-
2019
年中考真题英语分项汇编
（一）
【
2019
?
重庆市中考
A
卷】
Fights at
school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away
from a fight? Here’s something you can
do.
Be
calm(
冷静
). Sometimes, you
feel so angry that you really want to teach
somebody a lesson. But being angry
can’t
s
olve
problems.
Neither
can
a
fight.
Instead,
it
may
bring
you
more
problems.
In
the
school,
everyone
involved(
卷入
) in a
fight will be punished, no matter who started it.
There are winners in a fight.
Shout
loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind
you to attack, turn toward the person with your
hands
up in front of your body and
loudly say
＂
stop
＂
before walking away. Loud voice can
usually make the attacker
calm down. If
the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling
out the name of a teacher whose o
ffice
is nearby.
____ Your friend may ask you
to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him
fight is not really helpful to him. If
you really want to give him a hand, try
to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him
if he gets involved in a fight, he
may
get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why
he wants a fight and help him find a right way to
deal with the
problem.
1.
The underlined word
＂
attack<
/p>
＂
in Paragraph 3
means
＂
_________
＂
in Chinese.
A.
拥抱
B.
攻击
C.
阻止
D.
吸引
2. Which of
the following sentences can be put in the
_________?
A. Face bravely.
C. Learn to refuse.
3. The
passage is written to _________.
A.
help students keep away from fights
C.
advise students to help each other
B.
warn students not to fight
D. encourage
students to work hard
B. Join in a
fight.
D. Talk to someone.
4. The passage is written in a/an
_________ tone(
语气
).
A. sad
B. angry
C. serious
D. crazy
< br>【文章大意】本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先
要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝
并劝说不
要打架。
1.
B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子
Loud voice
can usually make the attacker calm down.
大的声音通常能使攻
attacker
是名词＂攻击者＂的
意思。
击者平静下来。
去掉
-er
就是动词＂攻击＂。
句子
If you
know someone
is coming up behind you to
attack, turn toward the person with your hands up
in front of your body and loudly
say
＂
stop
＂
before
walking
away.
中的
attack
是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击
你，那么在你离
开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说＂停＂。因此单词
attack
，是＂攻
击＂的意思。故选
B
。
2.
C
【解析】细节理解题。
A. Face bravely.
勇敢地面对。
B. Join in a fight.
参加打架。
C. Learn to refuse.
学
D. Talk to someone.
和某人交谈。
根据
Your
friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to
say no.
着拒绝。
Helping him
fight is not really helpful to him.
你的朋
友可能会要求你参加一场打架。
你要学会说＂不＂。
帮助他打架
可能对他没有真正的帮助。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选
C
< br>。
3. A
【解析】
主旨大意题。
根据
Fights at
schoo
l sometimes happen. But how can
you keep away from a fight? Here’s
something
you
can
do.
学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？这是你
能做的。可知，本文主
要介绍了如何帮助学生远离打架。故选
A
。
4.
C
A. sad
悲哀的；
B.
angry
生气的；
C.
serious
严肃的；
D. crazy
疯狂的。
【解析】
推理判断题。
根
据
Be
calm(
冷
静
).
、
Shout
loudly.
和
Learn to refuse.
可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃
的。故选
C
。
【点睛】
词义猜测题是阅读理解中常
见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人
称代词的指代内
容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析
和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：
(1)
利用上下文语境。猜测任
何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对
需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
(2)
利用定义或解释性的线索。阅
读文章中的有些生词往往在其
后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义
较容易
(3)
利用文章的逻辑关系答
题。如并列、
对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达
出来，如
but,
or,
however,
so,
beca
use
等。
(4)
利用构词法知识答题
。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助
我们猜测词义。第
1
小题的词义猜测题就是利用第
1
种解题方法。
（二）
【
2019
?
浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】
In the park, you see a
group of people, all looking up at the sky.
Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too.
Why? In the concert, someone begins to
clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do,
too. Why?
Sometimes we feel we are
acting correctly when we do the same as others.
The more people follow an idea, the
better or truer we think the idea is.
It’s the social proof(
社会认同感
)
that works.
The scientist Asch carried
out an experiment. It shows how social proof can
influence us. In a room, a man is
shown
Line 1, and next to it are three lines(A, B, C). A
is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line
1. He must tell
which of the three
lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone,
he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other
man enter the room, and each of them
gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the
man changes his idea and
gives the
answer C. Asch got the same result many times
among different
subjects(
实验对象
).
Why do we act like this? Well, in the
past, following others was a way to keep away from
danger. Suppose that
5000 years ago
you were
hunting(
打猎
) with friends.
Suddenly, they all ran away.
What would
you have done?
Would you have stayed?
No, you would have run, too. We are
descendants(
后代
) of those who
copied others’ action.
It is so deeply
planted in our mind that we still use it now.
Social
proof has
special
power.
The advertising
industry,
for
example,
often
makes
use
of
it. So
be
careful
whenever a company
says its product is
＂
the
most popular
＂
.
