-
【中文】
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测
试。
她对我说，
最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结
果的那一周时间。
我朋友说，
她可能会学着直面
坏结果。
但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然
的感觉。
孟克
(Edvard Munch)
的名画
《呐喊》
哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特
(Daniel Gilbert)
不久前在
《纽
约时报》
(New York Times)
的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的
感觉更糟。<
/p>
我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、
抽烟发泄，
并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌
1000
点，而是因为我们不
知道道指会不会下跌
──
不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折
磨人。
【英文】
A close friend of mine recently
underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing
part of the
ordeal, she said, was the
week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome
she could learn to
cope with, my friend
said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty,
that was so difficult.
'People feel
worse when something bad might occur than when
something bad will occur,' wrote
Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in
a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't
losing
sleep and sucking down Marlboros
because the Dow is going to fall another thousand
points, but
because we don't know
whether it will fall or not ─ and human beings
find uncertainty more
painful than the
things they're uncertain about.'
【中文】
一艘货轮卸货后在浩瀚的大海上返航时，
突然遭遇了可怕的风暴。
水手们惊慌失措，
经验丰
富的老船长果断地命令水手们立刻打
开货舱，往里面灌水。
“
船长是不是疯了，往船舱里灌
水只会增加船的压力，使船下沉，这不是自寻死路吗？
”
一个年轻的水手嘟哝着。
【英文】
Homeward
bound after unloading its cargo, a ship ran into a
violent storm in the middle of a vast
ocean. The seamen were thrown into a
panic. Without hesitation, the old but seasoned
captain
ordered water be poured into
the hold immediately.
own destruction
by filling water into the hold and making the ship
go down
sailor.
【中文】
看着船长严厉的脸色，
水手们还是照做了。
随着货船里的水位越升越高，
< br>随着船一寸一寸地
下沉，猛烈的狂风巨浪对船的威胁却一点一点地减少，货轮渐渐
平稳了。
【英文】
Noticing the captain's stern look, the
sailors reluctantly carried out his order. With
the water
coming up in the hold and the
ship going down inch by inch, the threatening of
the violent storm
to the ship gradually
subsided and the ship started to stablize.
【中文】
船长望着松了一口气的水手们说：
“
百
万吨的巨轮很少有被打翻的，被打翻的常常是份量轻
的小船。船在负重的时候，是最安全
的；空船时，则是最危险的。
”
【英文】
The captain
said to the relieved sailors:
ships
that sank easily. It's safest when a ship is with
load, and the most dangerous when
without.
【中文】
这就是
“
压力效应
”
。那些得过且过，没
有一点压力，做一天和尚撞一天钟的人，像风暴中没
有载货的船，往往一场人生的狂风巨
浪便会把他们打翻。
【英文】
This is called the
be
frustrated in a competitive society just like an
unloaded ship
that will turned over
easily in a
storm.
【中文】
雷曼兄弟（
Lehman Brothers
< br>）昨日公布，公司第二季度收益大增
47%
，但其股价却
大幅下
挫，
原因是投资者担心波动较大的市场和不断上升的利率
，
会中止华尔街投行近来利润大增
的趋势。
这家华尔街投行表示，公司第二季度收益为
10
亿美元，合每股收益
1.69
美元，而上年同期
的收益为
6.83
亿美元，合每股
1.13
美元。该公司固定收益产品交易业务业绩强劲，抵消了
债券承销收入大幅下降的负面影响。
【英文】
Lehman
shares dip in spite of earnings surge
Lehman Brothers yesterday reported a 47
per cent jump in second-quarter earnings but its
shares
fell sharply amid investor fears
that volatile markets and rising interest rates
could cut into Wall
Street's recent run
of blockbuster profits.
The Wall Street
bank said it earned $$1bn, or $$1.69 a share, in the
second quarter, up from $$683m,
or $$1.13
a share, a year earlier. Strong fixed-income
trading results offset a sharp drop in
debt-underwriting revenue.
【中文】
突然之间，人人都在谈论不断消失的百万富翁们。
周二，
《华尔街日报》有篇文章谈到了美国马里兰州百万富翁越来越少。现
在有消息说，英
国的百万富翁人数减少了约一半。
这并不是因为富翁们移民或是避税去了，而是个人财务状况出了问题。
<
/p>
正如过去一年中我所写的，
富人们在此次危机中遭受了重创，
原因主要是他们的投资和房地
产的价值锐减。正因为如此，百万富翁
（特别是富翁中的
“
贫困户
”
）的人数骤减。
【英文】
Suddenly
everyone is talking about disappearing
millionaires.
Tuesday there was The
Wall Street Journal talking about the vanishing
Maryland millionaires.
Now comes word
that Britain has lost about half its millionaires.
The reason isn't emigration or tax
revolts. It is personal finances.
As I
have been writing for the past year, the rich have
been hammered by this crisis, largely
because of the plunge in the value of
their investments and real estate. As
【中文】
与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，
远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。
中国的文学
正是发端于此。
不过歌谣本是人们在
生活中随兴而发的东西，
上古时代也没有保存和记载它
们的手段
，
因之也就很快湮灭，
不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断
它们的存在。
古书
中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，
但是大多出于后人的伪托，
能够断定朝代的歌谣要
< br>到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。
【英文】
Long before
the emergence of the written word, ballads,
accompanied by music and dance,and
myths, passed around by word of mouth,
were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its
origins
in these traditions. However,
ballads were what people improvised out of daily
life, and due to
lack of means to
record and preserve them in ancient times, they
quickly disappeared without
leaving
much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their
existence from ancient books, which
recorded some time-honored ballads,
though most of these are belived to be derivatives
of later
generations. Ballads in the
Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can
be dated. From this
point of view,
ancient mythology obviously has had a great
influence on Chinese literature.
【英文】
The thirty-second day out of Bombay
began inauspiciously. In the morning a sea smashed
one of
the galley doors. We dashed in
through lots of steam and found the cook very wet
and indignant
with the ship:
stove!
there, managed to
repair the door. Through that accident our dinner
was not ready till late, but it
didn''t
matter in the end because Knowles, who went to
fetch it, got knocked down by a sea and
the dinner went over the side. The
ship''s captain, looking more hard and thin-lipped
than ever,
would not notice that the
ship, asked to do too much, appeared to lose heart
altogether for the first
time since we
knew her.
