-
中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
专题十八阅读理解
第
1
讲北京
中考阅读理解
CD
篇
教学目标
1.
掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。
2.
掌握阅读理解的解题技巧
,
并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。
3.
通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累
,
及阅读理解解题技巧的练习
,
灵活应对各种阅读理解题。
C
篇
名
师点拨
知识篇
“巧妇难为无米之炊”
,
在英语学习的过程中
,
语料的积累至
关重要。
对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理
,
能
够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。
亲爱的同学
,
老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句
,
快来看看你掌握了吗？
高频词
（课前检测学生的词汇量储备
,
以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优
,
模糊翻译的良
,
不会翻译
的为差。）
单词
/
短语
词性
词义
拓展
优
have to
be
designed for
difficult
adj.
必须，不得不
为…而设计
困难的
n. difficulty
掌握情况
良
差
1
/
24
中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
experiment
cut…into…
surprised
look
down upon
be punished
for
accept
search
however
understand
organize
probably
长难句
（课前检测学生的句型储备
,
以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优
,
模糊翻译的良
,
不会翻译的
为差。）
1. So it is difficult for left-handers
to use most tools.
（优
良
差
）
__________
__________________________________________________
_____________________________________
句意：所以对于左撇子来说使用大多数工具是困难的。
本句涉及高频句型“It’s + adj. for sb. to do
sth”，意为“对某人来说做某事是…”。
2. They
conclude
（
得出结论）
that left-handed people are left handed
for the same reason that right-handed people are
right
handed.
（优
良<
/p>
差
）
____
__________________________________________________
___________________________________________
句意：人习惯于使用左手和习惯于使用右手是同一个原因，即惯用左手的人和
惯用右手的人一样是普通人。
本句要首先判断出
conclude
后面是一个由
that
引导的宾语从句，
在这个宾语从句中有包含着一个由
that
引导的定
语从句修饰
rea
son.
其次，在翻译对字面含义的同时还要理解这句话的深层含义，即强调惯用左手
的人和惯用右
手的人都是普通人。
v.
v.
adj.
n.
试验
把…切成…
惊讶的
瞧不起
因…而受惩罚
接受
搜寻，搜查
adj. acceptable
过去式：
understood
v.
组织
n. organization
conj.
然而
v.
理解
adv.
可能
方法篇
“方法得当
,
事半功倍。
”
只有语料的积累
,
没
有好方法的辅助也是不够的。
对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理
,
能
够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑
< br>,
在有足够语料积累的基础上
,
能够帮助我们争取高分。
亲爱的同学
,
老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧
,
快来看看你掌握了多少？
一、阅读理解解题步骤
第一步
快速浏览全文，
了解文章大概。
浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如
果
遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，
可以根据上下文猜测，
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中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
切不可停留而放慢速度。
第二步
浏览问题，明确要求。
把文章后每个
题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主
要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，
找到文章中确切表达所要回答
问题的关键句子。
第三步
通篇寻读，确定段落。
也就是带着问
题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及
任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来
，以便为下一步答题做好充分
准备。
第四步
逐条分析，对号入座。
把需要回答的
问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般
来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章
内容自上到下顺序设计的，根
据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。
第五步
复读全文，验证答案。
全部题目做完
后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理
解，核实所选答案是否正确。
二、阅读理解解题技巧
初中英语选择
型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，
分别是细节理解题，
推理判断
题，
猜测词义题和主旨大意题。
接下来我们将从这四种题型的定
义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。
题型
题型一：细节理解题
解释
本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材
料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人
（
< br>who
）、物（
what
）、时
间（
when
）、地点（
where<
/p>
）、原因（
cause
）、结果（
effect
）、文中的数据
（
data
）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。
设题
1. Which of the
following statements is true/false?
3. According to the passage, when(
where, why, how, who, etc)…?
解题
1.
细心审题，直接就题找答案
3.
多点归纳，综合事实找答案
典题
Which hand do you use when
write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left
handed. They often have to use
handed,
try this experiment: Take a knife with your left
hand and try cutting a potato into pieces.
D
on’t be
surprised if you
feel
awkward
（别扭的）
.
If right-handers
cut up
potatoes with their left hand
, they
will .
A. get hurt
B. give up cutting
C. feel awkward
D. change their tools
本题可以运用到解题技巧
1.
细心审题，直接就题找答案
精析
tools that are
designed for right-handed people. So it is
difficult for left-handers to use most tools.
If you are right
技巧
2.
变通理解，间接转述找答案
方式
2. Which of
the following is (not) mentioned?
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中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
浏览题干，确定关键短语为
cut up potatoes
with their left
hand
，浏览段落，确定关键句
If you are right
handed, try
this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand
and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be
surprised if you feel awkward
（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如
果你感到
别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选
C
。
题型
题型二：推理判断题
解释
推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑
思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目
难度大，涉及面广，
如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态
度等。<
/p>
设题
1. It can be
inferred from the text that_____.
