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一般功能性词汇
1.
因果关系
导致，产生
give rise
to,lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt
解析：
give rise to, lead to,
result in
表示一般性的
“
导致、产生、造成
”
；
be
responsible for
不仅表示
< br>“
为
…
负责
”
，
也可以表示
“
产生
（
”
being a
source or cause
）
，
但多指
“
产生某种负面后果和不利局面
”
；
prompt
< br>表示
“
激发
”
< br>（
To move to act;
spur;
incite
），有
“
快速产生
”
之意。
Fast-paced modern life is responsible
for the consumption of junk food.
The
bishop's speech has prompted an angry response
from both political parties.
Sharon
Stone’s remarks about China’s Sichuan earthquake
prompted angry
responses
from the Chinese public.
产生于
result from,
originate in (from)
解析：
result from
表示“产生于”；
originate in (from)<
/p>
表示
“
发源自
”
例句：
Youtiao
originated in China.
归因于
attribute
...to, blame..on, be the culprit of
解析：
attribute A to B
表示
“
将
A
归因于
B”
；
blame A on B
，表示
“
将
A
（负
面的
）归咎于
B”
；
culprit
本意表示
“
罪犯
”
(one charged with a crime or an
offense)
，
比喻义表示
“
造成某种负面后果的原因
”
（
the reason for a particular
problem or
difficulty
）
例句：
Children today are
getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe
that
excessive consumption is the main
culprit.
使某人做某事
prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do
sth
解析：
prompt
指
“
令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发
< br>”
；
motivate
一般功能性词汇
2
指
“
成为某人的做某事的动机
”
Many great businessmen are
motivated not but the desire for money.
原因
cause, reason
解析：
cause
指“造成某事客观原因”，
reason
指“用来解释的理由”。
Reason
并不一定就是
cause.
跟
cau
se
有关的几种常用搭配：
真实原因
real cause,
根本原因
root cause, underlying
cause
主要原因
major cause,
primary cause
可能的原因
likely
cause, possible cause
contributory
cause
例句：
The reason he gave
for his poor academic performances is that he had
recently went through a emotional
meltdown. But I know that is not the real cause.
Unhealthy eating habits have many other
contributory causes.
2.
事物数量
几个
several, a
number of, a couple of
解析：
several
略显非正式；
A number of
是正式表达。
A couple
of days
Across the street from me there
are a couple of police officers standing guard
很多个
可数
a large (vast)
number of, numerous, a host of, a legion of , a
flock of , flock to do sth
解析：
A host of
表示
“
大量的
”
指
”
事物
“
。
Legion
本意指
“
军团
”
、
flock
本意表
“
羊
群
”
，
legion
和
flock
都表示
“
大量的某一类人
”
。
例句：
Making public
transportation free might create a host of
problems.
一般功能性词汇
3
Flocks of consumers are
buying products that they have no real use for.
很多，大量
不可数
a large deal
(amount, supply, quantity) of
辨析：
quantity
指“可以装在容器中的某物”；
supply
指“提供的某物”
例句：
a large quantity of
drugs, a large quantity of food and drink, a large
supply
of oxygen, a large supply of
food
很多
可数
&
不可数
plenty of
辨析：
plenty of
可修饰可数和不可数名词
充足的
sufficient,
adequate
辨析：指
“
数量<
/p>
”
、
“
质量
“
、
”
效力
”
能够满足需求的。
例句：
sufficient income, an
adequate supply of food, a sufficient supply of
useful
information
不充足的
insufficient, inadequate
十分充足的
ample
辨析：指
more than
enough
，搭配较为局限。
例句：
Ample evidence, ample
opportunity, ample time
3.
重要性
重要的
basic,
fundamental, essential, vital, integral,
indispensable
解析：
essential
表示“因为是本质，所以必不可少的”；
integral
表示“因为
是构成整体的一部分，所
以必不可少的”，经常出现在
integral part
这样的搭配
中；
indispensable
表示“必不可少的”。
一般功能性词汇
4
Pets are an integral part of the
American way of life
重要
must,
necessity, precondition, prerequisite, priority
解析：
must
做名词，表示“必要的某物”
（
Something
indispensable
）；
prerequisite
表示“先决条件”（
Required or
necessary as a prior
condition
）
If you
live in a city, a car is a must.
The
seriousness of traffic jams highlights the
necessity of controlling
automobiles in
cities.
In the modern society, having a
college diploma is almost a prerequisite for/to
success.
A sufficient TOEFL
score is almost a prerequisite for applying for
American
colleges or universities.
使
…
成为必要
necessitate
Applying for
American colleges or universities necessitates
taking TOEFL.
Having music classes
necessitates buying musical instruments, which can
be
very expensive.
紧迫
urgent,
pressing, imperative
Imperative
表示“需要立刻关注或采取行动的”。（
Compelling
immediate
attention
）
There is an urgent need for fresh water
and ample food.
Pressing
need/matter/problem
It is imperative to
protect the endangered animals.
不重要
minor,
secondary, low priority, take the second place
Protecting the environment is urgent,
but it does not mean that investing in
medical care takes a back seat
一般功能性词汇
5
4.
事物的大小和程度
较大
considerable, significant,
considerably, significantly
巨大
tremendous(ly), enormous(ly)
过度
excessive, excessively
极度
extreme,
extremely
在极端情况下
In extreme
circumstances, in extreme cases
合理适度
reasonable,
reasonably, moderate, moderately
5.
相似性
相同的
be similar
(to), alike, comparable
解析：
similar
和
comparable
既可以做表语也可以作定语，
alike
做定语和状
语。
The Chinese
culture and the Korean culture are alike (similar,
comparable) in
many aspects.
The girls are of comparable (similar)
ages.
Lawyers and politicians alike
（只能用
alike
）
require a strong ability to speak.
不同的
different,
distinct
解析：
distinct
表示“差异一望而知的，截然不同的。”（
Readily
distinguishable
from all
others
）
Traveling
in foreign countries allow people to get a taste
of distinct cultures.
一般功能性词汇
6
6.
方面
aspect, facet
解析：
facet
本意是宝石的切面，比喻义“多个方面中的一个”（
One
of
numerous aspects, as of a
subject.
）
The
Internet has had tremendous impacts on every facet
of the modern life.
In
terms of
在“某方面”
7.
变化
增加
不及物
increase, grow, rise
使
…
增加及物
increase, boost
变少
及物
decrease, dwindle
使
…
减少不及物
decrease, reduce, cut, trim, slash
越来越
increasingly, progressively
8.
时间
开始
advent
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