-
第一单元
Text A
Reading Comprehension
1.
1) (1) sniffed at, smug
(2) proud
2) (1) the few
remaining holes, quite soon
(2)
disheartened
3) (1) impossible to be
truly alone, more and more endangered,
staring, even
(2) critical
4) (1) love the
wilderness,
can’t wait for my next trip, walk for
miles, drink deeply from a mountain
stream, stretch out under the
open sky,
gaze up at the stars, use my phone
(2)
optimistic
2.
1) F The
author admitted that his colleague kind of had a
point
because he did use GPS. That is
to say, to some degree he agreed with
his colleague.
2) NG It is
not mentioned in the text.
3) F
Waldeinsamkeit
becomes more and more endangered with
every
cell tower.
4) T
Technology can enhance your wilderness experience,
for example
the Night Sky mobile app,
an app concerning birding, or a map app.
5) F The phone isn’t the problem. The
problem is us —
our inability
to step away from email and games and
inessential data, our inability
to look
up, be it at an alpine lake or at family members.
Language in Use
4.
A.
Noun
competition
competitor
competitiveness
civilization
civility
deletion
enforcement
enforcer
Verb
Adjective
compete
competitive
civilize
civilized
civil
delete
deletable
enforce
enforce
enforceable
identification
identify
i
dentified
identity
identifier
migration
migrant
persistence
population
migrate
migrant
migratory
persist
persistent
populate
p
opulous
populated
urge
urgency
urge
urgent
identifiable
B.
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1) urge, urgent
2) delete,
deletions
3)
enforced, enforcement
4)
identification, identified
5) persistence, persistent
6) civilization, civilize
7) populated, populous
8) migrate, migration
1) draw the line
2) off the grid
3) had a point
4) get away from it all
5.
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5) (Being) free of
6) serve up
7)
save for
8)
live with
1) sniffed at
2) murmuring at
3) rejoice at
4) grasp at
5)
Glancing at
6)
marveling at
7)
aim at
8)
barked at
1) packed with
2) consisting with
3) endowed with
4) quivering with
5) combined with
6) gossiping
with
7) compromise with
8) paled with
6.
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7.
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8.
Reference translation
1)
我们走了
200
多英里却没有踏足任何公路；更爽的是，这期间我们没有回复
任何电话、电子邮
件、推特或其他日常网络通信。这简直就是人间天堂。
2)
但当我们走到小路尽头，站在惠特尼山巅，俯瞰着广阔无垠的西部，随处可
见的各种智能手机让我惊愕不已。
3)
每个人对何为彻底逃离（科技）都有自己的定义。在某些人看来，我的所谓
彻底逃离其实并不彻底。
4)
现
在的情形已基本如此了。只消上网看看国家电信和信息管理局的全美宽带
覆盖图，你就会
发现，除了一些高山和人烟稀少的沙漠外，全国基本呈一片连
续的蓝色。
5)
这些做法也许荒诞可笑，却发人深省。我们生
活在一个非凡的年代，在这个
年代里，真正的独处很快将难以企及。
9.
Reference translation
Bhutan did not introduce TV until 1999,
and is the last country that
is open to
TV and the Internet. Its mobile phone and Internet
penetrations are as low as 30% and 5%
respectively, almost out of
tune with
the modernized world. Now that the majority of its
people
have no mobile phones and no
access to the Internet, they have little
odds of being phubbers or night
persons. While the other countries
are
striving desperately to develop economy and boost
GDP at all
costs, what Bhutan pursues
is GNH (Gross National Happiness). They
are willing to take advantage of modern
technology, but would do it
at their
own pace, according to their own needs and at
their own
proper time. Although
likewise thirsting for economic prosperity,
Bhutan refuses to realize it at the
price of their cherished
tradition and
culture.
Text B
Reading Comprehension
1.
1) (1) objective
(2) People show love to their mothers
online on Mother’s Day.
2)
(1) subjective
(2) The influence of
technology is admittedly an important factor,
but it is also true that the Millennial
Generation is more obsessed
with
individualism than ever.
3) (1)
subjective
(2) Whether the pursuit of
originality is the cause or consequence of
our generation’s alienation, the two
are clearly linked and central
to
understanding it.
