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L5-U3-P3
英语流利说
5-3-3
懂你英语
Level5 Unit3 Part3
L5-U3-P3-1 Listening : Living
Conditions 1
Living conditions around
the world vary from country to country.
Some countries have very large
economies, but the majority of their
citizens are poor.
Other
countries have smaller economies, but the majority
of their
citizens are NOT poor.
So the size of a country's economy
isn't the only factor that
determines
how wealthy its citizens are.
The size
of its population is also an important factor.
Another factor is how a country's
wealth is distributed between the
rich
and the poor.
The size of a country’s
economy isn’t the only factor
...that
determines how
wealthy (the wealth of) its citizens
are.
(1) Living conditions
around the world vary from country to country.
(2) Some countries have very large
economies, but the majority of
their
citizens are poor.
(3) Other countries
have smaller economies, but the majority of their
citizens are NOT poor.
(4)
So the size of a country's economy isn't the only
factor that
determines how wealthy its
citizens are.
Besides the size of its
economy, what is another factor that determines
living conditions?
- the
distribution of wealth
A
country's living
conditions
depend not only on the
size
of its
economy. The size of
its
population
is also an
important
factor
.
Another factor is
how
a country's
wealth
is
distributed
between the
rich and the
poor.
Let's look at some examples.
This chart shows the world's 5 largest
economies in 2015.
It ranks the
countries by their Gross Domestic Product, or GDP.
The GDP is one way of muring the size
of an economy.
It is the total value of
the goods and services produced in a country in
a year.
As you can see,
according to this chart, the US and China had the
largest economies.
According
to the chart, which country had the fifthe largest
economies?
-Germany.
The GDP
is one way of measuring the size of an
economy.
Living conditions
around the world vary from country to
country.
The size of a
country's economy isn't the only factor that
determines how wealthy its citizens
are.
It is the total value
of the goods and services produced in a country
in a year.
What
does this chart use to compare the sizes of their
economies?
-
Gross Domestic
Product
Some countries have
very large economies, but the majority of
their citizens are poor.
In 2015, Germany had the fifth largest
economy.
A country's living
conditions depend not only on the size of its
economy, but also on how its wealth is
distributed.
The
distribution of wealth is also an important factor
that affects
living
conditions.
According to the
chart, India had the third largest economy in the
world.
Its economy was
bigger than Japan's.
However, the
average living conditions in Japan are much higher
than
in India.
One reason
for this is the difference in population.
India has a much larger population, so
its wealth is distributed among
a much
larger number of people.
You can find
this information by checking a country's GDP per
capita.
Per capita means per person.
If two countries have the same GDP, but
one country has half the
number of
people, its GDP per capita is twice as large.
(1) According to the chart,
India had the third largest economy in
the world.
(2) Its economy
was bigger than Japan's.
(3) However,
the average living conditions in Japan are much
higher
than in India.
(4)
One reason for this is the difference in
population.
What is one reason why the
living conditions in Japan are much higher
than in India?
- Its
population is much smaller.
Another important factor is how the
wealth of a country is shared.
In some
countries much of the wealth is concentrated in
just a few
people.
For
example, in the US, just 5% of the population
holds more than
70% of the wealth.
This shows that many US citizens are
not wealthy despite the size of
their
economy.
In fact, the wealth share held
by the wealthiest 10% more than 10
times bigger than the rest of the
population.
This shows that many US
citizens are not wealthy
despite
the size of
their economy.
(1) Another important factor is how the
wealth of a country is shared.
(2) In
some countries much of the wealth is concentrated
in just a few
people.
(3)
For example, in the US, just 5% of the population
holds more than
70% of the wealth.
(4) This shows that many US citizens
are not wealthy despite the size
of
their economy.
In some countries much
of the wealth is concentrated in just a
few people.
Another important factor is how the
wealth of a country is
shared.
According
to the chart, India had the third largest economy
in the
world.
If
two countries have the same GDP, but one country
has half the
number of people, its GDP
per capita is twice as large.
In fact, the wealth share held by the
wealthiest 10% was more
than 10 times
bigger than the rest of the population.
About what percent of the US population
holds more than 70% of the
wealth?
- About
5%
Why are there so many
poor people in the US despite the size of their
economy?
-Much of the wealth
is held by a small segment of the
population.
In
the US, just 5% of the population holds more than
70% of the
wealth
One reason is that Japan's population
is much smaller than
India's.
Per
capita means per person.
