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过去分词的用法及练习
Ⅰ
.
概念：过去分词
:
表示动作是被动的和已经完成
Ⅱ
.
功能
一．过去分词作表语
1.
及物动词的过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示
完成
。
The cup is broken.
茶杯破了。
2.
不及物动词的过去分词作表语，只表示动作的完成。
He is retired.
他已退休。
3.
有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
The city issurrounded on three sides by
mountains.
这座城市三面环山。
〖注意】
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词
作表语，
主要是表
示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。
The cup wasbroken by my
little sister yesterday.
(
被动语态，表示动作
)
The library is now closed.
(
过去分词作表语表示状态
)
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成
;-ing
形式表示主动或进行。有些情绪
类动词如
intere
st, bore, worry, surprise, frighten
，
shock
等修饰人加
-ed;
修饰
物用
-ing
。
Thebook is interesting and I'm
interested in it.
这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
二
.
过去分词作定语：
及物动词的过去分
词作定语，既表被动又表完成
;
不及物动词的过去分词
作定语，只表完成。
1.
单个的过去分词用作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adaptour thinking to the
changed conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
fallen leaves
枯叶
the risen
sun
升起来的太阳
written
/spoken English
笔头
/
口头英语
2.
过去分词短语用作
定语时，常置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当
于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁
The
concertgiven by their friends was a success.
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
3
.
过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
The meeting,attended by over five
thousand people, welcomed the great
hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
三
.
过去分词作宾语补足语
(
一
)
过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：
1.
感官动词。
如：
see,watch, observe, look at, hear,
listen to, feel, notice,
等。
I heard the songsung in English.
我听到这首歌有人用英语唱过。
He
felt himselffollowed.
他感觉有人跟踪他。
(
过去分词
changed
表示动作的完成。
)
2.
使役动词。如：
have,make, get, keep,
leave
等。
I’ll have
myhair cut tomorrow.
明天我要理发。
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
Don’tleave those things undone.
要把那些事情做完。
【注意】过去分
词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(
二
)
使役动词
have
接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
1.
过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。
He had his watch repaired.
他请
人把手表修了。
(
被别人修
)
She had the wellwater delivered to her
house every day.
2.
过去分词表示主语遭受不幸。如：
He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。
(
自己的遭遇
)
He had his wallet stolen on a bus.
3.
表示发现类的词
find/sp
ot/
等
He found his
hometown greatly changed.
She spotted
herself followed behind.
四
.
过去分词作状语
:
(
原因
/
条件
/
时间
/
让步等状语一般放句首
;
伴随状语常放
句末
)
(
其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致
)
1.
过去分词作原因状语
Writtenin a hurry, this article was not
so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Lost / Absorbedin thought, he didn’t
hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
2.
过去分词作条件状语
Given anotherhour, I can also work out
this problem.
(
如果
)
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city
looksmore beautiful to us.
(
如果
)(
当
---
时
)
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮
3.
过去分词作时间状语
有时为了强调时间概念，可用表示时间的连词
when
，
while+
过去分词。
Whenasked about the secret of his
success,he owed it to his family.
When
given a medical examination,you shouldkeep calm.
当你做体格检查时要保持镇定
4.
过去分词作伴随状语
常可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。
He stood there silently, moved to
tears.
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
He entered thelab followed by his
assistant.
The professorsat
there
，
surroundedby a lot of
students.
5.
过去分词作让步状语
Beaten by theopposite
team
，
theplayers were not
discouraged.
=Though they werebeaten by
the opposite team
，
the
players werenot
discouraged.
虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。
高考链接
orked for
the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,
______ as 3M.
A. knowing B.
known
known D. to be known
disc, digitally ________ in the studio,sounded
fantastic at the party
that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having
recorded
’t use words, expressions, or
phrases _______
only to people with
specific knowledge.
A. being
known B. having been known
C. to be
known D. known
flowers _______ sweet
in the botanic garden attract the visitors to
thebeauty of nature.
A. to
smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
巩固练习
1.____ time
,he will make a first-class tennis player .
A Having given BTo give C Giving D
Given
2___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of
the most famous universities in the United
States.
A Beingfounded B It
was founded
C Founded D Founding
3Unless __to speak ,you should remain
silent at the conference .
A invited B
inviting C being invited D having invited
4___,but he still couldn’t understand
it .
A He had beentold many
times B Having been toldmany times
C
Told manytimes D Although he had beentold many
times
5When first ___to the market ,
theseproducts enjoyed great success .
Aintroducing B introduced Cintroduce D
being introduced
6There seemed to be
nothing ___to do but ___for the doctor .
A leave /send Bleft / to send
C left /send D leaving / send
7____everywhere, the wolves had no
where ___themselves .
A Hunting /hiding
B To hunt / to hide
C Hunted / hiding D
Hunted / to hide
8 .The ___ morning,
the father came into the lonely house, ___ by his
naughty boy.
ing,following
B. followed, followed
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