-
1
1.3
美国副总统复旦演讲
韩市长，非常感
谢您！谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。今天我们很高兴来到这里。我和
我夫人为有这次机会
再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦
大学的热情接待。我
们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们！我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人
民的良好祝愿。
我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。
我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，
得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦
攻读和自我约束。我祝贺在座各位学业有成。对各
位老师坚持复旦大学
< br>99
年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。
1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya
at Princeton University
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Good evening.
I
am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight.
For me, for my colleagues and for many
other Chinese, Princeton has long been
a familiar name. With a history longer than the
country,
it has produced many
outstanding people, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US
president, Albert
Einstein, the great
scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to
name but a few. As former
president
Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for
the 2
50th anniversary of Princeton, “At
every pivotal moment in American
history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and
its students
have played a crucial
role.”
I am more pleased to
learn that all of you have a keen interest in
China. Though our two
countries are
geographically far apart, we have a great deal in
common in the everyday life.
While many
Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast
food, many Americans find
that their
clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I
hope that today’s semi
nar will help
you gain a better understanding of
China and its foreign policy, thus deepening
further our
friendship and cooperation.
1.5
新工厂落成典礼上的讲话
各位尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：
下午好！
欢迎大家前来参加我们公司
在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼！感谢各位拨冗光临，与
我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动！
我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各
位员工和业务伙伴说声
“
谢谢！
”
公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲，我们能干的员工感到骄
傲，他们发展了工
厂的业务，使之达到国际水平。新厂房标志着公司对中国业务的重视和
承诺。
各位供应商，我们希望与你们携手共进，使我们的业务
更上一层楼。
各位经销商，我们将继续向你们提供尖端的高质
量产品，以协助你们做好客户支持，
改善中国和东南亚许许多多人士的生活。
各位邻居和朋友，我们将成为良好的企业公民，与各位同行一起维护在中
国开展业务
的规范性。
最后，我们承诺给员工们提供一个安全、舒适的工作环境。
再次感谢各位与我们共同庆祝今天的典礼！
2
Lesson 2
2
．
3 Yo-Yo Ma
今天将与我们见面的是我们这个时代最伟大的大提琴家
-
马友友。作为大提琴演奏家，
马友友的职业
生涯已经横跨了
20
多个年头，期间他发布了
< br>50
多张专辑。他的音乐获得过
许多奖项，
其中包括令人叹服的
14
项格莱美大奖。
他也曾经在许多重要的场合演奏，
如格
莱美的颁奖
仪式和奥运会的庆典活动。
马友友是出生在法国的华裔，父母
都是音乐家，母亲是歌唱家，父亲是作曲家。第一
次正式登台演出的时候，马友友只有<
/p>
5
岁。随后他随家人迁居到了美国。
4<
/p>
年后，年仅
9
岁的马友友就在纽约极具声
望的卡耐基音乐大厅登台演出了。后来马友友进入朱莉亚音乐
学院学习提琴演奏。从那儿
他转入哈佛大学，并获得人类学学位。他在哈佛的求学经历以
及多元的文化背景都造就了
今天的马友友。
而今，马友友仍在继续他的音乐之路，并且积
极地与来自世界各地的各种流派的音乐
家合作。他的音乐灵感受到人和大自然的激发。在
马友友看来，大提琴是他声带的延伸。
他演奏时最重要的一点就是全时全情地投入，并且
努力将音乐的内容传递给现场观众。
2
．
4 CNN interview
with Jet Li
CNN
记者：祝贺《英雄》所取得
的成功。请问您在《英雄》里扮演的角色是否与你通常演
的角色很相似呢？
JL: It is a very special part and
a very special movie. I think it’s one of the most
important action
movies in my life.
CNN
记者：为什么你会这样说呢
？你演过近
30
部电影，而《英雄》是如何与其他影片不
同的呢？
JL: Usually
action films have a formula: a child whose parents
have been murdered by the bad
guys
tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up
into an outstanding Kongfu master. He
takes revenge and kills the bad guys.
But “Hero” has a much broader theme.
CNN
记者：就比如很像《卧虎藏龙》？
JL: No, it’s totally
different
. I think Ang Lee is a very
talented director. He uses martial arts to talk
about love and girls, you know… But
Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture,
Chinese
thinking and their hopes
through martial arts.
CNN <
/p>
记者：含义的确很深。我们知道您的处女作是
1979
年拍摄的〈少林寺〉
，那时你还是
个十几岁的少年
。影片在亚洲引起了轰动，并且还加拍了两部续集。我想问的是，您是如
何从一位武术冠
军成为一名好莱坞的动作明星的？
JL: I think
the most important thing is that when I was young,
I learnt martial arts,
that
is my
special key. I can use my unique
martial arts skills in the film. But after a few
years, I really want
to do something
different… like using martial arts to talk about
peace and achieve peace.
CNN
记者：这听起来似乎是矛盾的，对吗？您是一个打斗专
家，但您却要谈和平？
JL: That’s right,
because Chinese culture is not just martial arts.