4) (1) objective
(2) It is reported that Millennials are
more materialistic and
indifferent.
Language in Use
2.
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3.
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1) conscious
2) profess
3) dilemma
4) alienate
5) prejudice
6) interaction
7) obsession
8) crafted
1) at the cost of
2) at the mercy of
3) at the speed
of
4) in partnership with
5) in accordance with
6) in
connection with
7) beyond doubt
8) beyond words
9) beyond
comparison
4.
Reference
translation
1) Many people tend to be
more concerned with how other people react
to an issue, rather than how they feel
about it themselves.
2) We’re going to
look into the root cause of the failure, and get
it resolved once and for all.
3) The most challenging thing in
foreign language learning might be
to
think in the same manner as native speakers.
4) She was not beautiful. Nothing about
her was extraordinary.
Nothing about
her made her stand out.
5) Many of
these interviewers will be your supervisors and
colleagues, and they will take turns
asking you questions.
Writing
Exercise 1
1) As a result of
human population growth, deforestation and
hunting,
the number of koalas has
declined.
2) The work was physically
hard; the pay was poor; and most of all,
the working conditions were dismal.
3) Because of its sense of loyalty, its
ability to be trained, and
its great
companionship, a dog is the perfect pet for me.
4) The person who practices tae kwon do
gains discipline, maturity,
and a
changed self-concept.
Exercise 2
?
?
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?
?
?
?
1) b
2) b
3) b
4) a
Exercise 3
For reference
1) it appears that computers have made
our life and work more
convenient
2) meals prepared by either chefs or
cooks can be equally delicious
3) have
their idiosyncrasies
4) its crowdedness
and inconvenience sometimes
第二单元
Text A
Reading Comprehension
1.
The students’
response
1. As the room
filled with
chattering
voices, each one grew louder
to
compete with the
clamor
around them.
Inference: The students were
indifferent
to
the history class.
2. A soft
murmur rippled
across the room as students turned from
side to side and whispered expressions
of
disbelief
.
Inference: The students
doubted
about the
history teacher’s words.
3.
The room grew
still
now.
Inference: The students
became
serious
about the history course.
4.
No one
dropped
the course.
Inference: The
students were
convinced
to take the course.
2.
Cons of liberal education:
A. Many students
would
reject
the appeal of
pursuing liberal
education, for they
believe that:
1) In an increasingly
specialized world you must concentrate on
a
single area
and become
an expert in that
field
, forsaking
all
other subjects
.
2) “Liberal arts” is like something you
pursue if
you don’t have
a real major
.
3)
Liberal arts courses should
be
got
out of the way, and the
advisors should help students
check off
those
requirements.
4) Schools exist only to
get you the right certificate or degree, not
to help you develop as a
creative, critically intelligent,
compassionate, and concerned human
being
.
B. Many professors
and deans also don’t understand why students
should
take all those
general education requirements
because they
know very
little about
what the whole tradition
of liberal education
entails
.
C. Some
influential policy-makers in Washington,
D.C.
dismiss
liberal education as
meaningless
for they hold
that:
1) The value of education is to
prepare for a job
.
2) The aim of higher learning is to
train someone to do a task that
would make them money
.
Pros of liberal education:
Our most creative and productive
subjects found
great value
in
general and liberal
education because:
1) It enables
students to
encounter
a vast range of
ideas and
creations
, so that they can
recognize good ideas
when meeting them.
2) It
helps students to
engage and
stimulate
their minds, and
understand education as a
developmental process
in which they
sought to
grow the power of their
minds
.
Language in Use
4.
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1) stimulating,
stimuli
2) implicate, implication
3) compassion, compassionate
4) specialize, specialization
5) reject, rejection
6)
defined, definite
7) utilizing, utility
8) influential, influence
1)
by accident
2) by turns
3) By contrast
4) by
definition
5) in case of
6)
in terms of
7) in consideration of
8) in honor of
1) groping
for
2) strive for
3)
applauded for
4) substituted for
5.
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6.
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5) compensate for
6) stand
for
7) weep for
8) blame for
1) comment on
2) deciding on
3) elaborate on
4) imposed
on
5) concentrate on
6) acts
on
7) feed on
8) relied on
7.
