-
阅读理解专题
阅读短文
,
回答问题
What sport do you like best?
Daniel: I like basketball best. I often
watch NBA. I play basketball every day. I am
short, but I
am strong. I am a good
basketball player in our school.
Lucy:
Ping-ping is my favourite sport. I am a Chinese
and Chinese ping-pong players are the
best in the world. I want to be a good
ping-pong player too. I often play it every
afternoon.
Tom: I am tall and strong. I
like football best. My father is a football
player. I often watch my
father play
football. My father often teaches me to play
football. I play with my father and others
in the park every day.
( )
1. What sport does Daniel like?
A.
Football
B. Basketball
C.
Ping-pong
D. Swimming
( ) 2.
Who likes football best?
A. Daniel
B. Tom
C. Lucy
D.
Nobody
( ) 3. What does Tom
'
s father do?
C.
A policeman.
D. A football player.
A. A teacher.
B. A doctor.
( ) 4. When does Lucy often play ping-
pong? A.
Every morning. B. Every
afternoon.
C. Every evening.
D. At the weekend.
( ) 5. Which of the following is RIGHT?
A. Daniel is tall.
B. Lucy
wants to be a doctor.
C. Tom is thin.
D. The
passage
(
文章
)
is about favourite sports B
Hi! My name is Millie. I am from
England. I am twelve years old. I am slim and
tall. I have long hair.
I like music. I
listen to music every evening. I like reading and
I am in the Reading Club. But I don
'
t like
sports.
Hello! I am Peter from America. But I
live in Shanghai now. I am 13 years old. I wear
glasses. I am
tall and strong. My hair
is very short. I like sports very much. Every
afternoon, I play football on the
playground at school. I am good at
swimming too.
This is Amy. I was born
in Beijing and now I live in Nanjing. My father
works in a hospital in Nanjing.
So we
come here. I am fourteen years old. I am short but
strong. I like playing computer games. I am
polite and helpful. I often help other
students.
( ) 6. How old is Millie?
A. Twelve
B. Thirteen
( ) 7. Where does Amy come from?
A. England
B. America
( ) 8. Who wears a pair of glasses?
A. Millie
B. Peter
( ) 9. What does Amy
'
s father do?
A.
A teacher.
B. A doctor.
( )
10. What is Peter like?
A. Slim and
tall. B. Short and strong.
C. Fourteen
C. Beijing
C. Simon
C. A policeman.
D. Fifteen
D. Nanjing
D. Amy
D. A cook.
C. Tall and
strong.
D. Thin and tall.
阅读
理解所选短文体裁多样,题材各异,文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政
治历
史、人文环境和日常生活等方面
,
常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜
测词义题和
正误判断题。
一、阅读理解的应试策略
提高英语阅读水平并非一朝一夕所能奏效的。
要想具有较高的阅读水平,
考
生
就必须具备扎实的语法知识,
相当数量的词汇,
渊博的背景知识,
过硬的专业
知识
以及较高的分析能力、
认识能力和逻辑思维能力等。
这就要求我们除了掌握
好语言基
p>
础知识外,还必须经常大量阅读各种体裁、题材的英语读物,如《英语
辅导报》、《英
语沙龙》、《英语学习》等报刊上的文章。
每天要根据自己的情况尽
可能地多读几篇,
< br>这样长期坚持下去,词汇量会得到扩大,知识面能得到拓宽,
阅读速度也会逐步加快,
语言感受能力将会增强,
因而阅读水平也会随之提高。
二、阅读理解的应试技巧
应该指出的是,
应付测试不是阅读理解的目的,
只有通过长期的练习和积极
思
考才能真正提高阅读能力,但应试技巧可以
帮助考生增加自信心,并在一定
程度
上提
高考试成绩。下面的临场应考技巧仅供参考。
1
、如果文长题少,则以略读的方式先读一遍,而后带着问题去查阅,求得
要找的
答案。
2
、如果文短题多,则应先仔细阅读该短文,再去做题。遇到某个题答不来
时,可
带着该问题去查阅有关细节。
3
、如果问的是一段文章的中心思想,则应重点读段首句和段未
句,看是否
有主题
句。
有时主题句可能位于段中,
也有的段落无明显的主题句,
那就要自己
分析、归
纳中心思想。
4
、如果问题要求解答案数字、人名、地名、时间等,则可直接用查阅的方<
/p>
法来寻
求答案
三、常见题型的剖析
(
一
)
主旨题
主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。
做此类题时,
应通读全文,
理
解
文章大意,
充分理解主题句的意义。
短文往往围绕主题句展开,
主题句通常出现在短文第
一句
或最后一句。
(
二
)
细节题
细节题是用来进一步表达主题,
体现中心思想的,
往往针对短文某个细节来设题。
做此
类
题时
,应快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、数字等,阅读时要有针对性。
(
三
)
推断题
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论,
主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。
这类推断通常包
括:数据事实推断、
常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时,应
根据
短文中的相关语句,对与事实有关的细节加以分析,找出线索,悟出字里行
间的意思,
反复比
较,从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。
(
四
)
猜测词义题
猜测词义题主要考查学生
根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。
一般情况下,
推断
词
义的题目中所出现的单词,
大多数是学生未曾见过的生词,
学生需要在该词出现的上下文
中去
寻找线索。
通过阅读上下文,断定该词的真正含义,
然后将这个释义代入文中,检查是
否
贴
切,仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。
1.