【中文】
出孟
买湾之后的第
32
天开始就透着些许的不祥。清晨，海浪先是将
一扇船门砸坏。我们冒
着浓浓的雾气冲了进去，发现厨师浑身湿透，正在对这条船大发牢
骚。
它变得一天比一天
不中用了。它愣
是要想法子把我淹死在这炉灶前。
他显得异常的愤怒。我们设法
让他平静
下来，
而木工尽管被海水冲走过两次，但还是努力把门
修好。
由于发生了这一变故，我们的
晚饭直到很晚才弄好，但这
一点最终也变得无关紧要，因为前去厨房端饭菜的
Knowles
被
汹涌的波涛掀倒在地，
饭菜顺着船舷全都撒入海中。
船长脸上的表情变得愈发严峻，
双唇紧
咬。<
/p>
他全然没能意识到，
整条船由于被要求去完成许多它力所不能及的
任务，
打从我们认识
它以来，首次出现了力不从心的迹象。
【英文】
I agree to
some extent with my imaginary English reader.
American literary historians are perhaps
prone to view their own national scene
too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.
They
do over-phrase their own
literature, or certainly its minor figures. And
Americans do swing from
aggressive
overphrase of their literature to an equally
unfortunate, imitative deference. But then,
the English themselves are somewhat
insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in
fields where
they are not pre-eminent -
e.g. in painting and music -they too alternate
between boasting of native
products and
copying those of the Continent. How many English
paintings try to look as though
they
were done in Paris; how many times have we read in
articles that they really represent an
To speak of American
literature, then, is not to assert that it is
completely unlike that of Europe.
Broadly speaking, America and Europe
have kept step. At any given moment the traveler
could
find examples in both of the same
architecture, the same styles in dress, the same
books on the
shelves. Ideas have
crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and
merchandise, though sometimes
more
slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts,
etc., I intend some sort of qualification to
precede the word, for frequently the
difference between America and Europe (especially
England)
will be one of degree,
sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of
divergence is a subtle
affair, liable
to perplex the Englishman when he looks at
America. He is looking at a country
which in important senses grew out of
his own, which in several ways still resembles his
own -
and which is yet a foreign
country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt
unfamiliarities; kinship
yields to a
sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across
the street, only to discover from his
blank response that we have mistaken a
stranger for a friend.
【中文】
在某种程度上，
我赞同我那假想中的英国读者的观点。
美国文学史家或许惯于过分狭隘地看
待其本国文坛，
误将卓著当作独特。
他们确实会用过多的笔墨来渲染其本国文学，
< br>至少，对
其次要作家他们肯定会这样做。
此外，
美国人确实会走极端，
要么咄咄逼人地大肆渲染其文
学，
要么进行着同样不幸的亦步亦趋式的顶礼膜拜。
但反过
来说，
英国人自己在其文学鉴赏
中也显得有些狭隘愚陋。此外，
在他们并无上乘表现的领域
--
例如绘画与音乐，他们也会走<
/p>
极端，
不是吹嘘他们本国的作品，
就是大
肆模仿欧洲大陆的作品。
有多少幅英国绘画试图看
上去仿佛是在
巴黎完成的
;
但我们又有多少次曾在文章中读到它们真正代表着
一种
英国式
的传统
呢
?
那么，要谈论美国文学，倒
并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之，美国与
欧洲一直同步发展，
协调一致。
在任何一个特定的时刻，
旅行者
在两地均能目睹同一样式的
建筑实例，
相同款式的服饰，书架上
相同的书籍。
在大西洋两岸，
思想如同人员与货物往来
一样自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。当我提及美国式的习惯、思想等概念时，我意欲在
美国式的
这一词汇之前
加上某种限定，因为欧美
(
尤其是英美
)
之间的差异往往只是程度上
的差异而已，
并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。
差异的多寡是件极为微妙
的事务，
这极容易使一个英国人在审视美国时大惑不解。
他所审视的那个国家，
从某些重要
的意义上来说，诞
生于他自己的国家，并在某些方面仍与他自己的国家相差无几
--
然而，它
却实实在在是一个异邦。两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突
兀的陌生感
;
亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远，<
/p>
这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人
打招呼，结果却从这个
人漠无表情的反应中发现，我们原来竟然错将生人当成了熟人。
【中文】
来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，
大多非常刻苦勤奋
，
周末也往往会抽出一天甚
至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比
起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜
烟好酒，
脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，
也特
别了解亚裔学生的
心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余<
/p>
5
位均是亚裔学生。他
干脆在实验室的门
上贴一醒目招牌：
本室助研必须每周工作
7
天，早
10
时至晚
12
时，工
作时间必须全力以赴。
这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的
3
年半中，共有
14
位学生被招进他的实验室，
最后博士毕业的只剩下
5
人。
1990
年夏天，
我不顾别人劝阻，
硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
【英文】
Like
students from other Asian countries and regions,
most Chinese students who come to pursue
further education in the United States
work on their studies most diligently and
assiduously. Even
on weekends, they
would frequently spend one day, or even two days,
to work overtime in their
laboratories.
Therefore, compared with their American
counterparts, they are more academically
fruitful.
My supervisor
(advisor / tutor) is of Asian origin who is
addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a
sharp (an irritable) temper.
Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry
and the solid
foundational knowledge of
Asian students and has a particularly keen insight
into the psychology
of Asian students.
Hence, of all the students recruited by his
laboratory, except for one German,
the
rest five were all from Asia. He even put a
striking notice on the door of his lab, which
read,
12 PM. Nothing but
work during the working hours.
campus
for his severity and harshness. In the course of
the 3 and half years that I stayed there, a
total of 14 students were recruited
into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed on
until they
graduated with their Ph. D.
degrees.
In the summer of 1990,
ignoring the remonstrations (admonishments /
dissuasions) from others, I
accepted my
supervisor''s sponsorship and embarked on the
difficult journey of academic pursuit
(undertaking further studies in the
United States).
【英文】
Opera is
expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive
things are not inevitably the province
of the rich unless we abdicate
society''s power of choice. We can choose to make
opera, and other
expensive forms of
culture, accessible to those who cannot
individually pay for it. The question is:
why should we? Nobody denies the
imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and
education.