That’s only the physical part. It’s
not
true that the Chinese people are all Kongfu
masters and can just beat up people; and that
they have no brains, no thoughts. As a
matter of fact, we have a deep, strong and
sophisticated
philosophy. I feel I have
the responsibility to share this information with
the worldwide
audience.
2.5
3
美国兴起在线实时信息传递的狂热大约始于五、六年前，那时
我刚上大学。开始我对
什么是网上聊天还一无所知，但我很快就明白了，没多久就对网上
聊天着了迷，只要有时
间我就网上聊天。那时我刚上大学当我把越来越多的人加到我的<
/p>
“
网友名单
”
上
时，其他人
也在做同样的事。网上聊天真是越来越普遍，很快就
“
人人为之
”
了。
我的打字技能应归功于长时间的网上聊天。然而令人遗憾的是，当我的打字速度提
高
后，一切语法规则也丢掉了。要知道，网上聊天有他们自己的速记语言，语法并不重要
。
渐渐地，网上聊天的狂热在美国降了温，之后我就来到了中国。
在这里，我发现对在线实时信息的狂热不是一种而是两种，第一种就是
< br>QQ
，它让我回想
起当年的痴迷。因此，那个循环又重新
开始了。
在
QQ
之外，还有一种恐怕是更为流行的快速传递信息的潮流，你一定猜到了
—
手机短信。
我在中国的头几个月没有手机，也就
与之没有关联。但最近我买了一个手机，才知道
了手机短信是多么有用，以及其广为流行
的原因。
我承认当我走在外面或坐在地铁里发送短信息时有点
不好意思，但有谁不这样做？无
论我走到哪儿，都能看到人们在手机上收发短信。实际上
，倒是很少看到谁拿着手机在讲
话。
看来，无论我走到世界的什么地方，都无法逃避实时信息传递的狂热。显然，这个潮
流不
会改变。然而，最终我并不对此抱怨。因为实时信息传递又快又便宜，又简单又非常
有趣
。再说了，每个人都在这么做啊。
Lesson3
3.3
史蒂夫
福布斯谈《福布斯》
我祖父
20
世纪初来到美国。
他离开英格兰时身上没什
么钱。
连他在内兄弟姐妹
10
人，
不过他自小就受到很好的教育。像许多人一样，他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。他创
办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些改变商业社会的人。
我祖父常说，做生意不是堆积百万财富，而是为带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司、
经营，文章中会用到许多数字，但焦点一直放在人上面。对公司来说，最重要的是人，而
不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的，我们现在也是这样看的。
当前的世界信息泛滥，足以将人淹没，人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息，告诉
读者哪些重要，哪些不重要。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。<
/p>
我们从不停留于表面，
总想看看公司到底是如何经营的，
正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得
《福
布斯》日益重
要。
3.4
Introduction to an arts and crafts company
Distinguished guests, dear friends,
I feel honored to have this opportunity
to introduce our company to you through the
platform
provided by this conference.
Founded 15 years ago, we are a company
specializing in the design, manufacture and sales
of
handicrafts. Fifteen years ago our
staff numbered 50; now the figure is 1,700.
Fifteen years ago
we rented a facility
covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters; now
our own facility covers a
floor space
of 24,000 square meters. These figures speak
loudly and clearly of our success.
Our
leading products are various architectural exotic
European cathedrals, the Empire State
Building, the White House, and the
Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal
toys and
Christmas gifts with a variety
of designs. Our designs have become trend setters
in the industry.
Nowadays,
our products are sold worldwide in more than
twenty countries including Japan,
4
Singapore, Australia, New
Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy,
the Netherlands,
Sweden, and Germany.
They are well received by both local importers and
customers. For
fifteen years our output
value has manifested an annual growth rate of 30%.
3
．
5
财富
500
强
45
年来，
〈财富〉杂志一直给美国的
大公司排名，这就是一年一度的
“
财富
500
强
”
，
有时也将前面的
100
名成为
“
财富
100
强
”
。上榜的公司基本上都是头年收入名列前茅的美
国本土公司。财富杂
志根据上市公司的公开数据来计算收入，未上市的公司没有列入，因
为它们的股票没有公
开发行。国外公司在美国的分公司也不参与排名。
“
财富
500
强
”
公司是美国规模最大、利润最多、实力最强的公司。论收入，即使
50
0
强排名最后的公司也是才大气粗，如去年排名最末的公司收入也超过
< br>30
亿美圆。
除了介绍美国公
司的
“
财富
500
强
”
之外，
〈财富〉杂志还推出了
“
全球
500
强
”
，给各国
的上市公司排名。当然，
由于美国经济在全球经济中的主导地位，许多
“
财富
500
强
”
的美
国公司也高居
“
全球
5
00
强
”
排行榜。
〈财富〉杂志也推出其他排名，如
“100
家受雇条件最佳公司
”
、
“
100
家增长最快的公
司
”
等。比较各种排名看看哪些公司重复上榜，是很有意思的事情。比如，在
“
100
家受雇
条件最佳公司
”
榜上排名第一的公司可能根本不在
“
财富
500
强
”
之列，而
排在
“
财富
500
强
”
和
“
全球
500
强
”
前列的公司，却上不了
“
最受人尊敬的公司
< br>”
排行榜。也许甲壳虫乐队说得
对
——
爱是不能用金钱买来的。
Lesson 4
4.3
西敏斯特大学介绍
非常感谢你们的盛情款待，我们很
高兴来到这里。今天很不巧，
校长没法来，我谨代表
他介绍一下
我校的情况。
西敏斯特大学成立于
1838
年，
是英国第一所工科大学，
所以我们学校有
着悠久的历史。
我们的主校区位于英国首都伦敦的中心地带。目前我们的学生来自
132
个不同国家，人数
超过
22
，
700.
