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Unit
6
Section One Tactics for Listening
Part 1
Phonetics---- Stress, Intonation and
Accent
Peter: You've been to Zanada,
haven't you?
Peter:
Oh
yes,
I
remember.
You
went
a
couple
of
years
ago,
didn't
you ?
Peter: Now, let's see ... It's er, it's
a mainly agricultural country, isn't
it?
Peter:
Well yes,
I
know,
but
there's
not
much
industry
once
you've
left
the coast, is there?
Peter:
I
see ...
Mm,
so
the
North
would
be
the
best
place
to
go
to,
wouldn't
it?
Peter:
Yeah.
Mind
you,
I
should
think
the
South
is
very
beautiful,
isn't it?
Peter: (laughs) Yeah.
That's right. Oh and what about transport? It'd
be better to hire a car, wouldn't it?
Peter: Really? That's
cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn't it?
Peter: Yeah, well that's
fine, Maggie. Thanks a lot. Bye.
Part 2
Listening
and Note-taking
Identifying Criminals
Can
computers help the police to identify criminals?
Experts now
think computers can make it
easier for the police to find people they
want to question.
At the
present, the system most widely used by the
British police
is called Photofit.
Witnesses describe a suspect
and then a picture is
built
up like a
jigsaw
（锯曲线机）
,
using five different sets of features.
These are: hairs, eyes, nose, mouth and
chin. This system can be very
useful in
finding criminals, but only in one case out of
twenty. Quite
often, almost half the
time, in fact, Photofit pictures are misleading.
There are two reasons for this.
Firstly, the picture may look nothing
at all like the suspect. Secondly,
likeness may be so general that it is
not at all helpful. And unfortunately,
a bad likeness can lead to the
arrest
of an innocent person.
Witness
’
s
attitudes
can
influence
their
descriptions.
In
a
recent
experiment, a group of people was shown
a picture of a man and told
that
he
was
a
mass
murderer.
When
asked
to
produce
Photofit
pictures
of
this
man,
they
made
pictures
that
showed
a
murderous-looking individual. But at
the same time, a second group
was
shown
the
same
picture
and
told
that
the
same
man
was
a
lifeboat
captain
who
had
received
a
medal
for
bravery.
When
the
second
group
produced
Photofit
pictures,
these
showed
a
man
who
was handsome and well-
groomed.
The
police
have
another
way
of
identifying
criminals.
Police
records contain tens
of thousands of photographs of people convicted
of
crimes.
Witnesses
can
look
through
these
in
the
hope
of
recognising suspects; however, it has
been discovered that a witness
begins
to forget the
culprit's
(criminal)
features after spending a
long
time looking through these
photographs.
The
computer
system
called
FRAME
(Face
Retrieval
and
Matching
Equipment)
combines
the
best
features
of
both
methods.
All the photographs
on record are put on the computer file. When a
witness
describes
a
suspect,
the
computer
searches
the
file
for
photographs
that
fit
the
description..
The
witness
is
then
presented
with a small
number of photographs to look through.
Of
course,
this
system,
as
it
exists
at
present,
will
only
help
to
identify people whose photographs are
already on police files. So now,
experts have to work on the problem of
getting accurate descriptions
from
witnesses. One thing they have discovered is that
witnesses give
better
descriptions
when
they
are
encouraged
to
recall
the
scene
of
the
crime.
They
do
not
need
to
go
there:
just
imagining
the
scene
works just as well.
Exercise A:
1.
Computers
can
make
it
easier
for
the
police
to
find
people
they
want to
question.
2. A
bad likeness
can
lead
to the
arrest
of an
innocent
person.
3.
A
witness
begins
to
forget
the
culprit's
features
after
spending
a
long
time
looking
through these
photographs.
4.
Experts
have
to
work
on
the
problem
of
getting
accurate
descriptions from
witnesses.
5.
Witnesses
give
better
descriptions
when
they
are
encouraged
to
recall
the
scene
of the crime.
Exercise
B:
Identifying Criminals
I. The Photofit system
A.
Witnesses describe a
suspect.
B. Then a picture
is
built up
, using
five different sets of features.
1. Hair.
2. Eyes.
3. Nose.
4. Mouth.
5. Chin
.
C.
Advantage
1.
This system can be very useful in
finding criminals.
D. Disadvantage
1. But only in
one case out
of twenty
the method is accurate.
2. Almost half
the time Photofit pictures are
misleading.
3. There are two reasons
for misleading.
i.
Firstly, the picture may look
nothing
at all like the suspect.
ii.
Secondly, the likeness may be
so
general that it is not at all
helpful.
E. Witnesses'
attitudes
can
influence
their descriptions.
II.
Another way of identifying criminals
A.
Police
records
tens
of
thousands
of
photographs
of
people
convicted
of crimes.
B.
Witnesses
look
through
these
in
the
hope
of
recognising
suspects.
III.
FRAME (Face Retrieval and Matching Equipment)
A.
