-
1999
年阅读真题精解
(2011-05-3
0 10:22:15)
转载标签:
黄涛考研真题答案教育
分类:
阅读
篇
1999 Text 1
It's a rough
world out there. Step outside and you could break
a leg slipping on your doormat.
Light
up the stove and you could burn down the house.
Luckily, if the doormat or stove
failed
to
warn of coming disaster, a
successful lawsuit might compensate you for your
troubles. Or so the
thinking
has
gone since
the
early
1980s,
when
juries
began
holding
more
companies
liable
for
their customers'
misfortunes.
Feeling
threatened,
companies
responded
by
writing
ever-
longer
warning
labels,
trying
to
anticipate every possible accident.
Today, stepladders carry labels several inches
long that warn,
among other things,
that you might
—
surprise!
—
fall off. The label on a
child's Batman cape
cautions that the
toy
While
warnings
are
often
appropriate
and
necessary
—
the
dangers
of
drug
interactions, for
example
—
and
many are required by state or federal regulations,
it isn't clear that they actually
protect the manufacturers and sellers
from liability
if a customer is
injured. About 50 percent of
the
companies lose when injured customers take them to
court.
Now the tide appears to be turning. As
personal injury claims continue as before, some
courts
are beginning to side with
defendants, especially in cases where a warning
label probably wouldn't
have changed
anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of
Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully
fought a lawsuit involving a football
player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a
Schutt
helmet.
kinds of
injuries,
the
reason
for
the
athlete's
injury.
At
the
same
time,
the
American
Law
Institute
—
a
group
of
judges, lawyers, and academics whose
recommendations carry substantial weight
—
issued new
guidelines
for
tort
law stating
that
companies
need
not
warn
customers
of
obvious
dangers
or
bombard them with a lengthy list of
possible ones.
of
trivialities,
the moderate end of the
legal community has its way, the information on
products might actually
be provided for
the benefit of customers and not as protection
against legal liability.
51.
What were things like in 1980s when accidents
happened?
[A] Customers might be relieved of
their disasters through lawsuits.
[B] Injured
customers could expect protection from the legal
system.
[C] Companies would avoid being sued by
providing new warnings.
[D] Juries tended to find
fault with the compensations companies promised.
52. Manufacturers as
mentioned in the passage tend to ________.
[A]
satisfy customers by writing long warnings on
products
[B] become honest in describing the
inadequacies of their products
[C] make the
best use of labels to avoid legal liability
[D]
feel obliged to view customers' safety as their
first concern
53. The case
of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________.
[A]
some injury claims were no longer supported by law
[B]
helmets were not designed to prevent
injuries
[C] product labels would
eventually be discarded
[D] some sports games might
lose popularity with athletes
54. The author's attitude
towards the issue seems to be ________.
[A]
biased
[B] indifferent
[C]
puzzling
[D] objective
核心词汇
1. rough
粗糙的,不平坦的;粗野的;
tough
艰巨的;艰难的
2. step
走
3. slip
滑到
4.
light up
点燃
5. burn down
烧毁
6. fail to
没有
7.
lawsuit=suit
起诉;诉讼
8. compensate for
为?作出补偿
9. jury
陪审团
10. hold sb. liable for
让?对?负责
11. misfortune
不幸
12. respond
做出反应
13. warning labels
警告标识
14. caution
警告
15. while
尽管,而,当?时候
16. appropriate
合适的
17.
interaction
相互作用
18. regulation
规则
19. claim
索赔
20. side with
支持
21. defendant
被告;
22. involving
涉及到
23. paralyze
瘫痪
24. nature
本质;
by
nature
天性
25. carry substantial weight
具有相当的分量
26. issue
发布了;发行了
27. bombard with
大量提供
28. a sea of
大量的
29. trivialities
琐事
30. end
目的
31. have
one
’
s way
得以实现
32. legal liability
法律责任
33. misfortune
难句精解
①
While
warnings
are
often
appropriate
and
necessary
—
the
dangers
of
drug
interactions, for
example
—
and many are
required by state or federal regulations, it isn't
clear that they actually
protect the
manufacturers and sellers from liability if a
customer is injured.
▲在这
个主从复合句中,前一个分句是由
while
引导的让步从句,
这个从句由两个并列
句组成,
中间用
a
nd
连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明
warnings
的内容,
and
后
面的
many
省略了
warnings
,
state
与
federal
共用
regulations
。
主句部分本身也是一个主从复合句,
主句
用了一个形式主语
it
,
真正的主语是
that
引导的从句,
注
意这个从句中有个动词短语
protect...
from.
