中英=高级英语1 何兆熊 Unit 5 conservatives and liberals

Unit 5 conservatives and liberals

保守派和革新派

Conservatives and Liberals

Ralph Waldo Emerson

1. The two parties which divide the state, the party of

Conservative and that of innovation, are very old, and have

disputed the possession of the world ever since it was made.

This quarrel is the subject of civil history. The conservative

party established the reverend hierarchies and monarchies of

the most ancient world. The battle of patrician and plebian, of

parent state and colony, of old usage and accommodation to new

facts, of the rich and, of the poor, reappears in all countries and

times. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils,

and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man’s bosom with

opposing advantages every hour. On rolls the old world meantime,

and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight

renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot

personalities.

这个国家存在着两个政党，保 守党和革新党。这两个政党长期存

在，并且，自从这个世界存在财产后，两个政党就有了 争端。这种争

端是人民历史发展的主题。

保守党建立了这个世界 最古老的值得尊敬

的等级制度和君主制。

两党之间的战争包括贵 族和平民，

宗主国和殖

民地，旧秩序和新秩序，穷人和富人。这 些争端存在于所有国家的每

个时刻。战争的范围不仅是在战场，在国家议会和基督教议会 ，而且

每时每刻都以反对性质的优势牵动着每个人的内心。

旧世 界被推翻的

同时建立起新世界。

今天新世界发展得很好，

但是他仍然要不断的以

新的的名字和时代性个性更新自我，。

2. Such an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a

correspondent depth of seat in the human constitution. It is the

opposition of Past and Future, of Memory and Hope, of the

Understanding and Reason. It is the primal antagonism, the

appearance in trifles of the two poles of nature.

当然，如此势不两立的敌对势力必须对人类的体制有相似深度的

理解。这就是过去和将来，记忆和希望，理解和原因的对立。最基本

的敌对势力存在于自然两级中的琐事中。

3. There is a fragment of old fable which seems somehow to

have been dropped from the current mythologies, which may

deserve attention, as it appears to relate to this subject.

有一个古老预言的片段似乎一定程度上能用来解释现今的神话，

它很值得关注，因为它与这个主题相关。

4. Saturn grew weary of sitting alone, or with none but the great

Uranus or Heaven beholding him, and he created an oyster. Then

he

would

act

again,

but

he

made

nothing

more,

but

went

on

creating the race of oysters. Then Uranus cried, “a new work, O

Saturn! The old is not go

od again.”

5.

Saturn replied, “I fear. There is not only the alternative of

making

and

not

making,

but

also

of

unmaking.

Seest

thou

the

great sea, how it ebbs and

flows? So is

it with me; my power

ebbs;

and

if

I

put

forth

my

hands,

I

shall

not

do,

but

undo.

Therefore I do what I have done; I hold what I have got; and so

I resist Night and Chaos.”

6.

“O Saturn,” replied Uranus. “Thou canst not hold thine own,

but by making more. Thy oysters are barnacles and cockles, and

with the next flowing of the tide, they will be pebble and sea

foam.”

7.

“I see,” rejoins Saturn, “thou art in league with Night, thou

art become an evil eye: thou spakest from love; now thy words

smite

me

with

hatred.

I

appeal

to

Fate,

must

there

not

be

rest?”

---

“I appeal to Fate also,” said Uranus, “must there not be

motion?”

--- But Saturn was silent and went on making oysters

for a thousand years.

8. After that the word of Uranus came into his mind like a ray of

the

sun,

and

he

made

Jupiter;

and

then

he

feared

again;

and

nature froze, the things that were made went backward, and to

save the world, Jupiter slew his father Saturn.

9. This may stand for the earliest account of a conversation on

politics between a Conservative and a Radical, which has come

down

to

us.

It

is

ever

thus.

It

is

the

counteraction

of

the

centripetal and the centrifugal forces. Innovation is the salient

energy;

Conservatism

the

pause

on

the

last

movement.

“That

which is was made by God,” saith Conservatism. “He is leaving

that, he is entering this other,” rejoins Inno

vation.

这个也许是保守党和激进党政见最早 描述的代表，它传承下来给我

们。他曾经是那样。它是离心力和向心力的对抗。革新党是 突起的力

量，保守党是最后发展的停滞。保守党坚持那是上帝创造的东西。革