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上海高考英语备考训练
上海高考英语语法考点：状语从句
在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从
句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结
果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连接词有
: when, as,
while, after, before, since, ever since, as
soon as, once, till, until, whenever,
no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, the
moment/minute/instant/second, every
time, each time, any time, the first time, next
time, last time, all the time, by the
time, directly, immediately,
instantly
等。
主将从现语法规则：时间
,
条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
No matter what he is, he will be
punished.
I will go if you
go.
1.
表示
“
< br>一
·
·
·
就
···”
的句型
1) as soon as/once
As soon as he arrives, I'll
call you.
“
一
…
就，一旦
...”
2) on doing sth./on one's + n. On
arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.
3) no sooner ...than ,
hardly/scarcely...when
，
不放句首，不倒装。
No
sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.
Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room
when the phone rang.
4
）
the moment, the
instant, the minute, the second
The
moment I saw him, I recognized him.
We'll leave the minute you are ready. <
/p>
5)
有些副词如：
instantly,
immediately,
directly
可用作连词，后接从句。
I left immediately the clock struck 5.
2. when, while,
as
引导时间状语从句
1)
when
既可指时间点，也可指时间
段。从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的，
主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。
I was thin when I was a child.
It was raining when I
arrived.
when
在下列结构中
,
译成
“
这时
”,
它引导的是并列句
be about to
do ... when, be doing ... when, had done
·
·
·
when, be on
one's way ...
when, be on the point of
doing ... when
2)
while
只能指一段时间，
从句中的动词必须是延续性动词
。
强调某一段时间内
发生主句动作，相当于
during the time that....
My mother
was cooking while I was doing my homework. I am
safe while I am here.
while
除
引导时间状语从句外，还引导并列句，作
“
然而
”
讲；并可在句首引出让
步状语从句作
“
虽然
·
·
< br>·
但
”
讲。
I like watching TV, while he likes reading.
While he has his own car,
he often uses mine.
3)
as
的用法
as
引导时间状语从句时常可和
when
换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。
As I
left the house, I forgot the key.
as
还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，
“
随着
...”
的意思，表时间的推移。
As I get older, I get more optimistic.
as
表
“
一边
…
一边
…”
，
引出伴随动作。
He hurried home, looking behind
as he went.
用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。
As
he was going out, it began to rain.
as<
/p>
有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。
As a boy (when he was a boy), he was
hopeless at maths.
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上海高考英语备考训练
3,
before
引导的时间状语从句
1)
before
< br>引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。
Before
they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.
2)
在
“It be +
时间段
+ before
从句
”
句型中，译成
“…
才
”
，
“…<
/p>
就
”
。
It will be many years before the
chemicals start to escape from the containers.
It was not long before he
came was a week before he could tell his story.
It wasn't long before he told us about
himself.
3)
befor
e
可译成
“
未来得及
< br>”
He had measured me
before I could get a word.
4)
before
< br>可译成
“
趁着还没
”
I'll write it down before I
forget.
4,
until
和
till
1)“
延续性动词肯定式
+until”
表示
“
动作延续到
…<
/p>
为止，
”
译为
“
直到
…
为止
”
，
I waited for
him until he came back.
2)“
终止性动词的否定式
+ unt
il”
表示
“
直到
·
·
·
才
”
。
He didn't go
to bed until he had finished his work.
3)
用于强调句式
“It is
not until ...that ...”
It
was not until the professor came that we began the
experiment.
4)not until
放在句首时
，主句倒装。句首和强调句中要用
until
，而不用
till
；
not...until...
句型中不用
till
。
5, since
引导时间状语从句，意为
“
自从
…
时起
”
，主句要用完成时。
二、地点状语从句
1,
地点状语从句主要由
where, wherever
anywhere, everywhere
引导。
We must camp where we can get water. I
will follow you wherever you go.
2,
地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：
w
here
引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。
Go back where you came from.
< br>（
where
引导地点状语从句）
Go back to the village where you came
from.