But even in a prehistoric
cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to
eat, drink or fight, but also
to draw.
The impulse towards culture, the desire to express
and explore the world through
imagination and representation is
fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found
fulfillment in the
masterpieces of our
music, art, literature and theatre. These
masterpieces are the touchstones for
all our efforts; they are the
touchstones for the possibilities to which human
thought and
imagination may aspire;
they carry the most profound messages that can be
sent from one human
to another.
【中文】
聆听歌剧，
无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会
的选择权。
我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支
付
能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗
?
没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与
教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史
前时代的洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、
喝或搏杀，
而且亦进行绘画创作。
人类对于文化的冲动，
通过形象思维
和再现手段来表现并
探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺
术、文学和戏剧杰作中
寻找到了其实现形式。
这些杰作构成了我
们全部努力的试金石。
作为试金石，
它们能衡量出
人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。
它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题，
可在人类彼此间相
互传递。
【中文】
近读报纸，
对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，
于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名
片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借
鉴之处。
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机
会。
在这种场合陌生人相识，
如果是亚
洲人，
他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，
这好像是不可缺少
的礼节。
然而，
法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，
双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一
番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，
希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出
名片。二话不说先
递名片反倒有些勉强。
法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的，
< br>名片上的字体纤细秀丽，
本人的名字也不过分突出，
整张
纸片上空白很大，
毫无拥挤不堪的
感觉。
【英文】
In reading
recent newspapers, I have come to find that people
in China have become more and
more
interested in discussing about name cards and
invitation letters. This has triggered my
reminiscences of the name cards and
invitation letters of the French people that I saw
when I was
residing in Paris. In
writing down those random reminiscences, I believe
that they might provide
some useful
information for us to learn from.
In
Paris, all the wine parties and buffet receptions
held on various occasions provide optimum
opportunities to make friends with all
varieties of people. When encountering a stranger
on such
an occasion, an Asian would
invariably hand over his name card to the newly-
met stranger with
full reverence, with
both of his hands, even before he starts to
converse with the stranger. Such an
act
seems to have become an indispensable ritual
(formality/ etiquette). By contrast, an average
Frenchman seldom takes the initiative
to (offers to / volunteers to) present his name
card. Instead,
he would simply walk
away after an exchange of routine greetings or
even some aimless (random/
casual)
chat. Only when both sides become deeply engrossed
(engaged / involved) in their
conversation and have the intention to
make further acquaintance with each other would
they offer
to give their name cards. It
would seem somehow bizarre if a French person
offers his name card
without saying
anything to the stranger in the first place. The
French tend to take extraordinary
precaution to make their name cards
simple yet elegant. Exquisitely designed and
printed, their
name cards are seldom
golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with
fragrant smells. The
letters as appear
on their name cards tend to be diminutive but
beautiful, not allowing the name of
the
card-bearer to be overly prominent/salient. The
entire card contains much empty space,
imparting no sense of over-crowdedness.
【英文】
Four months before the election day,
five men gathered in a small conference room at
the
Reagan-Bush headquarters and
reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the
remaining days of
the 1984 presidential
campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at
ten o??clock in the morning
the rest of
the office was practically deserted. Even so, the
men kept the door shut and the drapes
carefully drawn. The three principals
and their two deputies had come from around the
country for
a critical meeting. Their
aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee
Ronald Reagan??s
resounding reelection
to a second term in the White House.
It
should have been easy. These were battle-tested
veterans with long ties to Reagan and even
longer ones to the Republican party,
men who understood presidential politics as well
as any in
the country. The backdrop of
the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good
news to work with:
America was at
peace, and the nation??s economy, a key factor in
any election, was rebounding
vigorously
after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself
was lavishly financed, with plenty of
money for a topflight staff, travel,
and television commercials. And, most important,
their
candidate was Ronald Reagan, a
president of tremendous personal popularity and
dazzling
communication skills. Reagan
has succeeded more than any president since John.
F. Kennedy in
projecting a broad vision
of America -a nation of renewed military strength,
individual initiative,
and smaller
federal government.
【中文】
在离选举日还有四个月的时间，有五个人聚集在里根
-
布什总部的一个小型会议室里，翻着
看一张硕大无比的日历，日历上清晰地标识
出了
1984
年总统竞选剩下的日子。这是六月份
的最后一个星期六的上午
10
时，整幢办公楼的其他
部分几近人去楼空。即便如此，这几个
人仍将大门紧闭，
小心翼
翼地拉下窗帘。
三个主要人物及其二个副手从美国的不同地方汇聚
在一起，
召开一个殊为重要的会议。
他们的目标是构思出一种
策略，
来确保里根能再次当选，
在第二任期内再度入主白宫。<
/p>
要谋求再次当选理应轻而易举。
这是一
些久经沙场的退伍老兵，
与里根有着千丝万缕的漫长
联系，
与共和党的联系甚至更为久远。
这些人深谙总统政治，
一如他们熟知这个国家中的所
有政治事务那样。
竞选
的背景十分宜人，
可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是：
美国正置身
于太
平盛世之中
;
作为选举的一个关键
因素，整个国家的经济在步出萧条期之后正强劲反弹。此
外，
竞
选本身所筹得的款项更是不计其数。
用于支付一流水平的竞争班子工作人员工资、
进
行巡回造势、
以及制作播放电视广告的钱款
绰绰有余。
最为重要的是，
他们所推介的总统候
选人是罗纳尔德
·
里根
(Ronald Reagan)
，一位风度翩翩，魅力无穷，又极具迷人沟通技巧的
执政总统。与约翰
< br>·
F·
肯尼迪
(John F.
Kennedy)
以来的任何一位历届总统相比，里根更成功地
勾勒出了一幅广阔的关于美国未来的前景
--
美国将成了一个重
振军事雄风、民众富于个人进
取心、联邦政府更加精简高效的国家。
【英文】
约翰
·
施特劳斯的故居在一条大街上，是一座沿街的粉红色的四层楼老公寓房子。施特劳斯
曾住在这座房子二层楼上的两套房间里，
于
1886
年末到
1867
年初在这
里谱写了
《蓝色的多
瑙河》这支名曲。那时他已经
42
岁了，在维也纳音乐界中负有盛名，但只是在这支乐曲问
世以后，才奠定了他
圆舞曲之王
的地位。这座房子距多瑙河不远，步行约半个多小时，当
时还
是一片大森林，
施特劳斯常常穿过森林到河边去散步，
现在房屋
已鳞次栉比，
成为热闹
的大街了。
【中文】
The former
residence of John Strauss is situated on a big
street, inside an old pink-colored
four-story apartment building along the
street. Strauss lived in two suites on the second
floor of
this building in which he
composed from the end of 1866 to the beginning of
1867 the famous The
Blue Danube Waltz.