所以西敏斯
特大学是全英最受国际学生欢迎的
15
所大学之一。
我们有教师
700
多人，还有来自各国的客座讲师
1
，
000
余人。
学校的国际环境为学生
日后将要面临的职业生涯打下良好的基础，我们的目标是提供国内
和国际环境下高品质的
教育和科研。
我们是一所现代大学，在传播、文
化和媒体研究、法律、亚洲研究、语言学、艺术设计
（包括音乐）
、
电子工程、
政治与国际关系方面占据领先地位，
我们的主要学科均获得高度
认可。
我们真诚希望与贵校建立交流合作项目。
4.4 Preserve
core values of the Lunar New Year
To
people of Chinese descent around the world, the
Lunar New Year (also called Spring
Festival) is undoubtedly the most
important festival of the year. Dating back 3,000
years, it
celebrates the passing of a
peaceful year and welcomes a new year.
The reunion
dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is the most
special, with members of the
extended
family gathering for the most significant meal of
the year. Even the absent members
will
endeavor to return home in time for it. It
underscores the supreme importance of the family
in Chinese culture, and aims at
strengthening the sense of togetherness and
cohesion.
The way people celebrate the New Year
embodies two important core values. The first
value
5
is the
sense of family togetherness; members of multi-
generation families are all there to have a
big reunion dinner. Everyone will
follow this custom. The female members are always
held
responsible for preparing the
dinner, and some rich families may take on extra
hands. The
second value lies in the
happy visits mutually made between friends and
relatives, a good way
to strengthen
kinship and friendship.
However, economic
development has resulted in some changes in
lifestyles. After a busy
year, people
are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and
would rather hold their reunion
dinner
in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs.
The festival door-to door visits have
given way to New Year greetings via
telephone or text messages. Some families even go
to such
extremes as to travel and seek
temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being
visited.
Some tradition-minded people regard the
reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close
friends during the New Year as core
values, without which the holiday would lose much
of its
significance. Some pessimists
contend that, as the popularity of western culture
grows, Chinese
traditional festivals
gradually lose their original meaning and
degenerate into commercial
festivals
like Christmas.
The Spring Festival is an
important part of the Chinese cultural heritage,
and it will continue
to be celebrated.
The modes of celebration may change, but the core
value should be sustained:
that of
respect for kinship and friendship.
4.5
中英教育交流
Q: My question is about educational
exchanges. You mentioned in your speech that there
are
large numbers of Chinese students
studying in Britain. As we know, it is extremely
difficult to get
a scholarship in a
British university. But the tuition fees for
international students far exceed
these
for home students. So we can not help wondering
about the motivation of British
universities in enrolling Chinese
students. Is it to promote educational exchanges
with China and
to liven up campus life
in Britain, or just for a commercial purpose?
Thank you.
A: <
/p>
这实际上是出于多种考虑。我不否认有商业考虑，办大学也要花钱，不过教育交流是主
要目的。奖学金难申请是因为钱要政府出，有时候纳税人有意见，说政府应该把奖学金给
本国学生而不是外国学生。所以很困难。
但我们现在已经在扩大奖学金范围
。
事实上，
过去几年，
中国学生来英国
留学生人数大
大增加了，这说明奖学金难归难，你们还是有办法来留学的。
< br>我想教育交流在未来会非常重要，
我也希望，
每一次外国
学生来英国学习，
回去时就像
是一个英国大使，到他的国家为我
们宣传，不管是在中国，俄罗斯还是哪个国家。所以我
们在扩大教育规模，
吸收更多海外留学生。
所以你们继续申请奖学金，
我
们会尽力帮助的。
Q: Mr.
Blair, welcome to Tsinghua University. I was
deeply impressed by your support for
Sino-British educational exchanges, but
I was also sorry to learn that some universities
in
northeastern Britain have decided to
cancel the major of Chinese Culture and Language,
among
them the University of Durham.
Will this affect cultural and educational
cooperation between
our two countries?
If so, what is your solution?