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8.
Reference translation
1)
接下来的几分钟里，他简要介绍了通识教育的发展历史，告诉学生们“通
识”一词来自拉丁语，意为“自由”，这种学校教育在古代只有自由的小孩
（而非奴隶
）才能享受。
2)
现代的通识教育
让学生接触许多理工和人文学科，这些学科知识有助于深入
探求人生重大问题的答案。<
/p>
3)
他们认为，高等教育如果不以培
训学生做事挣钱为核心，就是毫无意义的。
4)
如果想弄清我们的调查对象究竟做了什么成就了极富成效与创造力的人生，
我们就必须理解为什么他们如此重视在选定专业领域之前所接受的通识教育。
5)
他们把教育理解为一种成长历程，在此过程中，他们致力
于思维能力的提
升，这样一种理解也影响到了他们所尝试的学习方向。
< br>
9.
Reference translation
The imperial examination system in
China began to be put into
practice in
the Sui Dynasty and lasted more than 1,300 years.
In
ancient China, class consciousness
was distinct and people from lower
classes had little chance to gain a
position in the official court.
But
once the imperial examination system was
introduced, scholars
from poor families
had opportunities to take the government exams,
which enabled them to bring honor to
their families. Such a talent-
selection
system had great impact not only on the politics,
economy,
education, cultural concepts
and social customs in Chinese feudal
society, but also on the education
systems of such neighboring
countries
as Japan, Korea and Vietnam. To some extent,
China’s
current education system has
selectively inherited some advantages
from the imperial examination system.
Text B
Reading Comprehension
1.
1) pro
Plumbing college clearly
has
a lot to recommend
it. You
learn
useful and relevant
skills
there. You become
eminently
employable
. And you probably
don’t find yourself having ?30,000 of
tuition fees to pay back
when you finally complete the course.
2) con
A humanities student
in the 1980s, pursuing a non-vocational course,
could still
feel
confident
that the degree he or she was
studying
was
worthwhile in
itself
. University was supposed to be
about
a
broadening and
deepening of the individual
.
3) con
Job prospects,
employability skills and building networks of
“contacts”, must be
a secondary or even tertiary
concern
.
Study
something that fascinates
you
, and
worry about the
future later on
.
4) con
Classicists would be able to
tell us that Aristotle’s concept of
“flourishing” as an individual
—
eudaimonia
—
does not imply
great
material success at all. Living and doing well is
what matters
.
One probably
needs to be well educated to achieve this, but
not
necessarily paid an
inves
tment banker’s salary (or
bonus)
.
Language in Use
2.
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1) affordable
2)
conscientious
3) synthetic
4) suppress
5) defiant
6) condemn
7) incurred
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3.
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8) fascinate
1) as far as … is concerned
2) take on
3) die down
4) in due course
5) may as well
6) go through
7) for the
sake of
8) pays
off
4.
Reference translation
1)
这位焦虑的家长上世纪
80
年代读的本科，那时学生生活的某些本质还是不
言自明的，尽管英国
当时正经历着一次重大的经济转型。
2)
< br>我曾亲耳听到时任首相托尼?布莱尔（他毕业于牛津大学圣约翰学院）宣称
“学得
越多，挣得也越多”，说这话时他显然没有挖苦之意。
3)
一旦政治上的争执和愤慨（不管是真义愤还是伪装的）平息下来，我们所有
人将不得不冷静思考如何帮助我们的孩子应付他们终将面对的债务。
4)
与最初用来替代助学金的学生贷款一样，贷款付学费、再
慢慢偿还的方式，
可能将成为年轻人所能获取的最好最实惠的贷款之一。
5)
就在
20
多年前我们很多人都还得到过父母的经济支持，然而随着这个国家
里“夹缝
中的中产阶级”日益沦落，极有可能这也要变成稀罕事了。
Writing
1
1)
Victoria as a favorite tourist city and a
comfortable place to
live
2)
location and climate, interesting things to do
there, lifestyle
3) healthy life, clean
and pleasant environment, good standard of
living, artistic atmosphere and good
taste
2
American Fast Food:
Why Is It So Popular in China?