通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词,
首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,
然后才能猜词。
有时文
章
借助关联词
(
如
because
,
as
,
since
,
for
,
so
,
thus
,
as a result
,
of course
,
there fore
等
等
)
表示前因后果。例如:
You
shouldn't have blamed him for that
,
for it wasn't his fault.
通过
for
引出
的句子所表示的原因
(
那不是他的错
)
,可猜出
blame
的词义是
责备
。
2.
通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由
and
或
or
连接的同义词词组,如
happy
and gay
,即使
我们
不认识
gay
这个词,
也可以知道它是愉快的意思;
二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的
同义
词,如
Man has known something about the
planets Venus
,
Mars
,
and Jupiter wi
th the help of spaceships.
此句中的
Venus
(
金星
)
、
Mars
(
火星
)
、
Jupiter
(
木星
)
均为生
词,但只要知道
planets
就可猜出这几个词都属于
行星
这一义域。
通过反义词猜词,
一是
看
表转折关系的连词或副词,如
but
,
while
,
however
等
;
二是看与
not
搭配的或表示否定
意义的词语,如:
He is so
homely
,
not at
all as handsome as his brother.
at
all...handsome
我们不难推测出
homely
的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.
通过构词法猜词
根据
not
在阅读文章时,
我们总会遇上一些新词汇,
有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意,
而它们
对
文
章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用,此时,
如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法
知识,
这些问题便不难解决了。
4.
通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如:
But sometimes
,
no rain falls for a long
ry period
,
or drought.
,
long
time. Then there is a d
从
drought
所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便
有一段干旱的时期,即
droug ht
,由
此可见
drought
意思为
久旱
,
< br>
旱灾
。而
a
dry period
和
drought
是同义语。这
种同义或释义关系常由
is
,
or
,
that is
,
in other words
,
be called
或破折号等来表示。
5.
通过句法功能来推测词义
例如:
Bananas
,
oranges
,
pineapples
,
coconuts and
some other kind of fruit g row in warm
areas.
假如
pineapples
和
coconuts
是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处
的位置来判断它们大
致的意思。从句中不难看出
pineapples
,
coconuts
和
bananas
,
orang es
是同类关系,同属
fruit
类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
6.
通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌
或内在
特征的描写。例如:
The penguin is a kind of sea bird
living in the South P ole. It is fat and walks in
a
funny way. Although it cannot fly
the icy water to catch the fish.
,
it can swim in
从例句的描述中可以得知
penguin
是一种生活在南极
的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(
五
)
正误判断题
正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、
信息的理解能力。
一般是根据文章的事实
或
细节,给出一个句子,判断其正误。这类题比较直接,难度相对较小。做此类题时,应先< p>
看题,
后带着“问题”快速阅读短文,寻找所需
要的信息。
阅读短文
,
回答问题
C
My name is Rachel. I am a
student in Toronto, Canada. It is the second
largest country in size in
the world.
Every day my brother Andrew and I go to
school at 9:00.I dislike getting up at 8:00 in the
morning!
When we finally get up, we
need to eat breakfast quickly at home and walk to
school.
At school we learn English and
French, because Canadian speak English and French.
Of course,
we also learn history, art,
science and math.
My brother
'
s favourite spiosr
ftootball. But I can
'
t
play football att hsecrheo oisl no
grassy
—
area on the playground.
School ends at 3:30 Andrew and I walk
back home. I have to do a lot of homework first.
After dinner
I can relax. My favorite
hobby is going for a boat-ride with dad. Sometimes
I go to the park. I hope you
can enjoy
learning about my life.
(
)11
.
is the second largest in the world.
A .Canada
'
s
size
B. Canada
'
s population
C. the number
of the students
D. Canada
'
s food
)12
.
Rachel and his
brother go to school
A in the school
bus
B in their father
.
(
(
'
s caCr on foot
D by bike
)13
.
What language does Rachel learn at
school.
A English and science
B English and French
C
French and reading
D Chinese and
English
)14
.
Rachel
'
s
brother likes
best.
A
volleyball
B football
C
baseball
D badminton
(
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