..
,后面是一个
if
引导的条件从句
。
△首先要把握这个句子的主旨,那
就是主句中所阐明的
warnings
对
manufacturers
and
sellers
p>
的保护作用还很不明朗。
注意破折号之间的部分对
< br>warnings
的解释作用以及
it
< br>作为形
式主语的替代作用。
②
As personal injury claims
continue as before, some courts are beginning to
side with defendants,
especially in
cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have
changed anything.
▲在这
个主从复合句中,前一个分句是由
as
引导的伴随状语从句,注
意这里的
claims
是个名词;
主句
的时态用的是现在进行时,
表示的这种状况正在开始。
这个主句
有一个较长
的状语短语,
原因是
cas
es
后面跟了一个
where
引导的定
语从句修饰
cases
,
这个定语从句
的
主干是
warning label not change
anything
,解释的是什么样的
cases
。
△主句
依然是抓住句子大意的关键,该句所要表达的就是
some courts
beginning to side
with defendants
,再者要注意
cases
后面定语从句指出了哪类<
/p>
cases
尤为如此。
③
In
May,
Julie
Nimmons,
president
of
Schutt
Sports
in
Illinois,
successfully
fought
a
lawsuit
involving a football player who was
paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.
▲这个句子的主干是
...
president...
successfully
fought
a
lawsuit.
..
。句子的主语是
Julie
Ni
mmons
,
后面逗号之间的部分是她的职位,
宾语部分
a lawsuit
有一个较长的动词现在分
词
involving
所引导的短语,
involving
的宾语是
a
football
player
,后
面跟了一个
who
引导的定
语从句,<
/p>
这个定语从句中有一个
while
引导的
时间状语,
还原成句子就是
while he was
wearing
a
Schutt
helmet
。找出其中的关键部分:
...
president
of Schutt...
successfully
fought
a
lawsuit
involving a football player...
paralyzed... while wearing a Schutt
helmet
。
④
At the same time, the
American Law Institute
—
a group of judges, lawyers, and
academics
whose
recommendations carry
substantial
weight
—
issued
new
guidelines
for
tort
law
stating
that companies need not warn
customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with
a lengthy list
of possible ones.
▲这个看起来很长的句子其实是一个简单句,主干是
...
the...
Institute...
issued
new
guidelines for tort law...
。其
中破折号之间的内容说明的是这个
Institute
的人员构
成,并且用
一个
whose
引导的定语
从句说明了这些成员的权威。
law
后面跟的现在分词
stating
有一个相
当长的宾语从句,
p>
这个从句的主语是
companies
,<
/p>
而谓语有两个动词结构,
一个是
warn
... of...
,
另一个是
bom
bard... with...
,叙述了
guideline
s
的内容。
p>
△这个句子的要点是在
stating
后面
的
that
从句,对其中两个动词结构
warn...
of...
和
bombard...
with...
的正确理解决定了对整个句子的理解。
⑤
If
the
moderate
end
of
the
legal
community
has
its
way
,
the
information
on
products
might
actually be provided for the benefit of
customers and not as protection against legal
liability.
▲在这
个复合句中,
if
引导的是一个条件从句,主句部分的谓语用了
被动形式,谓语动
词
provide
for
有两个宾语,
一个是
the
benefits of customers
,
另一个是
p>
protection against legal
liabi
lity
,
not
决定了两者的取舍关
系:取前者,舍后者。
△从句给出了前提条件,注意
has its
way
的意思是
can be achieved
;理解主句部分的关
键在于
provide
for
的两个宾语的取舍关系。
补充
: Or so the thinking has
gone since the early 1980s
中的
thinking
是一种思想的意思,
指的是上面所说过的人们
对于通过法律获得赔偿的思想。
gone
本意是消失,这里可以
意译
为改变,就是说这种思想已经改变。但是我个人觉得,从前后文看,这个
gone
不是否定,
所以应该是开始的意思,也就
是说应该翻译成这种思想已经形成了。
试题解析
51. [B]
意为:受伤的顾客可望得到法律制度的保护。
第一段指出,
外面是个危险的世界,
如果你走出去,
可能会滑倒在门垫上,
摔伤一条腿;
如果点燃炉灶,
可能烧毁整栋房屋。
可幸的是,
如果门垫或炉灶没有警告你可能发生的危害,
你可以就自己所受的伤害诉诸法律,成功地获得赔偿。或者,更确切地说,自
80<
/p>
年代初以
来人们一直这样认为,
从那时起
,
陪审团开始认为更多的公司应该对其顾客遭受的不幸负责。
第二段提到,
为了保护自己,
公司开始撰写冗长的标签,
但是,
正如第三段
第二句所指
出的那样,
这种做法无济于事,
因为,
如果顾客与公司对簿公堂,
大约一半的情况是公司败
诉。然而,第四段第一句指出,这种潮流似乎正发生逆转。
[A]
顾
客可以通过诉讼免除自己的灾难。
relieve sb. of sth.