A
computer
system
combines
the
best
features
of
both
methods.
B.
All the photographs on record are put on the
computer file
.
C.
The
computer
searches
the
file
for
photographs
that
fit
the
description.
D.
The
witness
is
then
presented
with
a
small
number
of
photographs to look through.
E. Disadvantage
1.
The
system
will
only
help
to
identify
people
whose
photographs are already on police
files.
2. Descriptions from witnesses must
be
accurate
.
Section Two Listening Comprehension
Dialogue 1 I
Don
’
t Believe It!
A:
No,
I
think
it
’
s
a
load
of
rubbish
myself.
I
mean,
some
people
believe anything,
don
’
t they? Well, it doesn't
make sense, does it?
Things
flying
around
in
the
sky,
coming
down
from
another
planet
and
all
that?
No,
I
think
when
the
scientists
say
it's
happened and we
can
explain
how
it
happened
-- I
mean, when
we have some real
proof, then I'll believe it.
B:
There
could
be
some
truth
in
it,
but
I
tend
to
think
it's
just
a
tourist attraction. I can't explain the
photographs. And then there
are
the
photographs
of
the
erm,
er,
Abominable
Snowman* in the
mountains of India. Well, that's the same sort of
thing. I suppose it could be true, but
it's the same with all these
stories,
you'd like to see it for yourself before you
believe it.
C
：
Oh,
yes. They definitely exist. Yes, I believe that
some people come
back
to
haunt*
us. I
mean,
we've
all
had
strange
feelings about
people
who
are
no
longer
with
us,
or
strange
feelings
about
certain places. I think those feelings
are a kind of ghost. We don't
always
see
something,
you
know,
in
a
long
white
dress
going
feelings about the past.
Some people have very strong feelings so
they
actually
begin
to
see
things,
something
moving,
a
shape,
a
light, I don't know.
Scientific facts can't explain everything in this
world, you know.
Exercise
Ａ：
１．
Probably some photographs
of mysterious shapes, footprints or
that sort of things.
2.
The first
speaker.
Exercise B:
1.
I
only
believe
things
when
there
is
real
proof
or
scientific
explanation.
2.
People
sometimes
just
duplicate
old
mysterious
stories
in
a
new
setting to
attract tourists.
3.
There
do
exist
ghosts.
When
people
have
a
very
strong
feeling
about the past,
they begin to see
ghosts.
Dialogue 2 Unidentified Flying Objects
Interviewer:
Mr
Burton, you say that you have seen a UFO. Is that
right?
Mr Burton:
Yes, absolutely right. It
happened just over a year ago.
Interviewer:
And
where was this?
Mr Burton: Near my home
in Aldershot, in the south of England. I
live near the big military base in
Aldershot.
Interviewer:
What time of day was it?
Mr
Burton: It was about one o'clock in the morning. I
was out fishing.
The weather forecast
said it was going to be a warm, clear
night with no clouds, and that's
perfect for fishing.
Interviewer:
And what happened?
Mr Burton: Well, I saw a bright light
coming towards me at about
three
hundred
feet,
and
then
it
started to land. It was behind some
trees, but I could see
it clearly
because there was a full moon. Then I saw two
forms coming towards me, and when they
were about five
feet away, they just
stopped and looked at me for a good
ten
or fifteen seconds.
Interviewer: What
did they look like?
Mr
Burton:
They
were
quite
small,
about
four
feet
tall,
dressed
in
green suits from head to foot, and they
had helmets of the
same colour with a
red visor*, so I couldn't see their faces.
They both carried space guns.
Interviewer: Did they speak to you?
Mr Burton: Yes. The one on the right
said
Interviewer:
Weren't
you
frightened?
...
I
mean,
weren't
you
surprised that they spoke English.
Mr
Burton:
They
spoke
in
a
funny
accent.
It
sounded
more
like
a
machine talking than a
person.
No,
I wasn't frightened. I don't know why. The one who
spoke
started
to
walk
towards
the
light,
and
I
followed
him, with the other
one behind me. We got to a wall and
the
first
it!
1
had
to
climb
over
it,
and
then
we
got
to
the
spaceship.
Interviewer: What did that look like?
Mr Burton: It was about forty-five feet
across, and silver, very, very
shiny,
and there were round windows all round the side.
Interviewer: Did you go inside?
Mr Burton: Yes, I did. There were steps
going up, and we went into
an
octagonal* room. I stood there for about ten
minutes.
The
walls,
the
floor,
and
the
ceiling
were
all
black,
l
couldn't see any controls or
instruments, but there was a
central
column
going
up
from
the
floor
to
the
ceiling,
about four feel wide, right in the
middle of the room.
Interviewer: Were there any more of
these
Mr
Burton:
No,
just
the
two.
Suddenly,
one
of
them
said
under the
red light.
see
any
red
light,
but
then
1
moved
to
the
right
and
1
could see it up on the wall, just
under
the
ceiling.
I
stood
there
for
about
five
minutes,
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