3. With which of the following does the
author agree?
4. The passage
is probably taken from a _____.
解题
1.
通过文章陈述的事实进行推断
3.
根据作者的意图和态度进行推断
典题
Boredom
is
often
linked
with
loneliness,
but
a
writer
named
Meera
Syal
said
boredom
had
helped
her
in
her neighbors. She also tried to do
things like learning to bake cakes. “But
importantly, I Thought and wrote a
lot,
because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary,
filling her time with short
stories and
poems she made up.
Grayson
Perry, an artist,
grew up in a family
with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up
stories, drawing
pictures for his
stories and reading many books in the library.
Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the
window, watching the changing clouds
and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with
what he liked.
He became
creative, because he could think
freely.
The writer talks
about Syal and Perry to
.
A. stress the
great differences between them
B. introduce a popular writer and a
famous artist
C. suggest
good ways of going through boredom
D. show effects of boredom on
developing creativity
本题可以运用到解题技巧
2.
根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断
题干意为“作者谈论
Syal
和
Perry
的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读
段落，抓
住两个人物的态度，
第一段中关键句为
a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had
helped her in developing
her
mind.
意为“
Meera
Syal
说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为
He
became creative, because
he could think
freely.
意为
“他变得积极，
因
为他能够自由思考”
，
由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为
“无
精析
developingher mind.
She told
researchers about her childhood. Having few things
to do, Syal often talked with
技巧
2.
根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断
方式
2. From the
text we know that _____.
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中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
聊可以发展创造力，”，故选
D
。
题型
题型三：词义猜测题
解释
单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力
的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词
或短语的意义往往不
停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。
设题
1. The underlined sentence
in the last paragraph means ______.
3. Which of the following is closest in
meaning to the word _____.
解题
1.
通过因果关系猜测词义
3.
通过构词法猜测词义
4.
通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义
5.
通过描述猜测词义
6.
用知识和生活经验猜测词义
7.
根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义
典题
Children are expected by
their parents to be reading a textbook all the
time. However, research shows that it may
What does the word “hamper” in
Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Slow down.
B. Keep up
with.
C. Go beyond.
D. Give rise to.
本题可以运用到解题技巧
2.
通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义
浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词
while
“然而”
，
while
后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的
机会”，
所以
while
之前的句意应该与之相反，
进一步推测词义。
A
意为“
（使）慢下来”，
B
意为
“跟
上”，
C
意为“超出”，
D
意为“引起，导致”，故选
A
。
题型
题型四：主旨大意题
解释
考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。
设题
1.
问标题：
What is the main topic
of the passage? / The best title for the passage
is _____.
3.
问目的，态度：
The author wants to
tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to
_____.
解题
1.
浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句
3.
以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图
典题
In
the
past,
people
thought
it
was
strange
to
use
the
left
hand.
Young
students
looked
down
upon
their
精析
left-handed
classmates.
Some
children
were
even
punished
for
using
their
left
hand
to
write.
But
these
days
技巧
2.
浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨
方式
2.
问中心：
The first paragraph is
mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly
about _____.
精析
hamper the development of their
imagination, while boredom can give
t
hem opportunities to develop
creativity.
技巧
2.
通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义
方式
2. The
word“…”most likely means _____.
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中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
parents and teachers
have
accepted that.
In almost every school
in the world, left-handed students can use their
left hand to write.
What is Paragraph 2 mainly
about?
A. Causes of being
left handed.
B.
Encouragement to left-handers
C. Punishment for using the left hand.
D. Changes in opinions on
left-handers.
本题可以运用到解题技巧
2.
浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨
本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词
but
，
but
之前的关键词
in the
past
和
it was
strange to use the left hand
表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，
but
之后的关键词
these days
和
have
accepted that
表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的
人。
所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态
度上的转
变。可以判定答案为
Changes in opinions on left-ha
nders.
，故选
D
。
语篇精讲
浏览问题
（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）
题号
1
A. get hurt
2
题干及选项
If
right-handers cut up
potatoes with their left hand
, they
will.
（细节理解题）
B.
give up cutting
D. change
their tools
C. feel awkward
What is Paragraph 2 mainly
about?
（主旨大意题）
A.
Causes
of being left
handed.
B.
Encouragement
to left-
handers
C.
Punishment
for using the
left hand.
D.
Changes in opinions
on left-
handers.
3
According to the passage, right-
handers.
（细节理解题）
A.
learn better
visually
B. are
good organizers
C. are
better at single
sports
D.
give
clear directions
to others
4
From the
passage, we can learn that left-
handers.