意为“免除某人某事;解除某人某
事;使某人摆脱某事”
< br>。
relieve
的意思与原文表达的内容不相符,根据
对选择项
B
的分析,
顾客通过法律获得
的是对损失的赔偿。
看原文,
顾客都已经是出事后才找诉讼,<
/p>
事情既然发
生了怎么能够免除呢?所以说无论从原文还是从常理都
是不对的。
[C]
公司将会通过提供新的警示标签避免被起诉。该选择项有两处主要错误:一是
a
void
的
使用,
二是
new
的使用,
这两个词的使用使
C
与原文表达的内容很不一致。
这句话用了
would
avoid
这个词,这就是说能够逃避的
意思。但是原文根本没有提到是否这么做能否逃避法律
的制裁。更何况,从常理考虑也不
应该是这样。还有,这句话用了
new
这个词,原文中也
找不到根据。所以
[C]
是不对的。
[D]
陪审团倾向
于对公司所承诺的赔偿严加挑剔。这个与原文中“
when
juries
began
holding
more companies
liable for their customers' misfortunes
”比较相象,但是原文的这句话意思是:
当时陪审团已开始认为更多的公司应对其顾客所
遭受的不幸负责。
可以看出,
这两句的意思
还是不同的。一句是有关赔偿的严谨性,一句是有关赔偿的执行度。
52. [C]
意为:充分利用标签避免法律责任。
p>
第二段指出,
公司感到很大威胁,
它们通过
撰写比以前更长的警示标签保护自己,
企图
预料各种可能发生的
事故。
结果,
现在的梯子上的标签有几英寸长,
除了警告你其他可能发
生的意外之外,
还警告说你可能
摔下来——这种警告真是莫名其妙!
孩子的蝙蝠侠玩具的斗
篷上
也警告说:本玩具“并不能使拥有者飞行”
。在作者看来,这样的警示语都是多余的、<
/p>
不必要的。
[A]
通过在产品上写长长的警示语满足顾客。根据上文对选择项
C
的分析,他们这样做的目
的主要是避免承担责任,而不是满
足顾客的需要。
[B]
意为:在描述自己的产品的不足上表现得更诚实。这个其实肯定不是商人们的本意,毕
竟无奸不商,有哪个商人会这么诚实,把自己产品的缺点告诉别人?
[D]
意为:不得不将顾客的安全看
作头等重要的事。这个问题嘛,其实想一下,商人的目的
就是赚钱,
头等重要的事怎么可能是
....
从文章第二段可以看出,
Feeling threatened, companies
responded by writing ever-longer
warning labels, trying to anticipate every
possible accident
。公
司是因为受了威胁所
以才开始贴标签的,但是文章并未说是因为考虑到顾客安全才这么做
的。而且,从常理推
断,公司应该是考虑到自身利益才这么做的。因此
D
选项应该是
偷梁
换柱大法。
53.
[A]
意为:某些因伤害提出的索赔再也受不到法律的保护了。
第三段指出,
潮流似乎正发生逆转,
虽然因人身伤害引起的索赔案像以往一样不断出现,
某些法庭正
逐渐开始站到被告一边
(side
with)
,特别是在有警示标签也可能无济于事的案件
中。在
S
chutt Sports
的案件中,
Schutt Spor
ts
公司被告生产了不安全的头盔,造成一名橄揽
球队员
(football player)
的瘫痪,但是,陪审团认为,造
成球员受伤的不是头盔,而是橄榄球
这种运动本身的危险性
(t
he nature of the game)
。公司因此胜诉。这一例子用于说明第
四段第
一、二句提到的现象。
p>
[B]
头盔不是设计来防止损伤的。戴头盔的目的当然是防止伤害,
但是,头盔不可能是万能
的。
B
答案是
表面的意思,一般考研命题中不会把答案设定给这种选项的。因为“头盔不是
设计来防止
损伤的”
这个即使从常理来讲也不正确,
头盔本来就是用来防止
损伤的。
而且原
文中也没提到这点。
[C]
产品标签最终将会被淘汰。<
/p>
discard
意为:弃而不用。
[D]
运动员可能不再会热衷于某些
体育运动项目。
这个从常理上来说就不太对,
再对照原文,
p>
原文只是说了一次事故引发的关于体育用品的争论,
但是没有任何地
方可以看出运动员会不
再热衷于某些项目。
只是一次单纯的事故
而已,
没有理由就夸张到放弃这一层,
因此这个选
项明显是用了夸张的手法。
54.