I. American fast food is now very
popular in China.
A. There are several
kinds of popular American fast food restaurants
in China.
(McDonald,
Kentucky, Pizza Hut, etc.)
B.
These fast food restaurants serve
different kinds of food
.
C.
The number of American fast food
restaurants in China is
increasing
dramatically
.
II.
There are several reasons for the
popularity of American fast
food in
China
.
A.
The
service is generally good
.
1.
It is fast
.
2.
The employees of the
restaurants are professional and
friendly
.
3.
It
is convenient for people too busy to prepare a
meal
.
4. The environment is
clean and pleasant.
B.
The
food tastes good
.
1.
It tastes different from typical
Chinese food and excites Chinese
taste
buds
.
2.
The
taste is the same in chain stores, which provides
a sense of
security and
standard
.
C. The packaging
makes the food look appealing.
1.
Colorful paper wrappings appear
appealing
.
2. Plastic
utensils are clean and convenient.
D.
Various promotions attract
customers
.
1. Discount and
special prices help the sales.
2.
TV commercials and newspaper
advertisements greet regular
customers
and catch new ones
.
III.
The popularity of American fast food is
a result of both the
food culture and
the lifestyle it represents
.
第三单元
Text A
Reading Comprehension
1.
Ordinary leaders
Best leaders
Leaders are
supposed to be
p
Struggle is
a
natural part
of
leadership and unlocks the
pot
erfect
and
struggle is regar
ential for
the greatest growth
.
ded as
a sign of
weakness
an
d
a
source of shame
.
1) They
lose
their confidenc
1) They
learn to embrace struggle as
an art to
be mastered
.
e
and doubt
their
abilitie
2) They develop skills,
capabilities
, and practices
that help
s
.
2)
They think that
something
is
wrong
with them.
New leaders
Best leaders
them cope with
challenge
and adversity
.
1) They have
no
self-regulat
1) They use
failure as a
wake-up call
.
They seek out the coun
ory
mechanism
, no brakes.
sel of
a mentor and/or turn their attention inward for
reflec
2) They repeat
the same mist
tion and
introspection
. Thus they
try
a different approach
w
akes
over and over.
hen they
encounter the same circumstances the next time.
2) They view leadership as an
enriching, deeply human
experi
ence.
Change
plays a prominent
role
in the leadership
struggle, and
creates
a natural set of
tensions
which
throw
the
leader off balance.
2.
As
one of the most 1)
influential
leaders of our
time, Steve Jobs was
a leader who had
confronted and 2)
navigated
through a number of
struggles, when he
had 3)
redefined
his life
purpose and
4)
transformed
his leadership
energies so as to serve this core
purpose. What he had achieved is
radically changing our thinking
about
leadership and 5)
innovation
.
Starting with the case of Steve Jobs,
the text presents a new idea
about
leadership, initiating a fundamentally different
premise that
struggle and leadership
are intertwined. Leadership is often a
struggle, yet strong 6)
taboos
keep us from talking
openly and
honestly about our
difficulties 7)
for fear of
being 8)
perceived
to be
in lack of strength and confidence.
Social mores 9)
reinforce
the
notion that leaders are supposed to
be perfect, and that struggle is
inherently bad, something to be ashamed
of. However, exceptional
leaders know
that it is struggle that unlocks the 10)
potential
for the
greatest growth.
To 11)
probe
real
stories of leaders, the author conducted an
extensive research studying 151
struggle examples. He discovered a
12)
distinct
pattern of
leadership struggle, which showed how
struggles threw leaders off balance.
However, what determined the
13)
outcomes
of these real-world
stories was the effectiveness of
leaders in treating the struggles.
There was much learning to be
14)
gained
even in the stories
that did not turn out so good, because
growth could often be 15)
accelerated
by
failures.
Language in Use
4.
A.
Noun
denial
distinction
emergent
Adjective
Noun
illustration
Adjective
fulfilling
maximization
perceptive
reinforcement
B.
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1) maximize, maximum
2) fulfilling, fulfillment
3) illustrations,
illustrates
4) reinforcing,
reinforcement
5) distinct,
distinction
6) perceive,
perceptions
7) denial,
deny
8) emerges,
emergent/emerging
5.