At that time he was already 42 years old and
enjoyed a high reputation within
the
musical circle of Vienna. However, it was not
until the composition of this melody that he
became firmly established as the King
of Waltz. The house in which he lived was not far
away
from the Danube River, which was
within the reach of half an hour''s walk. At that
time, there was
a huge forest between
the river and his house and Strauss would
frequently go through the forest
to
have a walk by the side of the river. Now the
forest has been replaced by rows and rows of
densely adjacent houses and buildings,
turning the place into noisy streets.
【英文】
Though fond of many acquaintances, I
desire an intimacy only with a few. The Man in
Black,
whom I have often mentioned, is
one whose friendship I could wish to acquire,
because he
possesses my esteem. His
manners, it is true, are tinctured with some
strange inconsistencies, and
he may be
justly termed a humorist in a nation of humorists.
Though he is generous even to
profusion, he affects to be thought a
prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his
conversation
be replete with the most
sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is dilated
with the most unbounded
love. I have
known him profess himself a man-hater, while his
cheek was glowing with
compassion; and,
while his looks were softened into pity, I have
heard him use the language of the
most
unbounded ill-nature. Some affect humanity and
tenderness, others boast of having such
dispositions from Nature; but he is the
only man I ever knew who seemed ashamed of his
natural
benevolence. He takes as much
pains to hide his feelings, as any hypocrite would
to conceal his
indifference; but on
every unguarded moment the mask drops off, and
reveals him to the most
superficial
observer.
【中文】
尽管
我喜欢广交朋友，
但我只愿与为数不多的几人成为至交。
我所提
及的那位黑衣男士，
就
是那样一个我希冀与其成为莫逆之交的人
，
因为他深得我的景仰。
诚然，
其行为
举止不乏某
些怪异的出尔反尔，
他全然可被称为幽默家王国中的
幽默大师。
虽然他慷慨大方，
乃至奢靡
无度，
但他仍假惺惺地希望人们将其视作节俭与审慎之奇才。
尽
管其言谈之中满是污秽和自
私的格言，其内心却充盈着最博大无际的爱心。据我所知，他
常宣称自己是人类憎恶者
;
然
而，
他的脸庞上却总漾溢着怜悯之情。
虽然其神情会柔化为一片慈悲，<
/p>
我却听到过他使用最
为恶劣的言辞，
其恶
劣程度可谓无以复加。
有些人佯装人道与柔情，
也有一些人则夸
耀说这
样的秉性乃天性使然。
但在我所有认识的人当中，
唯有他似乎羞耻于其与生俱有的慈悲之心。
他会竭力掩饰其真情，
一如任何一个伪君子会掩饰其冷漠那样。
然则，
在每一个毫无防范的
瞬间，那戴着的假面具便会脱落下来，使其毕露于哪怕是最为肤
浅的观察者。
【中文】
加拿大的温哥华
1986
年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港
兴
市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华
，成
为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞
吐量达
到
8
，
000
万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
温哥华
(Vancouver)
的辉煌
是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大
地广人稀，国土面积比中
国还大，人口却不足
3000
万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期
奉行
的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短
而已。
温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。
现今
180
万温哥华居民中，
有一半不是在本地<
/p>
出生的，每
4
个居民中就有一个是亚洲人
。而
25
万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的
作用。
他们其中有一半是近
5
年才来到温哥华地区的，
使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人
聚居地。
【英文】
In 1986, Vancouver, Canada, just marked
its centennial anniversary, but the achievements
made
by the city in its urban
development have already captured worldwide
attention. To build up a city
and model
its economy on the basis of a harbor is the usual
practice that port cities resort to for
their existence and development. After
a century''s construction and development,
Vancouver,
which boasts of a naturally-
formed ice-free harbor, has become an
internationally celebrated port
city,
operating regular ocean liners with Asia, Oceania,
Europe and Latin America. Its annual
cargo-handling capacity reaches 80
million tons, with one third of the city''s
employed population
engaged in trade
and transportation business.
The
glorious achievements of Vancouver is the
crystallization (fruition) of the wisdom
(intelligence) and the industry of the
Vancouver people as a whole, including the
contributions
made by a diversity of
ethnic minorities. Canada is a large country with
a small population.
Although its
territory is bigger than that of China, it only
has a population of less than 30 million
people. Consequently, to attract and to
accept foreign immigrants have become a national
policy
long observed by Canada. It can
be safely asserted that, except for Indians, all
Canadian citizens
are foreign
immigrants, differing only in the length of time
they have settled in Canada.
Vancouver,
in particular, is one of the few most celebrated
multi-ethnic cities in the world. At
present, among the 1.8 million
Vancouver residents, half of them are not native-
born and one out
of every four
residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there
have played a decisive role in
facilitating the transformation of the
Vancouver economy. Half of them have come to
settle in
Vancouver only over the past
five years, making Vancouver the largest area
outside Asia where
the Chinese
concentrate.
【英文】
In some
societies people want children for what might be
called familial reasons: to extend the
family line or the family name, to
propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper
functioning of
religious rituals
involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin
in the modern, secularized
society but
they have been and are powerful indeed in other
places.
In addition, one class of
family reasons shares a border with the following
category, namely,
having children in
order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold
the husband or occupy the
wife; to
repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the
number of children on the assumption
that family happiness lies that way.
The point is underlined by its converse: in some
societies the
failure to bear children
(or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready
cause for divorce.
Beyond all that is
the profound significance of children to the very
institution of the family itself.
To
many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a
proper family -they need children to
enrich the circle, to validate its
family character, to gather the redemptive
influence of offspring.