A:
讲到学校的课程，既然我听说了这件事，我打算回去看看
究竟，不过大学做出这样的决
定原因很多，也许是经济原因，或者是他们面临某种困难，
这也是时有的事。要把想做的
6
事
都办成，钱总是不够的。不过我可以向你保证，我们会一如既往地欢迎中国学生来英国
学
习，就算杜伦大学没有合适的专业，其他大学也肯定有。
Lesson 5
5.3 Premier Wen’s Speech at the Opening
Ceremony of the 15th General Assembly Session of
the World Tourism Organization
Mr. Francesco Frangialli,
Secretary-General of the World Tourism
Organization,
Ms. Louise Frechette,
Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations,
All Delegates, ladies and gentlemen,
At this October time when
Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery
in the fresh air
and clearest weather,
the 15th General Assembly Session of the World
Tourism Organization is
officially
opened here. On behalf of the Chinese
government, I would like to
extend our
sincere welcome to all the
guests here and to express our warm
congratulations on the
convening of
this session.//
Tourism is a nice and
pleasant activity that combines sightseeing,
recreation and health care.
Tourism has
been developing all along with the progress of the
times. Since the middle of the
20th
century, modern tourism has been growing at a fast
pace around the world. The number of
tourists has ever been on the rise, the
scale of the tourism industry has been in constant
expansion, and the position of tourism
in the economy has clearly risen. Tourism serves
gradually as an important bridge of
cultural exchange, friendship and further
exchanges, and
exerts more and more
extensive influence on the human life and social
progress among various
countries. //
As a country with a civilization with a
long history, China is also a big oriental country
full of
modern vitality, not to mention
its unique, rich and varied tourism resources.
Besides the
picturesque natural
scenery, profound history and extensive culture,
China embodies the
different folk
customs of 56 nationalities. Currently, there are
29 places that have been listed as
World Cultural and Natural Heritage
sites.
Thanks to the
further push by the opening up and
reform, China’s modern construction is
surging ahead, and the cities and the country are
experiencing daily changes. The ancient
glory of China and its modern boom add radiance
and
charm to each other, joining to
create most favorable conditions for developing
our domestic
and international tourism.
//
The first 20 years of the 21 century
represent an important strategic period for China
to
achieve the all-round construction
of a well-off society and to speed up its
socialist
modernization. It also
provides a favorable time for the further
development of China’s tourism
industry. We shall promote tourism as
an important in
dustry in China’s
national economy,
properly protect and
utilize our tourism resources and try to achieve
sustainable tourism
development. The
Chinese government welcomes all international
friends to visit China. We
shall do our
best to protect their health and safety; and at
the same time encourages more
Chinese
people to go abroad for visits. We are ready to
develop extensive cooperation with
other counties and contribute to global
tourism growth.//
For many years, the
World Tourism Organization has made active and
effective efforts for the
promotion of
tourism prosperity and development around the
globe. The World Tourism
Organization
has become a specialized agency of the United
Nations. We would like to offer our
sincere congratulations. We believe
this WTO General Assembly session will give a
major push
7
to
the further prosperity and development of tourism
in the world.//
Finally, I wish the
15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism
Organization every
success.
Thank you.
5.4
世界旅游组织简介
世界旅游组织是政府间唯一接纳旅游经营着的组织，它受联合国委托，在各国旅游业
的宣传和发展工作中起着核心的作用。它成立于
1975
年，总部设在
西班牙首都马德里。
世界旅游组织的宗旨是促进和发展旅游事业，
使之有利于经济发
展、
国际间相互了解、
和平与繁荣以及不分种族、性别、语言或
宗教信仰、尊重人权和人的基本自由，并强调在
贯彻这一宗旨时，要特别注意发展中国家
在旅游事业方面的利益。
世界旅游组织的成员分为正式成员、
联系成员和附属成员三类。正式成员是指所有的
主权国家。联系成员指的是那些不必负责
外交事务的地区。这些成员需要经过为他们承担
外交责任的政府的批准。
附属成员的范围十分广泛，包括直接从事旅游业或与旅游业有关的组织和企业
，如：
航空公司以及其他运输公司、饭店、餐馆，旅游批发商和零售商、金融界、保险公
司、出
版界等机构。
到
2003
年，
世界旅游组织有正式成员包括
141
个国家，
7
个联
系成员和
350
个附属成
员，它们代表
着私营业者、教育机构、旅游协会以及地方旅游管理机构。
5.5
现代化与文化遗产的保护
主：
Welcome to our studio. My
first question is : how many years have you been
in China?
客：
3
年多了。
我是
2002
年
5
月底来的。
主：
3
years. I bet you have witnessed a lot of changes
in China. Could you tell us your deepest
impression of urban development in
China?
客：我恐怕只能就我所在的城市谈谈经验，不过从周边城市的所见所闻，
我也会有同样的
看法。所有的外国人都非常清楚地看到，中国和中国的许多城市都正在快
速地发展。我想
在东部沿海城市更是如此。到处耸立着崭新的高楼大厦，马路变得更加宽
阔。
主：
What do
think of all these tall buildings and widened
roads?
客：这个问题提的好，但是我觉得这是个相当复杂的问题。
主：
Why is it complicated?
