comprehension teachers do

in class is merely play listening materials and check the answers to the listening exercises, so

most students learn little in class, and listening comprehension does not

markedly increase.

Hence, listening is a very vulnerable area for most English learners in China.

It is necessary

to foster English learners’ abilities in reading and writing as well as listening, but improving

listening ability is an urgent problem that needs to be resolved now.

…

…

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内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文

THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE

Chapter I

The Importance of Listening Comprehension

1.1 The Definition of the Listening Comprehension

Given the importance of listening in language learning and teaching, it is essential for

language teachers to help learners become effective listeners and for language learners to pay

greater

attention

to

listening

comprehension.

Most

English

listeners

believe

that

listening

comprehension is only paying attention to what someone is saying or to sounds that they can

hear.

They

regard

the

process

of

listening

comprehension

as

passive

and

not

able

to

be

controlled by themselves

as listeners.

In order to

better understand the nature of listening

comprehension,

all

English

learners

need

to

understand

the

definition

of

listening

comprehension;

this

will

help

them

to

better

recognize

the

importance

of

listening

comprehension.

According

to

Howatt

and

Dakin

(1974),

listening

is

the

ability

to

identify

and

understand

what

others

are

saying.

This

process

involves

understanding

a

speaker

’

s

accent

or

pron

unciation,

the

speaker’s

gram

mar

and

vocabulary,

and

comprehension of meaning.

An able listener is capable of doing these four things

simultaneously.

（

qtd. in Nai and Wills

）

Other listening specialists add another important component of listening, namely the role of

empathy with the speaker.

Thomlison

’

s (1984) definition of listening incl

udes “

active listening

”

, which goes

beyond comprehending as understanding the message content, to comprehension as

an act of empathetic understanding of the speaker.

Furthermore, Gordon (1985)

argues

that

empathy

is

essential

to

listening

and

contends

that

it

is

more

than

a

polite

attempt

to

identify

a

speaker

’

s

perspectives.

Rather

more

importantly,

empathetic understanding expands to

“egocentric prosocial behavior”

.

Thus, the

listener altruistically acknowledges concern for the speaker

’

s welfare and interests.

Ronald

and

Roskelly

(1985)

define

listening

as

an

active

process

requiring

the

same skills of prediction, hypothesizing, checking, revising, and generalizing that

writing and reading demand; and these authors present specific exercises to make

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