（
where
引导定语从句
）
三、原因状语从句
原因状语从句由
because, as , since,
now (that)
（既然）
, in that
（因为，多于口语
中）
,seeing
(that)
（鉴于，由于）
,considering
that
（考虑到）等引导。
1,
because
用来回答
why
的问题
，
表直接的因果关系，
语气最强，
可用
于强调句。
It was because he was
ill that he didn't go with us.
because
是连词，引导从句，
because of
是介词短语。
2, since, as, now
that
引导的原因状语从句，不能用于强调句。
since
的语气比
because
稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因已经清楚
了的事情，一般译成<
/p>
“
既然，鉴于
”
（往往放在主句之前）
Since you have
known the secret, I needn't say anything about it.
3, as
语气最弱，
说明一般的因果
关系，
表显而易见的原因或倒果为因的说法，
可
放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后。
As the
ground is wet, it must have rained last
night.
（倒果为因）
4,
now that
用来说明一种新情况，
然后加以推论。
now that
放句首时
that
可省略：
Now (that)
everybody is here, let's begin.
5, for<
/p>
也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以
< br>推断，表示补充说明理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语气很弱，一般后置。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
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上海高考英语备考训练
6,
原因状语从句有时可以用分词形式表现。
As he was blind, he couldn't see
anything.
Being blind, he
couldn't see anything.
四、条件状语从句
1,
由
if, unless
（
if...not
）
, so/as long
as, supposing(that)
（
假设）
, in case
（万一
…,
以
防
…
）
, so/as far as
（就
...
而言）
, on condition that
（条
件是
...
）
,
provided/providing
(that)
（假若）引导。
I
won't go unless I'm invited.
Take an umbrella with you
in case it rains.
You may use the room
as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.
2, “
祈使句
+and/or/or
else/otherwise+
陈述句
”
的句型中，相当于条件状语从句。
Use your
head, and you'll find a way.
Hurry up or else (otherwise) you’ll be
late.
3,
if
only
也可以引导条件状语从句
, If (only)
it clears up, I will go.
If
only he had told me last week, I would have given
him some help.
4
，条件句中的虚拟与倒装
1
）
if<
/p>
引导的条件状语从句若与过去或现在事实不符，或对未来进行不可能的假
< br>设，就要用虚拟语气。
2
）省
略
if
的虚拟条件从句：若条件从句的谓语动词有
were, had
或
should,
可以
把
if
省去，而把
were
，
had
或
should
移到主语前构成倒装。
Had I arrived there earlier, I would
have seen him.
Were it not for him, I
would not have the chance to go home.
Should he be here tomorrow, I would
give him a hand.
五、目的状语从句
由
so
that
（以便），
in
order that
（为了），
for fear
that
（
= in case
）（以
免），
lest
（以防）引导，谓语常含
may, might, can, could, will,
would
等情态动词。
They
set out early so that they might arrive at the
station in good time.
He wrote the name
down for fear that
（
lest
）
he would forget.
当从句与主句主语一致时，可用
to do, so as
to do, in order to do
结构换用。
六、结果状语从句
1,
常用的连词有
so
that
，
so ... that,
such...that, that
。
结果状语从句中一般无
情态
动词。
He had overslept so
that he was late for work.
My pen fell
under my desk that I couldn't see it.
2, so/such
...that
：
She is so beautiful
a girl that all the boys of our class like her.
=She is such a
beautiful girl that all the boys of our class like
her.
He spoke at the top of
his voice so that the students at the back could
hear him.
(
目的
状语从句）
He spoke
at the top of his voice, so that the students at
the back heard him.
他说话声音很高，结果后面的同学都听见了
。
(
结果状语从句
)
so that
引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句隔开，
从句里没有表目的的
情态
动词
may, can, might
或
could
。
3, many/few
/much/little
前只有
so
here are so many apples on the desk
that we each have one.
There is so
little water that you can't drink.
litt
le
表
“
小，可爱
”
时，用
such
不用
so
修饰。
Such
little children made so many toys.
名词
such
形副
so,
多多少少还是
so, little
一
词有多解，少是
such
小是
so.
七、方式状语从句
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