5.
At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads
in the topic by _________.
A. telling a
story
C. answering questions
B. giving examples
D.
showing a map
6. According to Paragraph
3, the experiment by Asch shows _________.
A. following others is always right
B.
social proof may change
people’s ideas
C.
it’s difficult to carry out the
experiment
D. people can
study better if they are alone
7. The
underlined word
＂
It
＂
in Paragraph 4 refers to _________.
A. running with others
B.
hunting with friends
C.
copying others’ action
D. doing something different
8. According to the passage, we can
infer(
推断
) that _________.
A.
it’s important to run
with others anytime
B.
products in the advertisement are the best
C.
we mustn’t copy others’
action to keep safe
D. we
need to think twice before following others
【文章大意】本文主要通过一些社会现象以及科学家做的实验，告诉大家不要盲目随波逐流。
5. B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可
知，分别讲了在公园和在音乐会上的两种现象——别人抬头看天空
你也会不自觉地看天空
，别人在音乐会上鼓掌，不一会儿整个屋子的人都会跟着鼓掌。通过这两个例
子引出本文
主题，故答案选
B
。
6. B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第
3
段中的信息
It shows how social
proof can influence us.
它说明了社会
认同感是如何影响我们的；故答案选
B
。
< br>
7.
C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文
We are
descendants(
后代
) of those who
copied others’ action.
我们是那些
复制他人行为的人的后代。
结合本句
It is so
deeply planted in our mind
它深深的植入了我们的思想中
，
＂
它＂指的就是复制其他人的行为这件事；故答案选
C
。
8. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章我们可以推断，在追随其他人之前，我们需要再三考虑
.
恰巧这也是整
篇文章的主旨，不要盲目随波
逐流。故答案选
D
。
（三）
【
2019
?
浙江省衢州市】
Texting
while
driving
is
against
the
law
in
47
states.
But
what
about
texting
while
walking?
A 2018
study
reported that more
than 2, 500 people in the US ended up in hospitals
resulting from using a mobile
device(
设备
)
while
walking.
Hawaii passed a law making it
illegal(
违法的
) to text or look
down at a mobile device while crossing the street.
It is the first state with a law like
this. Do people think more places should accept
such a law? The LA Times did a
survey.
Here are some replies they received.
Rena Jose, 2, New York
Which is more important, texting or
safety? If you are looking at your phone while
walking, you might not see a
car come
or traffic lights turn red. It can be very
dangerous. For example, in Japan, one person fell
into a lake and
another
got
her
leg
stuck
in
a
hole,
because
both
had
their
mind
on
their phone. We
should
make
texting
while
crossing the street
illegal in more cities.
Andy Selvam,
55, California
People do
many things that cause injury to themselves but
are not illegal, such as climbing mountains,
driving
cars, swimming and so on.
People might get hurt from texting and walking if
they’re not paying attention. But I still
think they should have a choice.
Bob Madigan, 45, Oregon
As
humans, we can make our own decisions. I’m not
saying it’s safe, but we don’t need the government
to
babysit us. If we want to learn to
make smart decisions, the government needs to stop
telling us what to do. After all,
this
is a free country.
Andrew Black, 34,
Alaska
This law is a good
idea
—
compare this protection
with seat belts. If this law is passed all over
US, people will be
worried. But is
there really a way to please everyone? This would
not be for fun. It would be safe and good for all
Americans.
9. According to
the passage, in _________, it is against the law
if people text while crossing the street.
A. Alaska
B. California
C. Hawaii
D. New York
10. The LA Times did the survey most
probably to _________.
A. win the
hearts of more readers
B. encourage
more states to pass the law
C. ask
readers if they agree with texting while driving
D.
learn about people’s
opinions on texting while walking
11.
In Rena’s reply, she
showed the danger of texting while
wal
king by _________.
A.
using numbers
C. asking questions
B. giving examples
D.
telling stories
12.
Which of
the following is Andrew Black’s
opinion?
A. Texting is more
important than safety.
B.
The law would help to keep Americans safe.
C.
It’s easy to
plea
se everyone when passing a law.
D.
Whether to text or not
while walking is people’s own choice.
<
/p>
【文章大意】本文主要谈论过马路发短信的问题。在美国
47
个州，开车时发短信是违法的。一项
2018
年的研究报告称，美国有
2500
多人因走路使用了手机最终
住进了医院。夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街
时发短信或看手机是违法的。洛杉矶时报
就此事做了一项调查。
9. C
【解
析】
题意：
在
_______
，
人们在过街时发短信是违法的。
考查细节理解
。
根据第
2
段第
2
句
Hawaii passed
a law making it
illegal(
违法的
) to text or look
down at a mobile device while crossing the street.
（夏威夷通过
了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的
。
）可知在夏威夷，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。
故选
C
。
10.
D
【解析】题意：洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了
________
。考查细节理解。根据第
2
段第
3
和
4
句
Do people think more places
should accept such a law? The LA Times did a surve
y.