?
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?
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1) act out
2)
acts as
3) act on
4) seek … through
5) seek out
6) seek after
7)
playing at
8) (would) play
out
9) playing on
6.
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1) available
to
2) superior to
3) indispensable to
4) sensitive to
5) adverse to
6)
beneficial to
7) indifferent
to
8) comprehensible
to
7.
?
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1) be productive of
2) expressive of
3) be critical of
4) is respectful of; boastful
of
5) are desirous
of
6) be suspicious
of
7) was
neglectful/negligent of
8)
was envious of
8.
Reference translation
1)
尽管他在
2011
年不幸英年早逝，他的一生
仍然完美诠释了
个人成长、领导力发展和人性潜能实现的过程。
2)
乔布斯不仅将可以做的事情推向了新的高度，还彻底改变
了
我们对于领导力和创新精神的看法。
3)
有些领导者，特别是那些刚进入领导岗位的人，可能意识
不
到他们的行为适得其反。
4) <
/p>
他们的幸福感和成就感不仅来自于成功，更来自于这个过程
的内在
特征。
5)
即使结局不尽人意，也
可以获得很多经验教训；失败常常正
是未来发展的催化剂。
9.
Reference translation
As a manager/an administrative officer,
I have worked in four
enterprises well
known for their great passion and creativity.
Rarely
do I assign tasks for my
employees in a top-down manner. I prefer to
place myself on an equal footing with
my employees, regarding
myself as one
to motivate, coordinate or communicate with them,
rather than one to lead, monitor or
command. The 21st century has
set up a
higher and more comprehensive standard for
managers.
Turning from the traditional
role of the manager to a successful
leader, we need to create an
environment filled with passion and
innovation for all employees. In this
sense, rather than a method or
technique, leadership is actually a
unique art.
Text
B
Reading Comprehension
1.
1) F I have met many
people who feel unfulfilled, overwhelmed, or
stagnant because they are forsaking
performance in one or more
aspects of
their lives.
They aren’t
bringing their leadership abilities to bear in all
of life’s
domains
—
work, home, community, and
self.
2) NG
3) F Scoring four-way wins starts by
taking a clear view of what you
want
from and can contribute to each domain of your
life with
thoughtful consideration of
the people who matter most to you.
4) T
5)
T
6) F You don’t need a
workshop to identify worthwhile
experiments.
The process is pretty
straightforward.
Language in
Use
2.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
1) succession
2)
sustainable
3) zeal
4) entail
5) craved
6)
overwhelmed
7)
explicit
8)
unfulfilled
3.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
1) get involved with
2) be focused on
3) be committed to
4) be consistent with
5) for the taking
6) in support of
7) in common with
8) On the face of it
4.
Reference translation
在过去
20
年的专题研究和指导工作中，我见
过很多人，他们或
是觉得壮志未酬，或是不堪重负，或是停滞不前，原因就在于
他们在生活的某一个或多个领域里没有积极努力。他们没有让
领导能力在
生活的各个领域都开花结果，包括工作、家庭、社
区及他们自身（思想、身体和精神）。
当然，我们所承担的不
同角色间总存在一些矛盾冲突，但和通常理解不同的是，我们
并没有理由认为这是一个零和游戏。在四个领域都成为领导
者，有出
色表现，实现我所说的“四赢”，不舍此求彼，而寻
求它们之间的契合点与价值，这才是
更明智的做法。
Writing
1
1) The general information about the
essay mainly includes the
opinion on
the effect of stress.
2)
Contrary to popular opinion, people can learn to
turn stress into
an asset in the
classroom and the workplace.
3) The essay is going to discuss how
people can learn to make use of
stress
in the classroom and the workplace.
4) Yes. It gives general information
about the essay, contains a
thesis
statement, and catches
the reader’s
interest by offering to
share with them
how to make use of stress, which in popular
opinion
has a negative effect on
people’s lives.
2
1) This introductory paragraph gives
interesting facts about koalas.
2) This introductory paragraph states a
personal story by describing
the
author’s various work experiences.