[D]
意为:客观的。
p>
这里所说的
“问题”
指索赔案中孰是孰非这
一问题。
文章探讨了索赔案所涉及的顾客
(原
< br>告)
、公司(被告)和陪审团三方的反应,重点指出陪审团态度的转变。文章叙述
客观,作
者没有表达个人观点。关于态度题有很多偏方,基本上说,
ABC
三项这三个词基本不可能
成为任何题的答案。而
p>
D
这个词,绝对是首选项,基本上出现了选它就没错。因为,所有<
/p>
的选中文章讨论的大多是客观问题,
作者的态度更是客观的。
p>
如果是主观的话根本就犯了主
观主义错误
.
.....
[A]
有偏见的。这个
单词在考研英语阅读中很难会成为正确答案的,毕竟你想,既然能当选
全国研究生入学考
试试题,
没有鲜明的中心思想是不可能的,
像有偏见的这种态度
基本是不
可能出现的。反过来说,客观的这种态度基本是放之四海而皆准的。
[B]
冷漠的。
p>
[C]
迷惑不解的。如果对于问题是迷惑不解的,那么整篇文章就是
说没有表明鲜
明的立场。
但是这种文章是不可能入选研究生入学
考试的。
更何况从原文来看,
作者的态度
相当明显,因此是客观的。
参考译文
外面是一个危险的世界。
如果你走出
去,
可能会滑倒在门垫上,
摔伤一条腿。
如果你点
燃炉灶,
可能会把房子烧掉。
但是假如门垫或炉灶上没有警示语告诉你可能发生的危害,
那
么你或许可以就自己所受的伤害通过法律诉讼,成功地获得赔偿。大约自
80
年代初以来人
们就不再(
guangxian
p>
注:此处“不再”二字应删除!
)这样认为了,当时陪审团已开始认
为
更多的公司应对其顾客所遭受的不幸负责。
公司因此感到了威胁,
便做出了反应
,
写出越来越长的警示标识语,
力图预先标明种种
可能发生的事故。
现在,
梯子上警告标签有几英寸长
,
除了警告你其他可能发生的意外情况
外,
还警告你可能会摔下来,
简直是莫名其妙!
印在儿童蝙蝠侠
披风上的标识语竟然也告诫
说,本玩具“无法让用户飞行”
。<
/p>
虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的,<
/p>
如对药物副作用而产生的危险的警示语,
并且很多是州或
联邦法规所要求的,
但是当消费者受伤,
这些警
示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商使之免于
责任,这还很难说。被受伤的消费者告上法庭
的公司中,大约一半的情况是公司败诉。
p>
现在看来这种趋势正在转变。
尽管个人伤害的指控一如既往地继续着
,
但有些法庭已开
始站到被告一方,
特
别是在处理那些有警示语也无法避免伤害的案件时。
五月份,
伊
利诺斯
州的
Shutt
体育公司总裁朱
利·尼蒙斯就成功地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着
该公司的头盔在一场比赛
中受伤瘫痪,
遂将该公司告上法庭。
公司总裁朱利·
尼蒙斯说:
“他
成了瘫痪,我们非常难过,但头盔
的设计不是为了预防这类伤害的。
”陪审团也认为造成该
运动员
受伤的是这项运动本身的危险性,
而不是头盔。
与此同时,
p>
美国法学会——该学会由
一群举足轻重的法官、
律师、
学者所组成——签署了新的民事侵害法纲要,
宣布公
司不必警
示顾客那些显而易见的危险,
或者给顾客列出一份冗长
的可能造成的危险的清单。
康奈尔大
学法学院一位参与起草新纲
要的教授说,
“重要的信息会淹没在细枝末节的汪洋之中”
。<
/p>
如果
该法律团体的这一适中的目的能够实现,
产品上提供的警示信息实际上是用来保护消费者利
益的,而不是为了避免公司承担法
律责任的。
1999 Text 2
In
the first year or so of Web business, most of the
action has revolved around efforts to tap the
consumer market.
More
recently, as the Web proved to be more than a
fashion, companies have
started
to
buy
and
sell
products
and
services with
one
another.
