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莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析
2011-6-16 18:08
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2011-6-18 00:59
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莎士比亚十四行诗第
18
首
◇
曹明伦
译
18
我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？
虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：
狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，
May,
夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；
date:
有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，
shines,
它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；
而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，
被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；
untrimmed:
但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，
你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，
死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，
shade,
18
Shall I
compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou
art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds
of
And summer's lease hath all too
short a
Sometime too hot the eye of
heaven
And often is his gold complexion
dimmed,
And every fair from fair
sometime declines,
By chance, or
nature's changing course
But thy
eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose
possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor
shall death brag thou wander'st in his
当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；
When in eternal lines to time thou
grow'st,
只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，
So long as men
can breathe, or eyes can
see,
我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。
So long lives
this, and this gives life to thee.
注：第
1
1
行语出《旧约
?
诗篇》第
23
篇第
4
节：
“
虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但
我不怕罹祸，因
为你与我同在
……”
英文赏析：
This
is
one
of
the
most
famous
of
all
the
sonnets,
justifiably
so. But it would
be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for
it
links in with so many of the other
sonnets through the themes of the
descriptive power of verse; the ability
of the poet to depict the fair
youth
adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed
through being
hymned in these 'eternal
lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is
full of confidence that his verse will
live as long as there are people
drawing breath upon the earth, whereas
later he apologises for his poor
wit
and
his
humble
lines
which
are
inadequate
to
encompass
all
the
youth's
excellence. Now,
perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no
such
self-doubt and the eternal summer
of the youth is preserved forever in
the
poet's
lines.
The
poem
also
works at a rather curious level of achieving its
objective through dispraise. The
summer's day is found to be lacking in so
many respects (too short, too hot, too
rough, sometimes too dingy), but
curiously enough one is left with the
abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is
in fact like a summer's day at its
best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the
darling buds of May, and that all his
beauty has been wonderfully highlighted
by the
comparison
。
这是整体赏析
1. Shall I compare thee to
a summer's day?
This is
taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare
thee etc?' The stock
comparisons of the
loved one to all the beauteous things in nature
hover in the
background throughout. One
also remembers Wordsworth's lines:
We'll talk of sunshine and of song,
And summer days when we were young,
Sweet childish days which
were as long
As twenty days are now.
Such reminiscences are indeed
anachronistic, but with the recurrence of
words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song',
'sweet', it is not difficult to see the
permeating influence of the Sonnets on
Wordsworth's verse.
2. Thou art more lovely and more
temperate:
The youth's
beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer
day. more
temperate - more gentle, more
restrained, whereas the summer's day might
have violent excesses in store, such as
are about to be described.
3. Rough winds do shake the
darling buds of May,
May
was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because
the calendar in use
lagged behind the
true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.
darling buds of May - the
beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer;
favourite flowers.
4.
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Legal terminology. The
summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the
lease
is too short, and has an early
termination (date).
5.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
Sometime = on occasion,
sometimes;
the eye of
heaven = the sun.
6. And often is his gold complexion
dimmed,
his gold complexion
= his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed
by
clouds and on overcast days
generally.
7. And every fair from fair sometime
declines,
All beautiful
things (every fair) occasionally become inferior
in comparison with
their essential
previous state of beauty (from fair). They all
decline from
perfection.
8.
By chance, or nature's changing course
untrimmed:
By
chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of
nature, which are not
subject to
control, nature's changing course untrimmed.
untrimmed - this can refer
to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it
stable; or to a lack of ornament and
decoration. The greater difficulty however
is to decide which noun this adjectival
participle should modify. Does it refer to
nature, or chance, or every fair in the
line above, or to the effect of nature's
changing course? KDJ adds a comma after
course, which probably has the
effect
of directing the word towards all possible
antecedents. She points out
that
nature's changing course could refer to women's
monthly courses, or
menstruation, in
which case every fair in the previous line would
refer to every
fair woman, with the
implication that the youth is free of this
cyclical curse, and
is therefore more
perfect.
9. But thy eternal summer
shall not fade,