客：
这个问题得从两个不同角度来谈。
一方面
是我作为一个外国人所期望的。
。
。
我
想看的，
我感兴趣的。
。
。和中国人想
看的或者想让我看的肯定是不一样的。另一方面就是现代化与
旧城文化保护相互冲突的问
题。
主：
Then let’s
see what are the differences between a foreigner’s
expectations and what the
Chinese would
like to see.
客：这个问题看来最好这么来谈。
。
。
。一般情况下，
中国朋友带我们参
观城市时，都是带我
们去看现代建筑。
。
。比如机场、大桥、会展中心。
。
。等等城市里最新的东西。
但是外国人
对老城区、
小街小巷、
古旧
建筑更感兴趣，
。
。
。
也就是那些使这个城市有别于我们所看过的
其他城市的东西。一个外国人到过世
界上的其他地方可能比一般中国人多，所见过的机场
和桥梁对他们来说没什么太大的不同
，但是西安的庙宇他们就觉得有别与法国的教堂，更
重要的是，中国城市的老房子更有别
于英国城市的老房子。
主：
That
is to say, foreigners are interested in the things
unique in China, but there is a
contradiction between modernization and
preservation, as you mentioned just now from
8
another
perspective. The space of a city is limited; the
old part of the city should be
reconstructed, and in fact the new
buildings are symbols of the prosperity of a city.
Isn’t this a
good thing?
客：当
然，繁荣与发展对你们来说是很重要的，对我们来说也是很重要。问题是当一个国
家发展
的时候，人民的生活水平也随之提高，甚至可能提高很快。
。
。
他们需要让别人看到
这种变化的事实。你们似乎忽略了对以前事物保护的需要，不止是保
护那些庙宇或者宫
殿。
。
。而是应该保
护人们居住的房屋，保护老城区的原貌。文化遗产一旦遭到破坏，你们
是无法挽回这种损
失的。
主：
You are
quite right. People nowadays are starting to
realize the importance of the
preservation of heritage. Some local
governments are making great efforts to deal with
the
contradiction between development
and preservation. Well, because of the limitation
of the
time, I’m afraid we have to stop
now, thank you ever so much for your coming to
discuss this
topic with us. We hope
you’ll come again.
Lesson 6
6.3
每当谈及饮食卫生问题时，你可能会直接联想到青少年，其实，许多不良饮食习惯开
始于孩提时代。
小孩子的不良饮食习惯有许多表
现方式，它包括用餐没有规律，经常吃的过饱或经常
饿肚子，有些孩子可能已经开始食用
最没有营养的垃圾食品，专吃某一食品或着不愿吃某
一食品。
当你的孩子明显地表现出只想吃花生酱和果冻三明治时，作为家长就要注意寻找孩子
缺乏卫生饮食习惯的原因。
假如家长怀疑
他们的孩子有了不良的饮食习惯，他们就该带孩子看健康方面的专家，
比如通科的医生、
心理医生或者营养师。
但是在帮助孩子改变态度以及不良习惯
的过程中，
家长本身也能起到一个重要的作用，
因为孩子会仿效
他们家长的饮食习惯。比如说，如果家长正在节食，他们应该注意到他们
没有让他们的孩
子误以为面包和粮食是不好的食品。
家长们对培养健康的饮食
习惯应该发挥积极的作用，因为全家都需要健康，改变不良的饮
食习惯应该落实到每个家
庭成员。孩子们的不良饮食习惯应该尽早就能被发现。
6.4
国际烟草控制公约
女士们、先生们：
首先，我要告诉大
家一个好消息。一个以降低死亡与疾病主要原因为目的的公约刚刚
生效。
这个公约叫
《烟草控制框架公约》
。
< br>它是由世界卫生组织主持达成的第一个国际公共
卫生条约。
已经有
160
个国家在公约上签字
，签了约的国家必须在他们的国家批准该公约。迄今
为止，已批准了公约的国家接近
60
个。但是只有
40
个国家需要批准使之生效。该公约在
2005
年
2
月
27
日生效。
各缔约国必须提高香烟和其他烟草制品的价格和税收，他们必须打击
非法的烟草制品
贸易，必须采取措施减少公共场所被动吸烟等。
公约还禁止烟草广告以及烟草商进行赞助活动。但是这样的限制必须不会冒犯该国的
宪法规定。
公约号召各烟草公司为大众生
产香烟替代品。健康的警告词不应该包括可能让吸烟者
9
<
/p>
误以为某些香烟的危害程度比其他香烟小的信息。专家说所有的香烟都是不安全的。
缔约国还必须支持开展帮助人们戒烟的活动。
应该开展告诫人们不要吸烟的教育活动。
世界卫生组织的研
究表明，全球目前有烟民约
10
亿人。
80%
多的烟民生活在发展中国
家。经常吸烟的人有一半死于吸
烟，每年世界上有近
500
万人因吸烟而死亡，专家指出，
按照目前的增长速度，到
2020
年，这个
数字将达到
1
，
000
万人。
吸烟导致并增加了患各种疾病的危险。这些疾
病包括癌症和心脏病。吸烟的孕妇可能
伤害胎儿。最近研究提供了更多的事实，证明孩子
从小就吸入烟雾，他们长大后得肺癌的
危险性增大。
《烟草控制框架公约》广受世界人们的欢迎，但是补充的协议还需要进一步完善。比
如，发展中国家贯彻公约需要资金的支持。对于那些不能实行的国家还没有处罚的条例，
不过他们的表现将在联合国大会接受检验。
我的话完了，谢谢大家。
6.5 HIV/AIDS disease prevention
A:
王先生，早上好。非常感谢您
抽时间接受我们的采访。请您介绍一下中国目前艾滋病传
播的情况。
B: Well, in China, HIV/AIDS has
become a very serious problem related to social
development.