Such
business-to-business sales
make sense because business people
typically know what product they're looking for.
Nonetheless, many companies still
hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about
its reliability.
analyst
Blane
Erwin of Forrester
Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by
conducting
online transactions only
with established business partners who are given
access to the company's
private
intranet.
Another major shift in the model for
Internet commerce concerns the technology
available for
marketing.
Until
recently,
Internet
marketing
activities
have
focused
on
strategies
to
customers
into
sites. In
the
past
year,
however, software companies
have
developed
tools
that
allow
companies
to
information
directly
out
to
consumers,
transmitting
marketing
messages directly
to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast
Network uses a screen saver
to
deliver
a
continually
updated
stream
of
news
and
advertisements
to
subscribers'
computer
monitors.
Subscribers can customize the information they
want to receive and proceed directly to
a
company's
Web
site.
Companies
such
as
V
irtual
Vineyards
are
already
starting
to
use
similar
technologies to push messages to
customers about special sales, product offerings,
or other events.
But push technology
has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online
culture thinks highly of
the
notion
that
the
information
flowing
onto
the
screen
comes
there
by
specific
request.
Once
commercial
promotion
begins
to
fill
the
screen
uninvited,
the
distinction
between
the
Web
and
television fades. That's
a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
But it
is hardly inevitable that companies on
the Web will need to resort to push strategies to
make money. The examples of
V
irtual
Vineyardsa. , and
other pioneers show that a
Web
site
selling
the
right
kind
of
products with
the
right
mix
of
interactivity,
hospitality,
and
security will
attract
online
customers.
And
the cost
of
computing
power continues
to
free
fall,
which
is
a
good
sign for
any
enterprise setting
up
shop
in silicon. People
looking
back
5
or
10
years from
now may well wonder why so few companies took the
online plunge.
55. We learn from the beginning of the
passage that Web business ________.
[A] has been
striving to expand its market
[B] intended to
follow a fanciful fashion
[C] tried but in vain to
control the market
[D] has been booming for
one year or so
56. Speaking
of the online technology available for marketing,
the author implies that ________.
[A] the
technology is popular with many Web users
[B]
businesses have faith in the reliability of online
transactions
[C] there is a radical change in
strategy
[D] it is accessible limitedly to
established partners
57. In
the view of Net purists, ________.
[A] there
should be no marketing messages in online culture
[B]
money making should be given priority to on the
Web
[C] the Web should be able to function
as the television set
[D] there should be no
online commercial information without requests
58. We learn from the last
paragraph that ________.
[A] pushing information on the Web is
essential to Internet commerce
[B] interactivity,
hospitality and security are important to online
customers
[C]
leading companies began to take the online plunge
decades ago
[D]
setting up shops in silicon is independent of the
cost of computing power
核心词汇
1. or so
左右,
2. web=website
网络
3. revolve around
围绕
4.
tap
轻打;开发;水龙头
5. more than
不仅仅是;不只是
6. make sense
有道理;有意义
7. nonetheless
尽管如此
8. reliability
可靠性
9. pathway
小径,通路,路径
10. supplier
供应商
11. limit
限制
12. conduct
进行,做
13. online transaction
在线交易
14. established
确定的;已有的
15. access to
进入;有权利做
16. intranet
局域网;
internet
互联网
17. shift
转变,变化
18. model
模式,方式
19. concern
与?有关
20. available
可以用来;可以得到的
21. focus on
关注;集中
22. strategy
策略;方法
23. transmit
传递;发送
24. targeted
目标的;有针对性的
25. notably
明显地
26. deliver
发送
27. update
更新;
upload
上传
28. a stream of
大量的
29. sunscriber
订阅者;订购者;用户;
subscribe to
向?订阅;同意
30. monitor
监控器
31. customize
定制
32. proceed to
继续做;
precede
在?之前
33. contempt
蔑视
34. think highly of
高度称赞
35. notion
观点
36. commercial promotion
商业促销
37. uninvited
不请自来
38. distinction
区别;区分
39. fade=disappear=vanish=perish
消失,不存在
40.
prospect=future
将来
41. horrify
让?感到恐怖
42. purist
净化者
43. inevitable
不可避免的
44. resort to
求助于
45. right
合适的;正确的;右边的;权力
46. interactivity
互动
47. hospitality
热情好客;
inhospitality
冷漠
48. plunge
冒险
难句精解
①
Some companies are limiting
the risk by conducting online transactions only
with established
business partners who
are given access to the company's private
intranet.
