摘要总结Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

1844

年经济学哲学手稿

economic [,i

?

k

?

'n

?

m

?

k] adj.

经济的，经济上的；经济学的

Philosophic [,f

?

l

?

's

?

f< /p>

?

k] adj.

哲学的；贤明的

manuscript ['m?nj

?

,skr

?

pt] n.

手稿；草稿

Paris Manuscripts

巴黎手稿

Karl Marx

卡尔·马克思

Friedrich V

on Engels

弗里德里希·冯·恩格斯

本书简介（ 我试写得

~

）

Economic

and

Philosophic

Manuscripts

of

1844

(also

referred

t

o

as

The

Paris

Manuscripts)

are

a

series

of

notes

written

betw

een

April

and

August

1844

by

Karl

Marx.

Not

published

by

Marx

during

his

lifetime,

they

were

first

released

in

1927

by

r

esearchers

in

the

Soviet

manuscripts

are

for

summa-

rizing

his

thoughts

and

make

clear

is

to

research

political

economy

and

the

part

of

alienation

labor

and

communism,it

contains

rich

economic

thought.

《

1844

年经济学哲学手稿》（又名《巴黎手稿》）是马克思

于

1844

年四月到八月写得一系列笔记。在 马克思的有生之年手

稿并没有被发表直到

1927

年被苏联学者出版。手稿是马克思为

了总结思想、弄清问题而写的。它为了研 究政治经济学和哲学。

尤其异化劳动和共产主义两部分，它包含着丰富的经济学思想。< /p>

political

economy

政治经济学

philosophy

哲学

alienation

labor

[e

?

< br>l

??

'ne

??

(

?

)n

'le

?

b

?

(r)]

异化劳动

有的版本也称（

?

'stre

?

nd

?

d]adj.

疏远的

Labor

）

communism

['k

?< /p>

mj

?

n

?

z(

?

)m]

共产主义

critique

[kr

?

'ti

?< /p>

k]n.

批评；评论文章

vt.

批判；评论

criticism

['kr

?

t

?

s

?

z(

?

)m]

n.

批评；考证；苛求

Preface

（前言）

||XXXIX|

I

have

already

announced

in

the

Deutsch-Fr anz?

sische

Jahrb

ü< /p>

cher

the

critique

of

jurisprudence

and

political

science

in

the

form

of

a

critique

of

the

Hegelian

philosophy

of

law.

While

preparing

it

for

publication,

the

intermingling

of

criticism

directed

only

against

speculation

with

criticism

of

the

various

subjects

themselves

proved

utterly

unsuitable,

hampering

the

development

of

the

argument

and

rendering

comprehension

difficult.

Moreover,

the

wealth

and

diversity

of

the

subjects

to

be

treated

could

have

been

compressed

into

one

work

only

in

a

purely

aphoristic

style;

whilst

an

aphoristic

presentation

of

th

is

kind,

for

its

part,

would

have

given

the

impression

of

arbitr

ary

systematism.

I

shall

therefore

publish

the

critique

of

law,

e

thics,

politics,

etc.,

in

a

series

of

distinct,

independent

pamphlet

s,

and

afterwards

try

in

a

special

work

to

present

them

again

as

a

connected

whole

showing

the

interrelationship

of

the

separ

ate

parts,

and

lastly

attempt

a

critique

of

the

speculative

elabor

ation

of

that

material.

For

this

reason

it

will

be

found

that

the

interconnection

between

political

economy

and

the

state,

law,

ethics,

civil

life,

etc.,

is

touched

upon

in

the

present

work

only

to

the

extent

to

which

political

economy

itself

expressly

t

ouches

upon

these

subjects.

我在

《德法年鉴 》

上曾预告要以黑格尔法哲学批判的形式对

法学和国家学进行批 判。

在加工整理准备付印的时候发现，

把仅

仅针对思辨的批判同针对各种不同材料本身的批判混在一起，

十

分不妥，这样会妨碍阐述，增加理解的困难。此外，由于需要探

讨的题目丰富多样，

只有采用完全是格言式的叙述，

才能把全部

材料压缩在一本着作中，

而这种格言式的叙述又会造成任意制造

体系的外表。因此，我打算连续用不同的单独小册子来批判法，

道德，政治等等，最 后再以一本专着来说明整体的

联系，各部

分的关系并对这一切材料的思辨加工进行批判。由于这个理由，

在本著作中谈到的国 民经济学同国家，法，道德，市民生活等等

的关系，只限于国民经济学本身所专门涉及的 范围。

In

the

first

paragraph,

Karl

Marx

told

us

the

manuscript

’

s

involved

area-----the

extent

to

which

political

economy

itself

e

xpressly

touches

upon

these

subjects

and

explained

why

did

that.

Estranged

Labor

We

have

proceeded

from

the

premises

of

political

economy.

We

have

accepted

its

language

and

its

laws.

We

presupposed

private

property,

the

separation

of

labor,

capital

and

land,and

of

wages,

profit

of

capital

and

rent

of

land

–

likewise

division

of

labor,

competition,

the

concept

of

exchange

value,

etc.

On

the

basis

of

political

economy

itself,

in

its

own

words,

we

have

shown

that

the

worker

sinks

to

the

level

of

a

commodity

and

becomes

indeed

the

most

wretched

of

commo

dities;

that

the

wretchedness

of

the

worker

is

in

inverse

propor

tion

to

the

power

and

magnitude

of

his

production;

that

the

necessary

result

of

competition

is

the

accumulation

of

capital

in

a

few

hands,

and

thus

the

restoration

of

monopoly

in

a

mor

e

terrible

form;

and

that

finally

the

distinction

between

capitali

st

and

land

rentier,

like

that

between

the

tiller

of

the

soil

and

the

factory

worker,disappears

and

that

the

whole

of

society

must

fall

apart

into

the

two

classes

–

property

owners

and

propertyless

workers.

我们是从国民经济学的各个前提出发的

。我们采用了它的语言

和它的规律。

我们把私有财产，

把劳动，

资本，

土地的相互分离，