-
Unit 4 Cultural Encounters
Key to the Exercises
Text comprehension
I.
B
II.
1. T;
2. F;
3.
T;
4. T;
5. T.
III.
1.
“snail
mail”.
2. “an essential
stepping stone on the road to success”.
3.
“the
profound
relationship
between
language
and
culture
that
lies
at
the
heart
of
society”.
4. “the means to shape our views of the
world”.
5. “to negotiate the
boundaries between languages and to compromise in
translation”.
6.
“to
use
linguistic
skills,
to
think
differently,
to
enter
into
another culture’s
mentality
and to shape language
accordingly”.
IV.
1. The age we are living
provides us with convenient ways to reach any part
of the world.
2. It seems that everyone
is able to always get in touch with anyone else if
he or she can
afford to.
3.
is the most important to society.
4.
This is
a fundamental skill in today’s
world, where different cultures
interact.
5. Lots of people
are finding ways to interrelate different
cultures.
Structural
analysis of the text
1. The last
sentence of the 3rd paragraph: “Most fundamental
is the profound relationship
between
language and culture that lies at the heart of
society and one that we overlook at
our
peril.”
2. Paragraph 4: The
lack of an e
xact counterpart of the
English word “homesickness” in
other
languages such as Italian, Portuguese, and German.
Paragraph
5:
The
problem
of
untranslatability
which
the
early
Bible
translators
encountered.
Paragraph
6:
English
and
Welsh
speakers
make
adjustments
regarding
the
color
spectrum
in
the
grey
/
green
/
blue
/
brown
range;
The
word
“democracy”
means
completely different
things in different contexts; the flat breads of
Central Asia are a long
way away from
Mother’s Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word
“bread” has to serve for
both.
Vocabulary
I.
Phrase practice
1. provided =as long as
假如，倘若
need never be out of touch =can never
fail to be reached
从不会失去联系
2. regardless of =no matter
不管，不顾
3. overlook
at our peril =fail to notice at great risk
忽视
……
的危险或风险
4. hovers somewhere in and around all
those words =may be described by these words
to
varying degrees
5.
hit
the
problem
of
untranslatability
head-on
=
were
directly
confronted
with
the
problem that something
in one language cannot be rendered into another
II.
1. stepping
stone; 2. at their peril; 3. serve; 4. mentality;
5. staple; 6. facilitating;
7. messaging; 8. hybrid.
III. Word derivation
Fill in
the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given
words.
1. economy
2. accessible
3.
fundamentally
4. homesick
5. negotiable
6. adjusted
7.
remoteness
8. complacently
IV.
1. D;
2. C;
3.
A;
4. D;
5. B;
6. A;
7. B;
8.
C.
V. Synonym / Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym of the
word underlined in each sentence in the sense it
is
used.
1. Synonym: time,
era, epoch
2. Synonym: meetings
3. Synonym: basic, fundamental
4. Antonym: misshape
5.
Synonym: unavoidably
6. Synonym: worry,
concern, anxiety
7. Antonym: hide,
conceal
VI. Prefix
Write in each space one word that has
the same prefix as underlined in the given word.
1. unbelievable
2. imperfect
3. disagreement
4. misplace
5. malfunction
6. enable
7. surpass
8. submarine
Grammar
I. Complete the following
sentences with the correct verb forms.
1. helps
2.
hope; are enjoying; sunbathe; go; are going.
3. is being.
4. is typing
5. am not eating.
6. am
reading
7. are always leaving.
8. go; belongs; wants; is using.
9. is boiling.
10. is
putting; is rewiring; is building.
II. Correct the errors.
1.
is passing
→
passes; is
shooting
→
shoots.
2. OK.
3. are crying.
4. OK.
5. am knowing
→
know.
6. am
gathering
→
gather.
7. work
→
am
working.
8. do
→
are; sneeze
→
sneezing.
III.
thank;
are
dispatching;
regret;
have;
are
contacting;
hear;
enclose/are
enclosing;
decide; have; are listed; regret; hope;
enclose/are enclosing.
IV.
1. a. The speaker is complaining; b.
The speaker gives a fact.
2. a. am
considering; b. have the opinion.
3. a.
It suggests a permanent nature; b. It suggests a
temporary behaviour.
4. a. is taking
care of; b. have no objection to.
5. a.
am waiting for; b. believe.
6. a. am
waiting for; b. believe.
V.
Position of adjectives
Rewrite the
following descriptions putting the adjectives in
the correct order.
1. a large pair of
red woolen socks
2. a powerful new
white German car
3. a small rectangular
grey Japanese radio
4. a big modern
concrete office building
5. a medium
size French stainless steel saucepan
6.
a superb medieval rose-shaped stained-glass window
7. a prominent triangular red road sign
8. a tiny black and white Chinese dog