▲这个句子的主谓宾很明显,
但是重
要的是
by
后面的
conductin
g
引导的动名词短语,
表
示的是
companies limiting the risk
的方式方
法。还要注意的是
partners
后面跟了一个
who
引
导的定语从句,说明了
partners
所享受的待遇。
△找出其中的关键部分:
... companies...
limiting... risk by
... transactions...
with established...
partners who...
access to... company's... intranet
。注意
p>
intranet
与
internet
p>
的差别:后者是国际
互联网,前者是公司内部网。
< br>
②
In
the
past
year,
however, software companies
have
developed
tools
that
allow
companies
to
customers.
▲在这
个简单句中,宾语
tools
带了一个
that
引导的定语从句,修饰
tools
,在这个从句
中真正的主语是
tools
< br>,由
that
替代,注意这个从句中谓语动词短语
allow...
to...
的形式;后<
/p>
面跟了一个
transmitting
引
导的现在分词短语,
相当于
that
从
句的补充成分,
进一步说明
push
information to
consumer
的方式。
△这个句子的主要内容集中在
develop tools
p>
以及
tool
s
后
面的
that
从句,
从句中关键信息<
/p>
在于几个动词的使用:
allow
,
p>
push
,
transmit
等。
③
Online culture thinks
highly of the notion that the
information flowing onto the screen
comes
there by specific request.
p>
▲这个句子的主句就是
that
前面的部分
,
注意动词短语
think highly of
的含义,
但是理解
这个句子的关键在于宾语
notion
后面所跟的
that
引导的同位语从句,就是说
that
从句解释
的就是
notion
的内容。
这个从句中的主语
information
后面跟了一
个修饰性的
flowing
引导的
现在
分词短语。
△在抓住了主干
think highly of the n
otion
之后,理解这个句子的关键在于对
that
从句的
理解,尤其是
by specific
request
决定了
notion
的
重要内容。
④
The
examples
of
Virtual
Vineyards,
,
and
other
pioneers
show
that
a
Web
site
selling the right kind
of products with the right mix of interactivity,
hospitality, and security will
attract
online customers.
▲这个句子的主干是
... examples...
show... a Web site... will attract... customers
。
抓住这个主
干,再看其它成分:
examples
后面跟的
of
< br>短语是限定成分,说明
examples
的内容;谓语动
词
show
后面跟的是一个
that
引导的宾语从句,这个宾语从句的主语
a
Web site
后面跟了一
个现在分
词短语作限定成分,这个短语的动词是
selling
,宾语是
the right kind of products
,<
/p>
再加上一个较长的表示方式的状语,注意介词宾语
mix
后面有一个
of
引导的三个并列名词
表示
mix
的内容,后面
will attract online
customers
是这个从句的谓语和宾语。
p>
△找出句子的主谓宾,再看不同成分的修饰限定部分,再者要注意宾语从句的主语所带
的现在分词结构的限定短语。
⑤
And the cost of computing
power continues to free fall, which is a good sign
for any enterprise
setting up shop in
silicon.
▲这个句子的主句是逗号前的句子,容易理解,重要的是逗号
后
which
引导的从句,这
里
which
指代的是逗号前的这个句子,指的是这个句子所陈述的现象
,
which
在这里充当的
是从句的主
语,
enterprise
后面有一个现在分词短语,起限定作
用。
△重要的是弄清从句中
which<
/p>
引导词所指的是前面整个句子,
这样就可以得知
< br>a good sign
的意思。另外注意
setting up shop
in silicon
中
silicon
原意是“硅”
,在这里指代的是“互联
网”与“计算机”
p>
。
试题解析
55. [A]
意为:一直在竭力开拓其市场。
p>
第一段指出,
在网络公司创办的最初一两年中,
大部分措施是围绕着努力开拓
(tap)
消费
者市场。最近,随着网络证明不仅是一种时尚而已,公司开始(在网上)相互买卖产品或提
供服务,
公司间的这种买卖方式是很有道理的,
因
为商人一般都知道自己所需要的产品。
第
一句和第二句都叙述了
公司企图利用网上资源开拓业务的努力,
第三句是对第二句提到的现
象的评价。
[B]
意为:打算遵循一种空幻的时尚。
[C]
企图控制市场,但徒劳无益。第一段仅提到了它们的努力,并未提到
努力的结果。
[D]
意为:在一年左右的时间里发展迅速。第一段仅提到了它们的努力,并未提到努力的结
果。
事实上,
正如第二段所提到的,
< br>许多公司目前仍然因为怀疑网络的安全性而对网络的使
用犹豫不决。
56. [C]
意为:在策略上发生了根本改变。
p>
第三段第一句指出,
网络商业模式的另一个重大变化是营销策略的变
化。
在这个句子中,
technology
的意思不是“技术”
,而是“技巧”
,这里指销售方法。根
据第三段,这里所说的
变化指从“推”到“拉”的变化。两种营销策略迥然不同。
[A]
这种技术
(或方法)
受到了许多网络用户的喜爱。
与原文的第三段
But push technology has
earned the
contempt(
蔑视
) of many Web
users
自相矛盾。
[B]
为:公司对在线交易的可靠性充满信心。根据第二段第一句,许多公
司对网络的可靠性
表示怀疑,因此对使用网络仍然很忧虑。
[D]
它仅限于对固定合作伙伴使用
。
Limitedly=only
用在这里过于绝对。
57.
