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不定式作状语
一、要点精讲
不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果和原因等。
1.
目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全
句的主语，往往意为“为
了；想要”
。
不定式作状语有三种形式：
to
do
、
in order to
do
、
so as to do
肯定：
to
in order to
+
动词原形
so as to
so as to do
(
一般不用在句首
)
In
order to/To get there on time, they started early.
=
They started early so as
to get there on time.
为了按时到那里，他们早早就出发了。
否定：
in order not
to
+
动词原形
so as not to
In order not to
fail the exam, you have to work hard.
=
you have to work hard so as not to fail the exam.
为了考试及格，你要努力。
2.
结果状语
不定式做结果状语有三种形式：
to
o
…
to
、
(
not)
…
enough to do
、
so+adj./adv.+as to
do(=such+adj.+n.+as to do)
The child
was too young to look after himself.
The child was not old enough to look
after himself.
The child was so young
as not to look after himself.
那孩子太小不能照顾自己。
Mike
was such a young child as not to look after
himself.
麦克那么小还不能照顾自己。
不定式做结果状语有时表示“出乎意料的结果”
。经常与
< br>only
、
never
连用。<
/p>
He lifted the rock only to
drop it on his own feet.
他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
The
boy left home, never to return.
那男孩离家出走了，再也没有回来。
注意：
不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：
不定式作结果状语
往往表示意想不到的结
果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
It rained heavily in the south,
causing serious flooding in several provinces.
南方下了大雨，在几个省造成了严重洪灾。
3.
原因状语
（多用于表示情绪或态度的形容词后面）
。
这些形容词主要
有：
happy
，
kind
，
surprised
，
frightened
，
angry
，
shocked
，
glad
，
sorry
，
deli
ghted
，
disappointed
等。
I am sorry to have kept
you waiting.
对不起，让你久等了。
4.
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语（
即不定式动作的发出者）要与句子的主语一致。
To
improve his English, he is working hard at it.
为了提高英语，他正努力学习英语。
但是在一些句子中，
动词不定式的逻辑主语可以不与句子的主语一致，
< br>这些用法已经形
成了固定结构，在句子中做插入语或独立成分。
< br>
To tell you the truth, you are
unfit for the work.
说实在的，你不适合干这工作。
To
begin with, please allow me to introduce myself.
首先请允许我做自我介绍。
To
make a long story short, we agreed to disagree.
长话短说，我们同意各自保留不同的看法。
类似的短语还有：
to be brief
简言之
to be exact
准确地说
to be frank with you
老实对你说吧
to make a
long story short
长话短说
not to speak
of
更不用说……
not to
mention sth.
更不必说……
to make matters /things
worse
更糟糕的是……
走出误区：
1.
注意
so as to
一般不能用在句首；
2.
不定式作状语时，辨清其逻辑主语与句子的主语是否一致，除一些固定结构外，作
状语的不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语；
3.
辨清非谓语动词在句子中所做的成分，如果做目的状语，只能用不定式。
二、典例剖析
【例题
1
】
_____ the early flight, we ordered a
taxi in advance and got up
early
．
A
．
Catching
B
．
Caught
C
．
To catch
D
．
Catch
【答案】
C
【解析】句意：为了赶上
早班航班，我们提前预定了出租车，并且起得很早。本题考查非谓
语动词作状语。根据上
下文逻辑关系可知设空处为目的状语，故选
C
项。
【难度】一般
【例题
2
】
Anxiously, she took the dress out of
the package and tried it on, only _________ it
didn
’
t fit.
A. to
find
B. found
C. finding
D. having found
【答案】
A
【解析】句意：她焦急地
从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。
only +
动词不
定式，表
示意想不到的结果。这里是不定式作结果状语。
fou
nd
是过去分词，常常表示被动和完成的
含义；
finding
是现在分词，常常表示主动和进行；
h
aving found
是
-ing
的完成式，表示动作
发生在谓语动作之前。
【难度】较难
三、精题精练
1
．
Sometimes I act
as a listening ear for fellow students ______ what
is bothering them.
A. to talk over
B. talked over
C. talk over
D. having talked over
2.
—
I hope to take the computer course.
—
Good idea. ____ more about
it, visit this website.
A. To find out
B. Finding out
C. To be finding out
D. Having found out
3
．
_______
ourselves from the physical and mental
tensions
，
we each need deep
thought and inner
quietness.
freed
B. Freed
C. To
free
D. Freeing
4
．
Last night,
there were millions of people _______ the opening
ceremony live on TV.
A. watch
B. to watch
C.
watched
D. watching
5
．
the difficult maths
problem, I have consulted Professor Russell
several times.
A. Working out
B. Worked out
C. To work out
D.
Work out
6
．
_____ the fatal
accident happening again, the public suggested
that proper measures
to
avoid it.
A. To prevent; be taken
B. Prevented; should be taken
C. To prevent; should take
D. Preventing; was taken
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