（细节理解题）
A. may be
more talkative and
outgoing
B. are
ordinary people
like right-
handers
C. might
remember everyday things
better
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中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
D.
no longer need
to
use right-handed tools
通篇寻读
话题
日常生活类
Are You Right Handed or Left
Handed?
Which hand do
you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of
people are left handed. They often have to use
tools that
are designed for right-
handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers
to use most tools.
If you are right
handed, try this
experiment: Take a
knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato
into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel
awkward
（别扭的）
.
In
the
past
,
people
thought
it
was
strange
to
use
the
left
hand.
Young
students
looked
down
upon
their
left-handed
classmates. Some
children were even punished for using their left
hand to write.
But these
days
parents and teachers
have
accepted
that
. In almost every school in the
world, left-handed students can use their left
hand to writ
e.
What causes people to be left handed or
right handed? Experts have searched long and hard
on this. They
conclude
（得
出结论）
that left-handed people are left handed
for the same reason that right-handed people are
right handed. One out of
every ten
people just is a left-handed people are right
handed. One out of every ten people
ju
st is a left-
hander. It’s
simply
like the color of our eyes
–
some people have brown
eyes, while some others have black
eyes.
However,
may
researchers
think
that
left-
handers
and
right-handers
are
different
in
some
aspects.
Right-handers
aremore
talkative and outgoing than right-handed people
understand spoken words better.
For
example,
after they listen to
directions to a supermarket, they can find it
easily.
Right-handers are good at
organizing people, too.
They
are also better basketball guards. Just
ask Yao Ming.
Research shows
that left-handers are creative and
artistic.
Many famous performers, like
Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are
left
handed.
Many left-handers learn better
visually
（在视觉方面）
.
In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo
were
left handed. In music, Ludwig van
Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find
Newton and Einstein.
The left-handed
people are also really good at tennis
and other single sports.
If
you prefer one hand, but you are still good at
writing with the other, you are mixed. Research
shows mixed-handers
can
remember
everyday
things
better
than
other
people.
What
did
you
eat
for
lunch
two
weeks
ago?
If
you’re
mixed
handed, you can
probably remember.
体裁
说明文
字数
402
建议用时
7
分钟
实际用时
正确率
__/4
星级
★★★
逐题分析
语篇解读：
本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文。
主要阐述了惯用左手的人及惯用右手的人
这两类社会群体的特
点，过去及现在人们对这两类群体的态度转变，最后得出他们都是普
通人这一观点。
1. If
right-handers cut up potatoes with their left
hand, they will .
7
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24
中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
A. get hurt
B. give up
cutting
C. feel awkward
解析：
C.
细节理解题。
浏览题干，
确定关键短语为
cut up potatoes with their left hand
，
浏览段落，
确定关键句
If you are right
handed, try
this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand
and try cutting a potato into p
ieces.
Don’t be surprised if you
feel
< br>awkward
（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆
切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人
惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选
C
。
2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly
about?
A. Causes of being
left handed.
B.
Encouragement to left-handers
C. Punishment for using the left
hand.
D. Changes in opinions
on left-handers.
解析：
D.
段落主旨大意题。本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词
but<
/p>
，
but
之前的关键词
< br>in the past
和
it was
strange to use the left hand
表明了在过去人们认为使
用左手是奇怪的，
but
之后的关键词
these days
和
have
accepted
that
表明了现
在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转
变。可以判定答案为
Changes in opinions on left-ha
nders.
，故选
D
。
3. According to the
passage, right-handers .
A.
learn better visually
B. are
good organizers
C. are
better at single sports
D.
give clear directions to others
解析：
B.
细节理解题。本题题干询问的是惯用右手的人的特点，因此可以将答案锁定在第四段中。根据第四段中关键句<
/p>
Right-
handers are good at
organizing people, too.“惯用右手的人擅长组织人们”可以推断出他们是好的组织者
。根
据第五段
Many left-handers
learn better visually
（在视觉方面）
.
可以判定
A
选项是左撇子的特点，故
是错误的；根
据
The
left-
handed
people
are
also
really
good
at
tennis
and
other
single
spor
ts.
可以判定
C
项是错误的；根据<
/p>
Many
right-handed people
understand spoken words better. For example, after
they listen to directions to a supermarket, they
can
find it easily.
可以判断出惯用右手
的人有方向感，而不是给别人清晰的方向，故
D
项错误。
4. From the
passage, we can learn that left-handers
.
D. change their
tools
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中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
A. may be more talkative and
outgoing
B. are ordinary
people like right-handers
C.
might remember everyday things better
D. no longer need to use right-handed
tools
解析：
B.
细节理解题。本题题干询问的是惯用左手的人的特点，根据第
四段中句子
Right-handers
are
more
talkative
and
outgoing than left-
handers.