There have been cases of
people being accidentally infected with HIV/AIDS,
through accepting
polluted blood from
hospitals, babies acquiring the disease from their
mothers, having improper
sexual
relationships. From the time we discovered the
first AIDS patient in 1985, our country has
entered a period of rapid development
in AIDS infections. Experts estimate that more
than
900,000 people had been infected
with HIV by the end of last year. If we don’t take
some
efficient measures, this number
will double by 2010.
A:
您认为增长这么快的原因在哪里？
B: First, because of poverty, people
lack education and information about the
prevention of
HIV/AIDS. Second,
ignorance. People do not pay much attention to
this problem. Third, they lack
proper
resources, things like training, money and
information. According to reports, we still do
not have an efficient medicine to cure
HIV/AIDS.
A:
政府已经采取哪些具体的措施来控
制艾滋病在中国的蔓延呢？有什么国际合作吗？
B: We
have already got very strong support from the
international community, especially on the
technical side. And on the domestic
front, we recognize that making our people
understand and
raising their awareness
is very important. So, common sense, health
education and behavioral
changes are
the only way for people to avoid HIV infection.
A:
贵国政府在发布警报及增强公众对艾滋病传播危险性的认
识方面一直都在怎么做？特
别是在农村地区？您认为要解决这个问题还应该进一步做什么
？
B: Firstly, I think the
government should improve our monitoring system,
and secondly, NGOs
should try their
best to mobilize all the resources we can use to
help the people, especially
people at
the grass roots and the rural areas, to let them
know the terrible results of spreading
the disease and how to prevent
HIV/AIDS. I think we should do more advocacy work
among the
people.
A:
非常感谢您回答我们这么多问题。预祝你们在与艾滋病的斗争中取得成功。
B: Thank you.
Lesson 7
10
7.2
When
nations
are
faced
with
great
catastrophes,
it
is
common
for
the
accusations
to
start
flying before the dust
even settles or any debris has been cleared
当国家面临灾难，各种指责、
诘难在尘埃落定之前满天飞是一件很正常的事。<
/p>
Commentators are quick to
raise a cry over government action or lack
thereof, or whether a
disaster could
have been averted or its deadly consequences mitig
ated.
对于政府在其中的行为
或者无所行动以及一场灾难能
否被转移或者减轻其致命的后果，评论家们迅速高呼起来。
This is
especially true when many lives are lost and many
more are at stake, and society is forced
to cope with something terrible for the
first time.
当许多生命丧失，
更多生命危在旦夕时
，
社会
首次被迫对付某一种可怕的事情，这尤为重要。
There is always a steep
learning curve when it comes to responding to
calamities of this kind,
and Mother
Nature does an expert job of keeping us on our toe
s.
遇到这类灾难时，人们总是快
速学会很多东西。大自然的确
是训练我们生存能力的专家。
The ability to expect
unexpected
should be considered
something of a virtue for public officials.
人们开始认同提前为意外事故做
好准备应成为政府的重要职能之一。
The Indian Ocean tsunami that
wreaked havoc in southern Thailand and other
countries is a
perfect
example
of
why
that
is
so.
给泰国和其它国家造成巨大灾难的印度洋海啸就是一个活
生生的例子。
New policies, organizations
and procedures will spring up amid the devastation
.
这场破坏性灾
难将促生一批新政策、新机构和新程序。
Expensive
new
technologies
will
be
deployed
and
bureaucrats shuffled
around.
昂贵的新科技将应用，官僚主义被摆脱。
The
world of officialdom
will appear to be
in control, actively responding to needs and
crises as they arise.
政府官员们将
四
处奔走，积极地去应对和解决出现的问题和危机，整个官僚体系显出良好控制局面。
As a society, the people of Thailand
have demonstrated that they can come together and
help
one another in times of crisis.
在突如其来的危机到来时，泰国人民用事实证明了他们团结一
致、
共度难关的民族精神。
But we must now work
much more resolutely to prepare for possible
disasters, no matter how high or low
their probability.
从今往后我们必须下更大决心备战可能
出现的灾难
——
无论它的可能性多大还是多小。
We
cannot
just
focus
on
the
next
tsunami
because
it
is
likely
that
the
next
big
catastrophe
could
be
something
totally
different
and
unexpected.
我们
不能只把注意力放在下一次海啸上，
因为下一个巨大灾难可能完全不同并超
乎预料。
We must prepare for the worst,
no matter what form it takes.
