英语s发音规则

八、词尾

se

在字母

r

，

l

，

n

后读作

/s/< /p>

。

例：

horse

，

nurse

< br>，

worse

，

course< /p>

，

universe

< br>，

pulse

，

else

，

tense

，

se nse

I couldn't find good references by Googling, and I don't know anything about British

English. As I think it through, it is quite complicated! Sorry -- we should really get

around to some spelling reform. I hope others can help edit this list if they think of

exceptions.

In American English, typically

?

If there are any prefixes or suffixes causing an s to be in the middle of a

word (either because the

英语

s

发音 规则

root

清音

/s/, e.g. subsist, substandard, mismatch,

mistake, etc.

?

An s that is written next to an unvoiced consonant

清

辅

音

is always

unvoiced /s/, e.g. lisp, rasp, history, etc.

When the unvoiced consonant of the above rule is [t], then the /t/ is silent if

the next syllable is syllabic /n/ or /l/:

listen, whistle. (Otherwise it is pronounced.

See the comments for a more detailed description of this rule.)

An s before m is always voiced /z/:

chasm, prism, plasma.

However, the top

rule takes precedence

有

优

先

权

, so the s in mismatch is always voiceless /s/.

An s that is written doubled between vowels is also unvoiced: massive,

missive, missile, etc. However, if the s would occur in the phonetic stream /s+j/

then it assimilates to /?/, e.g. in mission.

An s that is written as one single letter between vowels is usually /z/,

e.g.

laser, risible,

criticise/ criticize,

desert, design, reason, busy, result, reserve,

closer (the comparative form of the adjective

same environment as mentioned above /z+

j/ will assimilate to /?/ e.g. in vision.

Terrible exception to the above: in

dessert

, the s is voiced to /z/. Many

native English speakers misspell dessert for this reason. Note also that the

difference between desert and dessert is not voicing, but which syllable gets

the accent (it is the first in desert and the second in dessert).

Possess

and its derivatives are another exception; the middle

to /z/. The terminating

Other miscellaneous exceptions: The -ss- in the American state name

Missouri is also exceptionally pronounced /z

/. In raspberry, the p is silent and

the [s] assimilates to the /b/, so is voiced to /z/.

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

补充：

Based on the immediately surrounding letters:

?

Word-internal -ns-, e.g. in

i

ns

ist, te

ns

e, ti

ns

el

,

is almost always pronounced

/ns/ with unvoiced /s/. This doesn't apply to words that end in -ns, like

pe

ns

or

le

ns

(these have /nz/).

Exceptions:

clea< /p>

ns

e

and

pa

ns

y

,

which have /nz/. For

some speakers, certain (but not necessarily all) words starting with

such as

tra

n s

it

and

tra

ns

ition

have /nz/.

英语

s

发音规则

?

Word-internal -ls-, e.g. in

el

s

e, pul

s

e,

is almost always pronounced /ls/ with

unvoiced /s/. This doesn't apply to words that end in -ls, like

ee

ls

or

stea

ls

(these have /lz/).

Exception:

pa

ls

y,

which has /lz/.

Word-internal -rs-, e.g. in

pe

rs

ist, ve

rs

e,

is almost always pronounced /rs/*

with unvoiced /s/. This doesn't apply to words that end in -rs, like

sta

rs

or

you

rs

(these have /rz/*).

?

Based on identifying particular suffixes:

?

The ending

-sive

is usually pronounced /s?v/ with voiceless /s/, even when

there is a vowel letter immediately preceding the letter

explo

s

ive, inva

s

ive, abu

s

ive, deri

s

ive

are all pronounced with /s/.

The ending

-o

s

ity

is always pronounced with voiceless /s/.

?

名词复数后面

s

的发音规则

一般来说，

s

在元音或浊辅 音后读

[z}

，在清辅音后面读成

[s ]

，在

[t]

后与

[t]

在一起

读成

[ts]

，在

[d]

后与

[d ]

一起读成

[dz]

。

cups

杯子

days

日子

hands

手

hats

帽子

2

、以

s,sh,ch,x

结尾的 词在词尾加－

es

，读

[iz]

classes

班级

buses

公共汽车

boxes

盒子

watches

手表

3

、以“元音字母＋

y

”结 尾的词，加－

s

，读作

[z]