[D]
< br>意为:没有要求就不应该有在线商业信息。即:没有主动要求就不应该提供在线商
业信息。
根据第
三段最后四句,
“推”的策略受到了许多网上用户的厌弃,在线用户们极力推崇
这种做法:
信息应该根据特定要求载入
(用户的
)
屏幕。
商业信息一旦在没有要求的情况下
就被推入用户的屏幕,那么,网络和电视的区别就不存在了,这种前景正是
Net
purists
所惧
怕的。这里,
Ne
t purists
指主张保持网络特色的人。
[A]
意为:在线领域不应该有销售
信息。根据对
[D]
的分析,这些人反对的是销售信息的传送<
/p>
方式,而不是这种信息本身。
[B]
上网的首要目的应该是为了赚钱。
[C]
网络的功能应该像电视一样。
这正是
Net
purist
所反对的。
58.
[B]
互动、礼貌、安全对在线客户来说很重要。这里互动(指网上人机对话功能)<
/p>
、礼貌
(指网上热情服务)
、安全都指网
络信息的特点或提供方式。
在最后
一段作者指出,网上的公司不使用“推”的策略也肯定能赚钱。
Virtual
Vineyards
和
(两个网址的名称)以及其他开拓者的例子表明:销售对路产品的网址,加上
互动、礼
貌、安全等特点,将同样会吸引网上客户。
[A]
对网上商业来说,在网上“推”信息至关重要。根据上文的分析,事实恰
恰相反。
[C]
< br>一些大公司在几十年前就开始积极尝试在线服务。第四段最后一句指出,只要回顾一下
过去
5
年至
10
< br>年的历史人们很可能会感到奇怪:为什么如此少的公司尝试在线服务呢?
[D]
在计算机上建立销售点与(计
算机的)运算能力无关。根据第四段第三句,计算机的运
算能力成本不断下降,
这对于企事业在计算机上建立销售点是个好的形势。
所渭
“计算机的
运算能力成本不断下降”
指计算机和网络上
网价格变得便宜;
所谓“在硅中设立商店”
指在
计算机(网络)上设立销售点。可见,二者是相关的。
参考译文
大约在
网上交易的第一年当中,
大部分业务活动都是围绕着努力开发消费者市场来进行
的。最近,随着证明网络不仅是一种时尚而已,公司间便开始(在网上)交易产品和服务。
这类公司之间的销售是很有道理的,因为商人通常都知道他们需要什么产品。
< br>
不过,
由
于怀疑网络的可靠性许多公司仍对网络的使用犹豫不决。
Forrester
研究所的资
深分析家布兰·欧文说,
“商家需要认
识到他们可以信赖销售商和供应商之间的这种途径。
”
有些公司
为了限制这种冒险,
只与那些已经熟识的贸易伙伴进行在线贸易,
给予这些伙伴进
入本公司局域网的权利。
网络商业模式的另一个重大变化体现在营销策略上。
前些年,
互联网上的营销活动还集
中在如何将用
户“拉进”网站的策略问题上。然而,在去年,软件公司开发出新的技术,这
些技术使得
公司可以将信息直接
“推出”
给消费者,
直接把营销信息传送给特定的用户。
最
突出的例子是
Pointcast
网络,该网络使用一种屏幕保护系统,将大量最新的
信息和广告不
断地传送到用户的计算机显示器上。
用户可以定制
自己想要接受的信息,
然后直接进入某个
公司的网址。像
Virtual Vineyards
这样的公司业已开始采用类似的
技术将有关特价商品、产
品推销或其他活动的信息“推”向用户。但这种“推”销技术遭
到许多网上用户的鄙视。网
上文化推崇这样一个概念,
即流动到
屏幕上的信息应是在专门的请求之后才出现的。
一旦商
业促销不
请自来地充斥电脑屏幕,
那么网络和电视就没多大差别了。
这种
前景让网络净化者
感到不安。
p>
网上公司并不是非得依靠“推销”策略方能挣钱。像
V
irtual
Vineyards
和
及其他开拓者的例子说明:
一个销售适类商品的网站
,
如果将交互性、
热情服务、
安全性合
理结合,
肯定会吸引网上用户的。
计算
能力的成本持续自由下降,
这对任何建立了网上销售
的企业来说
都是个好的征兆。回顾过去的
5
到
10
年的历史,人们很可能会感到奇怪:尝试
网上销售的公司为何如
此之少呢?