Children need
the family, but the family seems also to need
children, as the social institution
uniquely available, at least in
principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and
direction in a
changing, often hostile,
world. To most people, such a home base, in the
literal sense, needs more
than one
person for sustenance and in generational
extension.
【中文】
在
某些社会中，
人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，
光宗耀祖，
博取祖辈
的欢心，
使那
些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。
此类原因在现代世俗化
的社会中似显苍白，
但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的
理由。
此外，
有
一类家庭原因与下列类
别不无共通之处，
这便是：
生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻：<
/p>
能拴住
丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事
;
修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力
;
多子
多孙，以为家庭幸福，
惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在某些社会中，
无法生儿育女
(
或无法生
育男孩
)
于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁，并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的
(
或现成的
)
缘由。
除了所有这一切以外，
还有一个原因
，
那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义。
对许多
人来说，
夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭
--
夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人
小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家
庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
孩子需要家庭，<
/p>
但家庭似乎也需要孩子。
作为一种社会体制，
家庭以其特有的方式，至少从
原则上说，
可在一个变幻莫测
、
常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、
慰藉、保<
/p>
障，以及价值取向。于大多数人而言，这样的一个家庭基础，即使从其表层意义上来讲，也
需要不至一个人来维持其存在，并使其世代相传，生生不息。
【英文】
The Reagan administration''s most
serious foreign policy problem surfaced near the
end of the
president''s second term. In
1987 Americans learned that the administration had
secretly sold arms
to Iran in an
attempt to win freedom for American hostages held
in Lebanon by radical
organizations
controlled by Iran''s Khomeini government.
Investigation also revealed that funds
from the arms sales had been diverted
to the Nicaraguan contras during a period when
Congress
had prohibited such military
aid.
The ensuing Iran-contra hearings
before a joint House-Senate committee examined
issues of
possible illegality as well
as the broader question of defining American
foreign policy interests in
the Middle
East and Central America. In a larger sense, the
Iran-contra hearings, like the
celebrated Senate Watergate hearings 14
years earlier, addressed fundamental questions
about the
government''s accountability
to the public, and the proper balance between the
executive and
legislative branches of
government.
【中文】
里根政府最严重的对外政策问题在总统第二任期行将结束之际浮出水面。
1987
年，美国人
得知里根政府曾秘密向伊朗出售武器，
试图为那些美国人质换取人身自由，
这些人质被伊朗
霍梅尼
政府所控制的激进组织囚禁于黎巴嫩。
此外，
调查也披露，
这些武器交易中所得的款
项被转移到尼加拉瓜反政府武装组织的手里
，
但在这一时期，
美国国会早已禁止此类性质的
军事援助。
随后所举行的参众两院联合委员会的有关
伊朗
-
反政府
武装组织事件
听证会审议了有可能
存在
的非法问题，以及对美国在中东和中美洲对外政策利益进行界定这一更为广泛的问题。
从
某种较为宽泛的意义上说，有关
伊朗
-
反政府武装组织事件
的听证会，犹如<
/p>
14
年前著名
的参议员水门事件听证会那
样，
所涉及到的都是某些根本性问题，
即政府应如何向公众负责
，
以及政府行政与立法部门之间如何才能达成某种恰如其分的平衡。
【中文】
科学就是探求真理。在探求
真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。
常常有这样的情形：由于
研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现
横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同
的情况，以至引起学术上的争
论。因此，有作为的科学
工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，
把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。
正如
歌德所说，
我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思
想获得丰产。
这都是因为，
赞同的意见
未必正确，
反对的意见未必错误。
退一步说，
< br>即使错误的反对意见，
对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。
【英文】
Science
means the exploration of truth. In the process of
exploring truth, people will have to
experience tremendous hardships and
difficulties before they can come to understand
the objective
laws. It is often the
case that the differences in the research
perspectives, the materials mastered,
and the ways of understanding would
lead to totally different results-as we might say,
becomes a hill when viewed horizontally
and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes
totally different shapes when viewed
from a short or a long distance, or from a high or
a low
position.
opposing
arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take
others'' criticism of him as the most
precious friendship that he can ever
obtain. In Gothe''s words,
favor of.
However, only what we are opposed to can enrich
our thoughts.
approving opinions are not
necessarily justified while the opposing arguments
are not necessarily
unfounded. To put
it in the least way, even the opposing arguments
that are mistaken will be
immensely
beneficial to one''s own scientific research.
【英文】
Although the American economy has
transformed itself over the years, certain issues
have
persisted since the early days of
the republic. One is the continuing debate over
the proper role for
government in what
is basically a marketplace economy. An economy
based on free enterprise is
generally
characterized by private ownership and initiative,
with a relative absence of government
involvement. However, government
intervention has been found necessary from time to
time to
ensure that economic
opportunities are fair and accessible to the
people, to prevent flagrant abuses,
to
dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.
Ever since colonial times, the
government has been involved, to some extent, in
economic
decision-making. The federal
government, for example, has made huge investments
in
infrastructure, and it has provided
social welfare programs that the private sector
was unable or
unwilling to provide. In
a myriad of ways and over many decades, the
government has supported
and promoted
the development of agriculture.
【中文】
虽然美国经济在过去几年中
已实现了转型，但某些问题自美国建国之初以来一直持续至今，
依然悬而未决。
其中之一便是围绕着政府在一个基本上属于市场性质的经济中的恰当角色所
展开的持久争论。以自由企业为基础的经济体制，其普遍特征便是私有制和个人创新精神，
政府介入应相对微弱。然而，人们发现，
政府的干预时不时地也是必要的，
以确保经济机会
人人均等，
能为全部民众所获得
，并防范肆无忌惮的权力滥用，平抑通货膨胀，刺激经济增
长。自殖民地时期以来，
美国政府或多或少地参与到经济决策中来。例如，
联邦政府曾在基<
/p>
础设施方面进行过巨额投资，
它也提供了私营业主们没有能力或不
愿意提供的社会福利项目。
在过去数十年中，政府也以无数的方式支持并促进农业发展。
【中文】
世界上第一代博物馆属于自
然博物馆，
它是通过化石、
标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的
演化历史。
第二代属于工业技术博物馆，
它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。
这
两代博物馆
虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。
在这里，
观众可以自己去动手操作，
自己细
心体察。这样，他们
可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科
技馆正是这样的博物馆
!
