英语修辞

1

Rhetorical Devices

Simile

明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对 比

.

这种共性存在于人们的心里

,

而不是事

物的自然属性

.

标志词常用

like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as

等

.

例如

:

1.

He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2.

I wandered lonely as cloud.

3.

Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

4.

Political

and

religious

systems,

social

customs,

loyalties

and

traditions,

they

all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree.

5.

Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a

hill.

Metaphor

隐喻

,

暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻

,

不使用比喻词

as, like

等，直接把本体说成喻体。

.

例如

:

1.

Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2.

Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed

and digested.

3.

Her house was an island of comfort, an oasis for the weary village men.

4.

Mr

Houghton

seemed

to

me

ruled

not

by

thought

but

by

an

invisible

and

irresistible spring in his neck.

5.

Speaking only for myself, I think they brought me out of the fog in which I

had been walking.

Metonymy

借喻，转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物

,

而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称

.

I.

以容 器代替内容

,

以局部代整体，或以产地代产品。例如

1. The kettle boils.

水开了

.

2. The room sat silent.

全屋人安静地坐着

.

3. White House

代指美国政府

4.

Some

thought

will

lecture

on

disinterested

purity

while

its

neck

is

being

remorselessly twisted toward a skirt.

代指穿裙子的姑娘

II.

以资料

.

工具代替事物的名称

,

例如

:

1. Lend me your ears, please.

请听我说

.

III.

以作者代替作品

例如

:

1. a complete Shakespeare

莎士比亚全集

2. Have you read a Shakespeare?

你读过莎士比亚的作品么？

VI.

以典型的人体组织、器官或部 位代替人的抽象行为或能力，以具体事物

代替抽象概念

,

例如

:

1. I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.

我有力气

,

他们就用我的力

气赚钱

.

1

2

注：借喻是同类事物之间的比拟，隐喻是不同事物之间的比拟。借喻不是同

类的概念，而是接近的概念。

Synecdoche

提喻

提喻用部分代替全体

,

或用全体代替部分

,

或特 殊代替一般

.

例如

:

1.

There are about 100 hands working in his factory.

他的厂里约有

100

名工人

.

2.

He is the Newton of this century.

他是本世纪的牛顿

.

3.

The fox goes very well with your cap.

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配

.

4.

We need more hands to fulfil the task on time.

我们需要更多人手才能完成

任务。

5.

If we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money.

Synaesthesia

通感，联觉，移觉

这种修辞法是以视

.

听

.

触

.

嗅

.

味等感觉直接描写事物

.

例如

:

1.

The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice .

鸟儿落在树上

,

倾泻出百合花似的声 音

.

2.

Taste the music of Mozart.

品尝

Mozart

的音乐

.

Personification

拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物

.

例如

:

1.

Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open.

2.

The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.

3.

I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.

Hyperbole

夸张

< /p>

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的

.

它可以加强语势

,

增加表达效果。

例如

:

1.

I

have

a

thousand

reasons

to

believe

that the

next

world

war

will

be

fought

over water.

2.

Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

3.

When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

4.

If

you

find

yourself

alone

in

Central

Park

at

night,

hurry

to

the

tiger

’

s

lair

because you will be safer there.

5.

He would stand before us, put his hands on his waist and take a tremendous

breath.

2

3

Parallelism

排比，平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，

意思相关，

语气一

致的短语

.

句子排列成串，形成一个整体。

例如：

1.

No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till

all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

2.

In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and

yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these

things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race,

to answer for them separately.

3.

To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing.

Euphemism

委婉，委婉语，婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶、避讳的话。

例如

:

1.

He is out visiting the necessary.

他出去方便一下

.

2.

His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.

他与妻子关系不融洽

.

3.

Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.

4.

A man is fined forty shillings for having four pheasant eggs in his possession

without being able to satisfactorily explain how he got them.

5.

The life of underprivileged people in developing countries still leaves much to

be desired.

Allegory

讽喻，比方

这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为

换个方式的说法。它是一种形象的描

述，具有双重性，表层含义 与真正意味的是两回事。

例如

:

1.

Make the hay while the sun shines.

2.

It's time to turn plough into sword.

Irony

反语；反讽

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思 的作文方式

.

如在指责过失

.