1999 Text 3
An
invisible
border
divides
those
arguing
for
computers
in
the
classroom
on
the
behalf
of
students' career prospects and those
arguing for computers in the classroom for broader
reasons of
radical
educational
reform.
V
ery
few
writers
on
the
subject
have
explored
this
distinction
—
indeed,
contradiction
—
which
goes
to
the
heart
of
what
is
wrong
with
the
campaign
to
put
computers in the
classroom.
An
education
that
aims
at
getting
a
student
a
certain
kind
of
job
is
a
technical
education,
justified for reasons radically
different from why education is universally
required by law. It is not
simply to
raise everyone's job prospects that all children
are legally required to attend school into
their
teens.
Rather,
we
have
a
certain
conception
of
the
American
citizen,
a
character
who
is
incomplete
if
he
cannot
competently
assess
how
his
livelihood
and
happiness
are
affected
by
things outside of himself. But this was
not always the case; before it was legally
required for all
children
to
attend
school
until
a
certain
age,
it
was
widely
accepted
that
some
were
just
not
equipped
by
nature
to
pursue
this
kind
of
education.
With
optimism
characteristic
of
all
industrialized
countries,
we
came
to
accept
that
everyone
is
fit
to
be
educated.
Computer-education
advocates
forsake
this
optimistic
notion
for
a
pessimism
that
betrays
their
otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on
the confusion between educational and vocational
reasons
for brining computers into
schools, computer-ed advocates often emphasize the
job prospects of
graduates over their
educational achievement.
There are some good
arguments for a technical education given the
right kind of student. Many
European
schools
introduce
the concept
of
professional
training
early
on
in
order
to
make
sure
children are properly equipped for
the professions they want to join. It is, however,
presumptuous
to
insist
that
there will
only
be
so
many
jobs
for
so
many
scientists, so many
businessmen, so
many
accountants.
Besides,
this
is
unlikely
to
produce
the
needed
number
of
every
kind
of
professional
in a country as
large as ours and where the economy is spread over
so many states
and involves so many
international corporations.
But,
for
a
small
group
of
students,
professional
training
might
be
the
way
to
go
since
well-
developed skills, all other factors being equal,
can be the difference between having a job and
not.
Of
course,
the
basics
of
using
any computer
these
days
are
very simple.
It
does
not
take
a
lifelong acquaintance to
pick up various software programs. If one wanted
to become a computer
engineer, that is,
of course, an entirely different story. Basic
computer skills take
—
at
the very
longest
—
a couple of months to
learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only
complementary
to
the
host
of
real
skills
that
are
necessary
to
becoming
any
kind
of
professional.
It should
be
observed, of course, that no school,
vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over
its purpose.
59. The author
thinks the present rush to put computers in the
classroom is ________.
[A] far-reaching
[B] dubiously
oriented
[C] self-contradictory
[D] radically
reformatory
60. The belief
that education is indispensable to all children
________.
[A] is indicative of a pessimism is
disguise
[B] came into being along with the
arrival of computers
[C] is deeply rooted in the
minds of computer-ed advocates
[D] originated
from the optimistic attitude of industrialized
countries
61.
It
could
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
in
the
author's
country
the
European
model
of
professional training is ________.
[A]
dependent upon the starting age of candidates
[B]
worth trying in various social sections
[C]
of little practical value
[D] attractive to every
kind of professional
62.
According to the author, basic computer skills
should be ________.
[A] included as an
auxiliary course in school
[B] highlighted in
acquisition of professional qualifications
[C]
mastered through a life-long course
[D] equally
emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise
核心词汇
1. invisible
无形的;看不见的
2. divide
分开
3. argue for
支持;
argue against
反对
4.
On the behalf of
代表;为了
5. career
事业;就业
6. prospect
前景
7. radical
根本的
8. subject
话题,主题,科目
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