它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处
，设计制作了力学、
光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进
的科技成果。
【英文】
The first generation of museums are
what might be called natural museums which, by
means of
fossils, specimens and other
objects, introduced to people the evolutionary
history of the Earth and
various kinds
of organisms. The second generation are those of
industrial technologies which
presented
the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at
different stages of industrialization.
Despite the fact that those two
generations of museums helped to disseminate /
propagate / spread
scientific
knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors
merely as passive viewers.
The third
generation of museums in the world are those
replete with / full of wholly novel
concepts / notions / ideas. In those
museums, visitors are allowed to operate the
exhibits with their
own hands, to
observe and to experience carefully. By getting
closer to the advanced science and
technologies in this way, people can
probe into their secret mysteries.
The
China Museum of Science and Technology is
precisely one of such museums. It has
incorporated some of the most
fascinating features of those museums with
international reputation.
Having
designed and created exhibits in mechanics,
optics, electrical science, thermology,
acoustics, and biology. Those exhibits
demonstrate scientific principles and present the
most
advanced scientific and
technological achievements.
【英文】
If people mean anything at all by the
expression
deaths run on a better
schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely
called untimely---a long life
is
thought to be a full one. But with the passing of
a young person, one assumes that the best years
lay ahead and the measure of that life
was still to be taken.
History denies
this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths,
one recalls those of Marilyn
Monroe and
James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and
complete. Writers cannot bear the
fact
that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half
playfully judge their own lives as failures when
they pass that year. The idea that the
life cut short is unfilled is illogical because
lives are
measured by the impressions
they leave on the world and by their intensity and
virtue.
【中文】
如果人们
藉
“
英年早逝
”
这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，
他们必然相信某些人的辞世可
< br>以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则
“
死不逢时
”
。死于年迈很少被冠以
“
死不逢时
”
之名，因为
能度过漫长的
一生被认为是甚为圆满的。
反之，
如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之
死，
人们会以
为这位年轻人风华正茂，前途无可限量，生命的倒
计时尚未真正开始。
当然，历史否定这一切。在诸多较为著名
的
“
英年早逝
”
的情形中，我们会忆起玛丽莲
.
梦露
与詹姆斯
.
迪恩斯之死，
其生命并不因
其短暂而有损其圆满。
对于约翰
.
济慈
年方
26
便溘然长
逝这一事实，
文人墨客们皆痛不欲生，
但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为，
设若他们也死于这
一年龄，其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满，这一
观念有悖于逻辑，
因为衡量生命的
尺度乃是留给世界的印记，是
生命的力度及其美德。
【中文】
近代的上海，十里洋场，<
/p>
自开埠以来，固然有许多辛酸的不平等的血泪史，
固然有许多污泥
浊水，这里被称为是
冒险家的乐园
，这里有鸦片，有荡妇，有赌棍，使人纸醉金迷，乃至
使人堕落。
可是，
上海这座近代大城市却更有它的另
一面，
它有活力、
它聪慧、
革新、
进取，
它敢于担风险，
有竞争意识及机制，
这种城市意识或风格，
使人奋发，
跟上
时代，
走向进步。
【英文】
In the
contemporary period, Shanghai as a metropolis
infested by foreign adventurers has indeed
recorded, since the opening of its
commercial port, a bitter, blood-and-tear history
of many
miseries and inequalities.
Referred to as the Paradise of Adventurers,
Shanghai was indeed home
to
place that made people indulge in
luxury and dissipation and given to sensuous
pleasures, even
inducing people to
become degenerate. However, there is a different
and more important picture
of Shanghai
as a modern metropolis. It has been full of
vitality and vigor, displaying its unique
intelligence and wisdom, characterized
by an innovative and enterprising spirit. It has
the courage
to assume risks and is in
possession of both the awareness and the mechanism
of competition.
Such a metropolitan
mentality or style inspires its residents,
encouraging them to keep abreast
with
the changing epochs and to make efforts toward
greater progress.
【英文】
Michael
Jordan, a basketball player in whom commentators
have discerned aristocratic qualities
and supernatural powers, has retired
from the game that made him one of the worlds''
best known
and best paid sportsmen.
Last week''s announcement was premature
by most people''s measurement - Jordan is 30 and
at the
height of his playing and
earning power - but it was not, by his own
account, taken hastily, or
rashly.
After three championships with the
Chicago Bulls, a second gold medal with the US
team at the
1992 Olympics, Jordan felt
his motivation slipping away.
thronged
press conference.
But this explanation
may appear too simple to satisfy the skeptics, who
have recently discovered
that Jordan
does not lead an untroubled private life. First
came the allegations that he gambled - in
a country where gambling is mostly
illegal - and that his gambling was out of
control. Then his
father was shot dead
on July 23.
【中文】
迈克尔
.
乔丹，一位被评论家们誉为有着贵族气质和超凡才华的
篮球运动员，已经从篮坛隐
退。而正是篮球这项运动，使其成为世界上最为著名和报酬最
为丰厚的运动员之一。
依照大多数人的衡量标准，上周的宣布
显得为时过早，因为乔丹刚年届
30
，正处在其运动
生涯和赚钱本领之颠峰。
但按他自己的说法，
他作
出这一决定，既非一时冲动，亦非出于鲁
莽。
“
这于我而言
--
”
他说道，带
着一种罕见的吞吞吐吐，
“
是淡出体坛的绝佳时机。
”
在随芝加哥公牛队赢取了三次冠军，并随美国
队在
1992
年奥运会上再夺金牌之后，乔丹觉
得他的行为动机正在悄然消逝。
“
我已攀至我事业的顶
峰
”
，
他在一个人满为患的记者招待会
上告诉大家，
“
我真的觉得我已经没有
什么别的东西好去证明的了。
”
但此
番解释对于那些持怀疑态度的人来说显得过于简单，
无法令人置信。
这些怀疑论调者最
近发现，乔丹并非过着一种风平浪静的个人生活。首先传出的是他
进行赌博的传言
--
在一个
赌博很大程
度上为非法的国家里，
并且，
他的赌博已到了无法收拾的地步。
其次是他的父亲
于
7
< br>月
23
日被人枪杀身亡。
【中文】
大自然对人的恩赐，
无论贫富，
一律平等。
所以人们对于大自然，
全都一致并深深地依赖着。
尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不
变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，
喂牛
和挤奶，
锄草和栽花
;
在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、
跳舞和唱歌
;
往日的
田园依旧是今日的
温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。
【英文】
Equal are
the generous gifts granted/distributed (endowed)
by Nature to (on) all human
individuals, whether they are wealthy
or impoverished (be they wealthy or impoverished).