India has a much larger population, so
its wealth is distributed
among a much
larger number of people.
This shows that many US citizens are
not wealthy despite the size
of their
economy.
L5-U3-P3-2 Listening : Living
Conditions 2
As we have seen, much of
the wealth of the US is concentrated in just
a few people.
10% of its
population had an estimated 75% of the wealth in
2015.
In this chart we see some
comparisons with other countries.
In
contrast to the US, 10% of Japan's population had
less than half of
the total wealth.
In China, in 2014, the estimated share
of the top 10% was 64%, but
this number
is rising.
Russia had the highest
concentration of wealth, at over 80%!
India, which has one of the largest
economies, has the largest share of
the
world's poorest people.
The share of
wealth of its richest 10% is 370 times that of its
poorest
10%.
Russia had the
highest
concentration
of
wealth, at over 80%!
Which of these
countries has the largest share of the world's
poorest
people?
-
India
A major challenge for
a government is to improve the living
conditions of its citizens.
As we have seen, growing an economy
isn't enough.
Population growth and
distribution of wealth are also important
factors.
Improving education
and developing job skills can help people move
up in an economy.
With
better education and training, the poor can
increase their ability
to get better
jobs and raise their income.
Improving
education and developing job skills can help
people
move
up
in
an economy.
What does better education
allow?
- It increases a person's
ability to
get a better job.
A major
challenge
for a government is to improve the
living
conditions of its citizens.
How can education change how wealth is
distributed?
-
It can help
the poor to get better jobs and
increase their share of the wealth.
However, taxes are needed to pay for
social services, including health
and
education.
Some countries tax the rich
at a higher rate than the poor.
However, if taxes are too high, it can
discourage investment and risk
taking.
This is because investors won't take
risks unless the rewards are
high.
So, as you can see, these are complex
issues.
This is because investors won't
take risks
unless
the
rewards are
high.
Some
countries tax the rich at a higher rate than the
poor.
Russia had the highest
concentration of wealth, at over 80%!
As we have seen, much of the wealth of
the US is concentrated in
just a few
people.
How can high taxes
discourage investment?
-They can reduce
the
rewards for taking a
risk.
As we have seen,
growing an economy isn't enough.
Investors won't take risks unless the
rewards are high.
However,
if taxes are too high, it can discourage
investment and
risk taking.
L5-U3-P3-3 Vocabulary :
Describing Actions
Silly
:
foolish or stupid or ridiculous, the opposite of
serious.
He is being silly, so we
should just ignore him.
That's a silly
idea, so I don't think she means what she's
saying.
This is no time for
silly behavior
, so I'm
asking
everyone to work
harder and take things
seriously
.
He
expects people
to laugh
when
he's being
silly
, but I
don't think
it's
funny
.
That kind
of
silly
behavior
isn’t
acceptable
in our
office
.
Amazing
: to be incredible or
so good as to be hard to believe; the
opposite of ordinary.
That
company's new products are truly amazing.
She gave an amazing performance,
especially after all the difficulties
she had to overcome.
It's
amazing
what people can
accomplish
if they are
determined
.
He
was in a
terrible
accident,
so it's
amazing
that he is
still
alive
.
It
will be an
amazing
accomplishment if they can
finish
the
project
on
schedule
.
Crucial
: to be
of extreme importance or an essential part; the
opposite of optional.
It's
crucial that we get them to sign the contract by
the end of the
week.
Getting
that data is crucial for our success.
We can’t do this
without
their
help, so it’s
crucial
that you get them
to
cooperate
.
It's
crucial
that
airplane pilots get
enough
sleep before they
fly
.
We
need
her help because she
has
unique
skills that are
crucial
for
the
success of our project.
Impressive
: to stand out and
be unforgettable in a good way.
His
presentation was so impressive that we decided to
hire him right
away.
They
have an impressive website, but the quality of
their products is
pathetic.
Their design was
impressive
, but the costs
were much higher than we
could
afford
, so we had
to
reject
it.
He
made an
impressive entrance
,
but when he left the meeting he
looked
tired and
defeated
.
She
impressed
everyone with her powerful speech,
but
we were
soon
disappointed
by her
inability
to meet her goals.
It’s ok for you to have high
expectations, but they need to be realistic
or you’ll fail.
Realistic
: to be possible
and attainable.
That deadline isn't
realistic, so we need to ask for more time.
He isn't being realistic when he
expects to charge such high prices for
his products.