可以判定出
talkative and o
utgoing
是惯用右手的人的特点，故排除；根据最后一段中句子
< br>Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people.
可判定出双手都能灵活运用的人
记忆力更好，故排除
C
；根据第一段句子
They often have to use
tools that are designed for right-handed people.
可知左
撇子也不得不使用专为右手人设计的工具，故排除
D
。最后，根据第三段中
They
conclude
（得出结论）
that
left-handed people are
left handed for the same reason that
right-
handed people are right handed.“人
习惯于使用左手和
习惯于使用右手是同一个原因，”即惯用左手的人和惯用右手的人一样
是普通人，故选
B
。
精讲笔记
（学生在教师的指导下
,
回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）
语篇中积累的词汇
（至少积累
10
个）
单词
语篇中的学到的方法
（至少掌握
2
种）
细节理解题
1
、
3
、
4
推理判断题
词性及词义
单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）
9
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中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
2
能力提升
基础过关
一、词汇
< br>/
短语英汉互译★
单词
/
短语
词性
词义
be designed for
experiment
cut…into…
look down upon
be
punished for
search
organize
probably
二、句子英汉互译★★
v.
v.
adj.
adj.
n.
必须，不得不
困难的
惊讶的
接受
然而
理解
conj.
v.
v.
adv.
1.
所以对于左撇子来说使用大多数工具是困难的。
_____________________________________________
.
2.
你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他。
______________________________________________.
3. It is important that we try
to be good at everything we do.
_____________________________________________
_.
4. If you cut a cake into
four parts all the same size, each part is one-
fourth.
10
/
24
中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
_______________________________________
_______.
5. I shall be
punished for being late this morning.
<
/p>
________________________________________
______.
阅读练习
话题
日常生活类
Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you
ever make a plan before a visit? Every museum must
have something that
attracts you. And
there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in
a museum.
If you follow
these steps below, you'll know what is worth
seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of
your
time at the museum.
Decide what museum you will visit.
There are so many different kinds of
museums and you first need to find one that you
like. It's easy for you to choose one
and start an enjoyable visit!
Do some research online.
Every museum now has a website which
allows you to look through the information about
it.
On the website, you may look for
such things as:
?
The exhibits
(
展品
)
–
See
what is on show at the museum at all times, and
what special exhibitions are held for a short
time.
?The
history of the museum –
There will often
be very interesting stories about the exhibits and
the
benefactors(
捐赠
者
).
That can make your visit more interesting.
?Activities –
See
whether there are talks, tours our special
activities on the day when you visit. Many museums
hold
some activities that meet the
interests of all age groups.
?C
ost, food or
shortage
–
It's important how
much the visit will cost. You have to decide
whether or not you can eat
there. You
might also need to find out transportation needs,
as well as storage for coats, bags etc.
Learn at least one thing on
your visit.
It is always good to take
away something new from your visit.
Plan breaks into your visit.
When you walk around, standing here and
studying exhibits there, you may become very
tired. So it is important to take
breaks. A break is a good opportunity for you to
think of what you have seen and what else
you might want to do in museum.
Take a friend or two.
Visiting museums is always a lot more
fun when you are with someone else. You can talk
over
what you’re seeing. A friend also
brings another way of thinking when you talk
about
the exhibit.
1. According to the passage, we should
first ____.
（细节理解题）
A. do some research online
B. make a plan for lunch
C. decide on a museum to visit
11
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体裁
说明文
字数
364
建议用时
7
分钟
实际用时
正确率
__/4
星级
★★★
中考英语专题复习
专题十八
阅读理解
第
1
讲
阅读理解
CD
篇
D. choose a friend to go with
2. To make our visit more
interesting, we can____.
（细节理解题）
A.
organize activities like special shows and talks
B. read the stories about
exhibits and benefactors
C.
learn about the interests of all age groups
D. walk around the museum
without breaks
we visit a
museum with friends, we can____.
（细节理解题）
A. share
the experience with them
B. come up with strange ideas
C. cut down the cost of the
visit
D. discuss the next visit
plan
4. What does the
passage mainly talk
about?
（主旨大意题）
A.
What to do in a museum?
B.
When to visit a museum?
C.
Where to find a museum.
D.
How to enjoy a museum.
参考答案
基础过关
一、词汇
< br>/
短语英汉互译
单词
/
短语
词性
词义
have to
be
designed for
difficult
experiment
cut…into…
surprised
look
down upon
be punished
for
accept
search
however
understand
v.
v.
adj.
adj.
n.
必须，不得不
为…而设计
困难的
试验
把…切成…
惊讶的
瞧不起
因…而受惩罚
接受
搜寻，搜查
然而
理解
conj.
v.
12
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