Therefore, all human individuals have
become unanimously and profoundly indebted to
(obliged
to, attached to, dependent on)
Nature. This is particularly true in rural areas
where ways of life
have remained intact
and unchanged for people for thousands of years-
sowing crops and grapes,
brewing and
drinking wines, grazing and milking cows, hoeing
grasses and planting flower-trees,
going to churches for religious prayers
and services on weekends, playing musical
instruments,
dancing and singing on
squares. The fields in former times are still
their present-day homes
glowing with
human warmth. In such a way, each locality has
evolved its own unique folk tales
and
has transmitted its distinctive habits and
customs.
【英文】
The word
do not mean one who makes someone else
lose. To us, a winner is one who responds
authentically
by being credible,
trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an
individual and as a member of
a
society.
Winners do not dedicate their
lives to a concept of what they imagine they
should be; rather, they
are themselves
and as such do not use their energy putting on a
performance, maintaining pretence,
and
manipulating others. They are aware that there is
a difference between being loving and acting
loving, between being stupid and acting
stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting
knowledgeable. Winners do not need to
hide behind a mask.
Winners are not
afraid to do their own thinking and to use their
own knowledge. They can
separate facts
from opinions and don''t pretend to have all the
answers. They listen to others,
evaluate what they say, but come to
their own conclusions. Although winners can admire
and
respect other people, they are not
totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by
them.
Winners do not play
responsibility for their own lives.
【中文】
“
胜者
”
与
“
败
者
”
这两个字眼含有众多的意思。
当我
们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一
个致使他人一败涂地的人。
对我们来说，
胜者乃这样一位君子，
他无论是作为一个个人
抑或
是作为社会的一份子，一切反应均能由衷而发，做到诚信，可靠，乐善好施，且绝不
伪善。
胜者不会穷其毕生之精力，
去
拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道；
相反，
他们会保持其真我<
/p>
本色，
并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，
他们不会耗费精力来装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡
的姿态，或去操纵他人。
他们深知，
在爱戴他人和装作爱戴他人之间，
在愚顽
不化和大智若
愚之间，
在学识渊博和佯装学富五车之间，
实质上存在着天壤之别。
胜者断无必要去藏匿于
面具背后。
胜者无畏于独立的思维和运用其自己的知识。<
/p>
他们能够在事实与舆论之间明辨是非，
不会僭
称自己无所不晓。
他们会倾听他人的见解，
对他人所言作出
鉴别，
而最终所得出的却是其自
己的结论。
虽然胜者可能会钦佩并敬重他人，
但他们不会受制于他人，
惧悚于他人，为他人
所囿，或被他人所摧垮。
胜者绝不耍
“
凄惨无助
”
之把戏，也决不玩
“
委过于人
”
之游戏。相反，他们会毅然肩负起对
自身人生的
责任
(
忍辱负重，无怨亦无悔
)
。
【中文】
中国将坚定不移地奉行独立
自主的和平外交政策，
继续加强同发展中国家的团结合作，
同它
们一道维护发展中国家正当合理的权益。
同时，
我们要进一步致力于稳定周边、
巩固睦邻友
好。
我们还将不断地充实与各个大国已经建立或正在建立的未来关系框架的内涵。
< br>我们将更
积极地参与国际事务和各种多边外交活动，
坚决
反对霸权主义、
强权政治，
推动在世界上建
立公平合理、平等互利的国际政治、经济新秩序。
【英文】
China will
unswervingly observe the independent and peaceful
foreign policy. It will continue to
reinforce its solidarity and
cooperation with the developing countries in the
world and, together
with them, to
safeguard the just and reasonable rights of the
developing countries. At the same
time,
we will be further committed to stabilizing our
peripheral areas and to consolidating the
harmonious friendship with our
neighboring countries. We will also make continued
efforts to
enrich the implications of
the framework of the future relations that have
been established or that
are being
established with all the major countries of the
world. We will take more positive steps to
participate in international affairs
and in various kinds of multilateral diplomatic
activities. China
will remain firm in
its opposition to hegemonism, power politics and
will endeavor to promote the
establishment of a new international
political and economic order that is fair,
reasonable, equal
and reciprocally
beneficial.
【英文】
The most
sensible people to be met with in society are men
of business and of the world, who
argue
from what they see and know, instead of spinning
cobweb distinctions of what things ought
to be. Women have often more of what is
called good sense than men. They have fewer
pretensions; are less implicated in
theories; and judge of objects more from their
immediate and
involuntary impression on
the mind, and, therefore, more truly and
naturally. They cannot reason
wrong;
for they do not reason at all. They do not think
or speak by rule; and they have in general
more eloquence and wit as well as
sense, on that account. By their wit, sense, and
eloquence
together, they generally
contrive to govern their husbands. Their style,
when they write to their
friends, is
better than that of most authors. - Uneducated
people have most exuberance of
invention.
【中文】
<
/p>
在这个社会上，
所能碰见的最为贤达的人士乃商人及饱经世事沧桑
者。
其言谈，
其论点全然
基于其所见所
知，
而不会去编织某些迂腐的区分，
以设定事物理应如何如何。
女士们往往要
比男士们更富于所谓的
<
/p>
见识
。她们不那么自命不凡，不那么惯于
纠缠于理论，在对事物形
成判断时更多地凭藉这些事物在其头脑中所烙下的直接和不自觉
的印象，
因而会来得更为真
实，更为自然。
她们绝不犯任何逻辑错误，因为她们从不进行任何的逻辑推理。她们的所思
所言决不
受制于任何条条框框，
正因为如此，
总体而言她们不仅更具见识
，
而且更机智，更
能言善辩。
凭借其机
智、
其见识、
其如簧巧舌这三件利器，
她们大都会图谋主宰她们的丈夫。
她们在给朋友写信时，其文笔之雅致与绝大多数作家相
比均有过之而无不及。
--
未受教育者
最富于创造。
【中文】
乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他
另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜
爱垂钓，
他说，
“
有水有鱼的地方大都
是有好环境的，
好环境便会给人好心情。
我认为最好的钓鱼场所
不是舒适的、
给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，
而是那极其有吸引力的
大自
然野外天成的场所。
”
钓鱼是一
项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：
“
钓鱼
可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼
;
第二阶段
是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之
;
第三阶段主要是钓趣，面
对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。
”
【英文】
The general public might be well-
acquainted with the songs composed by Qiao Yu, but
they might
actually know very little
about his two major hobbies-fishing and wine-
drinking.