（
人们认为更多的地方
应该接受这
样的法律吗？洛杉矶时报做了一项调查。
）可知＂洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了了
解
人们对走路时发短信的看法＂；故选
D
。
11.
B
【解析】题意：在
Rena
的回复中，她通过
_______
说明了走路时发短信的危险。考查细节理解。根据
表格一第
4
句
For
example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and
another got her leg stuck in a hole
可知在<
/p>
Rena
的回复中，她通过举例说明了走路时发短信的危险。故选
B
。
12.
B
【解析】
题意：
以下哪项是安德鲁<
/p>
·
布莱克的观点？考查细节理解。
根据表
格
4
第
5
句<
/p>
It would be safe and
good for
all Americans.
（这对所有美国人都是安全和有益的。
< br>）可知安德鲁
·
布莱克认为这项法律将有助
于保护美国人的安全。故选
B
。
（四）
【
2019
?
安徽省中考】
Have you tried to run or walk for
exercise and then given up? If you answered yes,
you should try a new
kind of exercise:
aquatic (
水中的
) exercise.
Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you
do it in a swimming
pool. More and more
people are trying aquatic exercise.
Aquatic exercise feels easier than
exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less
in the pool. It is better for
your
knees than running or walking. Water is about 1,
000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move
through the
water, your body has to
work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn
more calories (
卡路里
).
In fact, most people say they feel more
relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the
things that make them
worried. They
feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet
environment makes them feel good.
But
what if you are afraid of the water? No problem!
There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise
is safe
and easy to learn.
It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t
even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is
for everyone.
13. What is
Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Difference
between air and water.
C. The
advantages of aquatic exercise.
B.
Weight change of one’s body.
D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.
14. What do most people think of
aquatic exercise?
A. Relaxing.
B. Worrying.
C. Challenging.
D. Boring.
15. According to
the text, aquatic exercise is _________.
A. done in groups
C.
difficult to learn
B. fit for everyone
D. done with special skills
16. In which part of a magazine can we
read the text?
A. Culture.
B. Health.
C. Nature.
D. Travel.
【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总
是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆
地上的锻炼一样，只不过是
在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让
人们感觉很
放松，因此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。
13.
C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆
地运动更容易的原因，它
不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介
绍的是水中运动的优点，故
C
选项
符合
文意。
14.
A
【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？
A.
Relaxing
令人放松的。
B.
是
＂令人担心的＂；
C.
是＂有挑战性的＂；
D.
是＂无聊的＂。根据短文第三段中
In
fact,
most
people
say
they
feel
more
relaxed in the water….
The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.<
/p>
可知，大多数人都觉得在水里
很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选<
/p>
A
。
15.
B
【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段
Aquatic
exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t
require any
special skills.
You don’t even need to know how to
swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone
可
知，水中运动
非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此
可知应选
B
。
16. B
【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到
以上内容？
A.
是＂文化＂；
C.
是＂自然＂；
D.
是＂
旅行＂。根据短文第一段
If you answered yes, you
should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic
(
水中的
)
exercise.
Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you
do it in a swimming pool. More and more people
are trying aquatic exercise
可
知，
短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动
—
水中运动，
这样的内
容应该在杂志上的健康版块，
故应先
B
。
（五）
【
2019
?
山东省潍坊市】
A recent study from a team of South
Korean researchers suggests that eating alone
often may lead to poor eating
habits
and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study
found that men who ate alone more than twice a
week had a
greater risk of developing
high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and
diabetes.
For children,
eating with their families is not only
about preventing bad
outcomes(
结果
)
—
it is also about
developing good ones.
In
2014,
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development(OECD)
looked
at
data
from
nearly
three-
quarters of the
world’s countries .Among its findings was the fact
that students who shared a main meal
wi
th
their families were
less likely to skip school .Children who eat a
main meal with their families are also less likely
to
abuse drugs and
alcohol(
吸毒酗酒
).
In the report,
titled
＂
The Importance of
Family Dinners (VIII)
＂
, researchers say that
＂
teens who have
frequent family dinners are more likely
to say their parents know a lot about what’s going
on in their lives
＂
. They
also claim that when teens say they
feel closer to their parents, they are less likely
to use drugs and alcohol.
Another study
from the University of Montreal found that
children who ate with their families experience
long
–
term physical and
mental health benefits(
好处
)
.These children were physically in better shape
and drank fewer
sugary soft drinks
.These children also seemed to have better social
skills and they were less
aggressive(
好斗的
).
Professor Linda Pagani says that
mealtimes shared with parents
＂
likely provide young
children with first-hand
social
interactions ,discussions of social
issues(
事件
) and day-to-day
concerns
＂
. She adds that
they may likely help
the child have
better communication skills with others.
17. What can be the best title for the
text?
A. Benefits of eating together
C. Ways of developing social skills
B. Advantages of eating alone
D. Risks of using drugs and alcohol
18. Children eating with their families
are more likely to _________.
A. drink
more sugary soft drinks
B. do well in
their studies at school