我们必须为最坏的情况
作
准备，不管它以什么方式出现。
7.3
过去，
爱好体育的年轻人玩的
是曲棍球或棒球，
如今他们追求的是冒险和刺激
——
越接
近极限越好。
他们踩着踏板从悬崖上方滑过，
骑着山地车沿着陡峭的山峰而下，
迎着飓风冲
< br>浪，在激流中漂流，从塔台往下蹦极。
极限运动最初是
作为昂贵运动项目的替代品。城市里的孩子如果买不起贵的运动器材，
买个滑板也能玩得
兴趣盎然。
但现在极限运动已经成为体育运动中的一个全新的领域，
需要
有特制的装备和高超的技巧。甚至还有专为极限运动而设立的成为冬季极限运动
会的特奥
会，
比赛项目包括雪山赛车和攀冰运动等。
每年夏天在美国的罗德岛都会举行极限运动竞技
比赛，
比赛项目包括冲浪式特技跳伞，
即在打开降落伞前踩着小冲浪板乘风翱翔的一种特技
跳伞。
是什么原因使得极限运动如此
受欢迎呢？我想主要是因为人们喜爱惊险刺激。
特别是城
11
市居民渴望在周末走到户外从事一些具有挑战性的运动。
借助现代先进的装备，
人们能参与
更惊险的
运动而无损毫发。
危险正是极限运动的部分魅力所在。
一旦你尝
试过山地骑车或是
雪地滑板，会觉得普通的自行车或滑雪运动很乏味，难以退而去享受它
们的乐趣。
当然，
极限运动并不适合
所有人。
大多数人还是更喜欢玩篮球，
棒球或者是观看电视上<
/p>
的体育节目。
不过极限运动确实是越来越受欢迎了。
这种新颖刺激的运动很可能在将来成为
风潮。
7.4
罗格在雅典奥运会上的致辞
希腊共和国总统先生，
亲爱的希腊朋友，今晚，全世界向希腊致意三重敬意。
人类感谢你，因为你于
2
，
< br>800
年前，在奥林匹亚创立了奥林匹克运动会。
世界崇敬你，因你在现代奥林匹克运动的奠基人皮埃尔
.
德
.
顾拜的号召下，于
1
896
年
就在雅典重新恢复了这项盛事。
最重要的是，今晚全世界为你欢呼致意，感谢你举办这一届奥运会，让奥林匹克运动
会回到了它的诞生之地。
感谢所有支
持奥林匹克运动会的人，特别要感谢伟大的自愿者们，没有他们的付出，
就没有今天的盛
会。
所有参赛的运动员，我想对你们说的是，这是你们理应享
受的一刻，是你们的所有辛
劳和奉献的巅峰时刻。请通过你们的行为
——
拒绝兴奋剂和奉守公平竞技的原则，让我们
相信体育运
动正日益变得可信和纯洁。
我们的世界需要和平、宽容和友爱。
来自世界上
202
个国家的运动员，请向我们展示：体育运动能
克服民族、政治、宗教
和语言的障碍将人类联合在一起。
愿本届奥运会能真正体现在此制定的奥林匹克休战书的精神，在和平中举行。
感谢雅典！感谢希腊！
现
在，我荣幸地邀请希腊共和国总统宣布第
28
届现代奥林匹克运
动会开幕。
7.5 The
Olympic flame illuminates Beijing
June 8-9, 2004: history shall forever
remember the date. The Olympic Flame came down to
China’s Divine Land with mankind’s
yearning for peace, friendship, civilization and
progress and
with the Greek people’s
friendship for the Chinese pe
ople. rom
Travling from Olympia to the
Great
Wall, the blazing Olympic torch has brought the
Olympic spirit to Beijing, and, after
illuminating Chinese people’s desire
for peace, their wish for participation and their
appreciation of the Olympic spirit, the
torch has traveled across the five continents to
every
corner of the earth with the
Chinese people’s hearty blessing.
With the centennial impressiveness of
the Olympics and the millennial civilization of
Chinese
history, the Olympic Flame has
tied closely together Beijing and Athens, the
Chinese people and
the people of other
countries.
Wherever the torch went, the
TV cameras focused on were like unfolding one by
one our
beautiful picture rolls of
unique traditional eastern culture. Beijing, built
more than 3,000 years
ago and regarded
as the ancient oriental capital for over 850
years, continually radiates its
charm,
to be found along the wide streets and narrow
lanes, between the high buildings and
large mansions. Its primitive
simplicity and latest mod
ernity, its
dignity and vigor reflect Beijing’s
greater openness, display the Chinese
nation’s progress and civilization, how the people
live
12
actively
and optimistically, enjoy their lifestyles and
yearn for the Olympics, and present the
Chinese
people’s
passionate longing and
preparing for the 2008 Beijing Olympic games. Not
only
in Beijing, but also in Qingdao,
the co-host city and sub-site for competition for
the 2008 Beijing
Olympic Games, the
people, in their own way, express their warm
welcome to the Flame, with
countless
sails plowing through the blue sea and numerous
drums sounding loudly together on
the
sandy beaches.