In his later years (Late in
his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing
(developed a
penchant / special
fondness for fishing). He asserts:
must
necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which
in return keeps people in good mood. I
believe that the optimum fishing places
are not those commercial fishing centers/resorts
which
provide the fishermen with all
the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry
for ready capture,
but those naturally-
formed places in the wilderness which exert a
special appeal.
him, fishing can
constitute an activity conducive to the
cultivation of one''s temperament and to
one''s health, at once physical and
psychological. Qiao Yu claims:
three
stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-
eating; the second a combination of fish-eating
and the pleasure (enjoyment) of
fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of
fishing when,
confronted with a pond of
clear water, one puts aside all his troubling
vexations and annoyances
and enjoys the
total relaxation both mentally and
physically.
【英文】
Possession
for its own sake or in competition with the rest
of the neighborhood would have been
Thoreau''s idea of the low levels. The
active discipline of heightening one''s perception
of what is
enduring in nature would
have been his idea of the high. What he saved from
the low was time
and effort he could
spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved
of starvation, but he would
put into
feeding himself only as much effort as would keep
him functioning for more important
efforts.
Effort is the gist
of it. There is no happiness except as we take on
life-engaging difficulties. Short
of
the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction
we get from a lifetime depends on how high we
choose our difficulties. Robert Frost
was thinking in something like the same terms when
he spoke
of
fact that it
purports to be effortless.
We demand
difficulty even in our games. We demand it because
without difficulty there can be no
game. A game is a way of making
something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the
game are an
arbitrary imposition of
difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always
does so by refusing to
play by the
rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are
free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly
arbitrary rules, but the fun is in
winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.
【中文】
梭罗所理解的
低层次
，即为了拥有而去拥
有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目
中的
高层次
，
则是这样一种积
极的人生戒律，
即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完
美。
对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，
他可将其致力于对高
层次的追求。
勿庸置疑，
梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，
但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，
只要可确保他能去从事更
为重要的事务，他便别无所求。
殚精竭虑，
全力以赴，
便是其精髓所在。
除非我们愿意
直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难
困苦，
否则便不会有幸福可
言。
正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获
取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特
·
弗罗斯
特言及
以苦
为乐
时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福
观，其致命的
缺陷就在于这样一个事实，即它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力
。
即便于游戏之中，我们也需要有艰难困苦。我们之所以需要
它，因为设若没有困难，便断无
游戏可言。
游戏即是这样一种方
式，
为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易
举。
游戏中的种种规则，
便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时，
他总是因
为拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋
;
如果你随心所欲、心血来潮地去更改那些全然
武断的游戏规
则，
这样去赢棋当然会更加容易。
但下棋的情趣则在于，
应在规则的限定范围
内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。
【中文】
比
“
文明
”
这个词还用得更不确切、更加
无拘无束的词简直寥寥无几。文明是什么意思
?
它意
指一个建立在平民百姓舆论基础上的社会。它意味着暴力、武士和暴君的统治、战争冲突、
暴动暴政为立法议会所取代，
被法律得以长期维护的独立法庭所代替。<
/p>
这就是文明，
在文明
的土壤里，
自由、舒适和文化不断发展壮大。
如果文明在任何一个国家里占了支配地
位，那
么便可给人民群众提供一种更加宽松的较为平静的生活，
过去的传统则受人珍重，
英明伟人
或勇士们留给我们的遗产则成
为咱们大家共同享用的丰富的财产。
【英文】
There are
few words which are used more loosely than the
wo
rd ?civilization?. What does it mean?
It means a society based upon the
opinion of civilians. It means that
violence
，
the
rule of warriors
and despotic
chiefs
，
the
conditions of camps and
warfare
，
of riot
and tyranny
，
give
place to
parliaments where laws are
made
，
and
independent courts of justice in which over long
periods
those laws are maintained. That
is Civilization -and in its soil grow continually
freedom
，
comfort
and culture. When Civilization reigns
in any country
，
a
wider and less harassed life is afforded to
the masses of the
people
，
the
traditions of the past are
cherished
，
and
the inheritance bequeathed
to us by
former wise or valiant men becomes a rich estate
to be enjoyed and used by all.
【中文】
朱红的帽结子发着光，
青缎小帽发着光，
帽檐上的一颗大珍珠发
着光，
二蓝团龙缎面的灰鼠
袍子发着光，米色缎子坎肩发着光，
雪青的褡包在身后发着光，粉底官靴发着光。
众人把彩
虹挡住，请安的请安，问候的问候，
这才看清一张眉清目秀的圆胖白洁的
脸，与漆黑含笑的
一双眼珠，
也都发着光，
听不清楚他说了些什么，
虽然他的嗓音很清亮。他的话每每被他的
< br>哈哈与啊啊啊扰乱；雪白的牙齿一闪一闪地发着光。
【英文】
The
vermillion button on its cap was
dazzling
，
the
blue satin cap itself was
dazzling
，
the
giant
pearl on the brim of the cap was
dazzling
，
the
long gown of light blue satin embroidered with
intertwined dragons and lined with
squirrel fur was dazzling
，
the cream-colored satin sleeveless
jacket was
dazzling
，
the
lilac cummerbund was dazzling. and its officials
boots with their painted
white soles
were dazzling
，
too. Only after everyone crowded around
this rainbow
，
offered it
their greetings
and enquired its health
，
could it be observed that its
handsome
，
clean-cut round
white face and its coal-black eyes full
of mirth wer
e also dazzling. One
couldn?t make out what
this rainbow was
saying even though its voice was very clear. Since
it was constantly interrupting
its.
speech with a
，
one could see
that its snow-white teeth were dazzling
too.