-
母题十三阅读理解（说明文）
【母题来源一】
【
2016
·全国新课标
I
】
【母题原题】
【
2016
·全国新课标
I
】
D
The
meaning
of
silence
varies
among
cultural
groups.
Silences
may
be
thoughtful,
or
they
may
be
empty
when
a
person
has
nothing
to
say.
A
silence
in
a
conversation
may
also
show
stubbornness,
or
worry.
Sil
ence
may
be
viewed
by
some
cultural
groups
as
extremely
uncomfortable;
therefore
attempts
may
be
made
to
fill
every
gap(
间
隙
)wi
th
conversation.
Persons
in
other
cultural
groups
value
silence
an
d
view
it
as
necessary
for
understanding
a
person's
needs.
Many
Native
Americans
value
silence
and
feel
it
is
a
basic
part
of
communicating
among
people,
just
as
some
traditional
Chinese
and
Thai
persons
do.
Therefore,
when
a
person
from
one
of
these
cultures
is
speaking
and
suddenlystops,
what
maybe
implied(
暗示
)
is
that
the
person wants the
listener
to
consider
what
has
been
said
before
continuing.
In
these
cultures,
silence
is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other
ways, particularly when dealing with
conflicts
among
people
or
in
relationships
of
people
with
different
amounts
of
power.
For
example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may
use silence to show agreement
between
parties about the topic under discussion. However,
Mexicans may use silence
when
instructions
are
given
by
a
person
in
authority
rather
than
be
rude
to
that
person
by arguing with him or her. In still
another use, persons in Asian cultures may view
silence as a sign of respect,
particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses
and
other
care-givers
need
to
be
aware
of
the
possible
meanings
of
silence
- 1 -
when
they
come
across
the
personal
anxiety
their
patients
may
be
experiencing.
Nurses
should recognize their own personal and
cultural construction of silence so that a
patient
’
s silence
is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on
unnecessarily.
A
nurse
who
understands
the
healing(
治愈
)
value
of
silence
can
use
this
understanding
to assist in
the care of patients from their own and from other
cultures.
32.
What does the author say about silence
in conversations?
A.
It implies anger.
B.
It promotes
friendship.
C.
It
is culture-specific.
D.
It is content-based.
33.
Which
of
the
following
people
might
regard
silence
as
a
call
for
careful
thought?
A.
The Chinese.
B.
The French.
C.
The Mexicans.
D.
The Russians.
34.
What does the
author advise nurses to do about silence?
A.
Let it
continue as the patient pleases.
B.
Break it while
treating patients.
C.
Evaluate its harm to patients.
D.
Make use of
its healing effects.
35.
What may be the best title for the
text?
A.
Sound
and Silence
B.
What It Means to Be Silent
C.
Silence to
Native Americans
D.
Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
【答案】
32-35.C A D
B
- 2 -
33.A
细节理解题。根据第二段中
what may be
implied is that the person wants the
listener to consider what has been said
before continuing
可知中国人认为谈话时人们
的沉默是在思考谈话内容。
34.D
细节理解题。根据末段末句
A
nurse who understands the healing value of silence
can use this understanding to assist in
the care of patients
可知，作者建议护士要
< br>利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选
D
。
35.B
主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断
B
选项可以概括文章内容。故选
B
。
考点：社会生活类短文阅读
【母题来源二】
【
2016
·全国
新课标
II
】
【母题原题】
【
2016
·全国新课标
II
】
C
Reading can be a social
activity. Think of the people who belong to book
groups.
They choose books to read and
then meet to discuss them. Now, the website
turns the page on the traditional idea
of a book group.
Members go on the site
and register the books they own and would like to
share.
BookCrossing provides an
identification number to stick inside the book.
Then the
person leaves it in a public
place, hoping that the book will have an
adventure,
traveling far and wide with
each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director
of BookCrossing, says, “The two things
that
change
your
life
are
the
people
you
meet
and
books
you
read.
BookCrossing
combines
both.”
Members
leave
books
on
park
benches
and
buses,
in
train
stations
and
coffee
shops.
Whoever finds their book will go to the
site and record where they found it.
- 3 -
People
who
find
a
book
can
also
leave
a
journal
entry
describing
what
they
thought
of it. E-mails are then sent to the
BookCrossing to keep them updated about where
their books have been found. Bruce
peterson says the idea is for people not to be
selfish by keeping a book to gather
dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing
is
part
of
a
trend
among
people
who
want
to
get
back
to
the
“real”
and not the
virtual(
虚拟
). The site now
has more than one million members in more
than one hundred thirty-five countries.
9. Why does the author mention book
groups in the first paragraph?
A. To
explain what they are.
introduce
BookCrossing.
C. To stress the
importance of reading.
D. To
encourage readers to share their ideas.
10. What does the underlined word “it”
in Paragraph 2refer to?
A.
The book. adventure.
C.A public
place. D. The identification number.
11. What will a BookCrosser do with a
book after reading it?
A. Meet other
readers to discuss it. it safe in his bookcase.
C. Pass it on to another reader. D.
Mail it back to its owner.
12. What is
the best title for the text?
A.
Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic
Books: A new Trend
C. A Book Group
Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People
through Books
【答案】
9. B 10.
A11. C 12. D
10.A
代词指代题。根据本句“
....hoping
that
the
book
will
have
an
adventure,
traveling
far and wide with each new reader who
finds it
”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随
- 4 -
着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的
it
指代前半句提到的同一事物“
the book
”
。故
A
正确
。
11.C
推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“
....the
idea
is
for
people
not
to
be
selfish
by
keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home
”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行
为，网站
的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继
续把书传递下去。故
C
项正确。
12.D
标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知
< br>
把人生命中最重要的两个事物：
人和书联系在一起。
D
项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。
【名师点睛】
本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“
....hoping
that the book will have an adventure,
traveling far and wide with each new
reader who finds it
”留下书的人希望
自
己的书
能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的
it
指代前半句提到的同一事物“
the
book
”
。
阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词
it
，
that
，
he
，
him
或
them<
/p>
可以指上文提到的人或物，其中
it
和<
/p>
that
还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔
较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例
如：
However,
the
question
that
people
asked
is
still
an
interesting
one.
A
growing
number
of
scientists
are
seriously
thinking
about
it.
首先，
it
指上句中的
the
question
，而
the
question
又指上一段中“月球人”
所
提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。
考点：考查说明文阅读
【命题意图】
阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体
地说，就是
通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考试方向】
阅读理解所选的语段包括叙述文、说明文、应用文和议论文
，继续保持了
体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括广告应用文、日
常生活、新闻报
道、社会背景、政治经济、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的
英语语言文化特点
和浓厚的时代气息。综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面
，体现了“语言是文
化的载体”这一重要理念；从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节
理解型、主旨大意型、
词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。
- 5 -