On August
29th, Beijing will take over the Olympic flag from
Athens. From that moment
onward, the
attention of the whole world will be focused on
Beijing and its preparatory work
will
be arranged according to a new schedule. We will
carry out all the preparations to the
highest standard, with the highest
quality and at the highest level. We will realize
far more
widely and deeply the
ideals of a “Green,
Hi
-
tech, People’s Olympics”.
We believe that, with the
supports of the IOC, of friends in their
countries, of overseas
Chinese, of our
Party Central Committee and State Council and of
the whole Chinese people, we
are sure
to bring int
o effect the strategic
blueprint of “New Beijing, Great Olympics”, and we
are
sure to dedicate to the world these
Olympic Games which will perfectly embody the
Olympic
ideal and spirit.
May the Olympic Flame blaze
forever.
We hope to meet in 2008 in
Beijing.
May the Olympic torch be
handed down from generation to generation.
May the Olympic spirit be promoted
around the world.
Lesson 8
8.3 Premier Wen on China ‘s
political reform
A:The
interview background: On Nov. 21, 2003, Premier
Wen had an interview with the
Washington Post. During the interview,
Wen expounded on the state and target of China’s
economic and social development, as
well as the Chinese government’s view of
China
-US
relations and major
international issues. The following is an
ex
cerpt on China’s political reform.
B:
中国的经济改革发展迅速，
使得中国在短期内取得高速发展。
中国的政治改革是否需要跟
上经济改革的步伐？
A: China
embarked on the road to reform and opening up in
1978. Our reform is a comprehensive
one
which includes both economic and political
restructuring. Precisely as Mr. Deng Xiaoping
pointed out, without political reform,
economic reform would not be successful. In
essence,
political restructuring in
China aims at integrating the leadership of the
Chinese Communist Party,
the people’s
role as masters of their own affairs, and the rule
of law in the conduc
t of public
affairs.
At
present, it is particularly important to do a good
job with regard to the following. First of all,
we should develop democracy to
safeguard people’s democratic rights and to
respect and
protect their human rights.
Secondly, we should improve the legal system
through better
legislation, better
administration according to the law, greater
judicial reform. Thirdly, we should
run
the country according to the law, making our
socialist democracy more institutionalized,
standardized and regularized, and in
this way we can make sure that it will not change
because
of changes in the leadership or
changes in the views and priorities of leaders.
Fourthly, we must
strengthen
supervision, and we should make sure that the
government is placed under the
supervision of the people. We have to
develop democracy and strength supervision. Only
in this
13
way
can we make sure the government will not relent in
its efforts, and this would help avoid a
situation whereby the government would
be a failure.
China is a
big country with 1.3 billion people, so political
reform should be pressed ahead in
an
orderly fashion and in a well-organized manner.
Now there exist many misunderstandings.
For instance, with regard to freedom of
religious belief, freedom of religious belief is
clearly
written into China’s
constitution. China currently has over 100 million
religious followers and
over 100,000
religious sites.
Since the beginning of
the reform and opening up, one religious site has
been either built or
restored every
three days. There are quite a number of religious
sites around the Zhongnanhai
compound.
For instance, to the east of Zhongnanhai, there is
the Wangfujing Catholic church. To
the
south, there is the Islamic mosque on Niujie
Street. To the north, there is the Yonghe
Buddhist Monastery. To the west is the
Baiyun Taoist Temple. Nearest to Zhongnanhai is
the
famous Xishiku Catholic Church,
which has a long history in China. If you visit
these religious
sites, I’m sure you
will see people practicing their
relig
ious faith.
A:
今后中国在政治改革方面还会有
什么步骤？比如说现在的直接选举，是否会从基层推进
到乡镇？
At the moment, we have introduced the
practice of self-administration and direct
elections in
680,000 villages. This is
a great innovation, and it is also very good
practice for Chinese farmers.
We have
also intro
duced suffrage for the
election of people’s deputies at the level of
townships,
counties and urban cities
without districts. Indirect elections are held for
the leadership of
provinces, and of
municipalities with districts, as well as for the
central authorities. Why? This is
because China is such a huge country
with such a large population. It is still
underdeveloped,
and economic
development is uneven between regions, so
conditions are not ripe for direct
elections at the higher levels. The
first hindrance in my view is the inadequate
education level of
the population.
8.4
《华盛顿邮报》总编谈中国
有人说，
《华盛顿邮报》经常把中国描绘成一个
“
共产主义的专制国家
”
，那里的人
“
没有
民主，
没有自由
< br>”
。
他们问，
为什么
《华盛顿邮报》
对这些负面的字眼如此感兴趣呢？对此，
< br>我不能赞同。首先，包括《华盛顿邮报》和《纽约时报》在内，几乎所有美国大报都不再
< br>将中国称为
“
专制国家
”
。
《华盛顿邮报》已经有很长时间不再使用
类似这样的字眼了。今
天，我们依然称中国为
“
共产党国家
”
，那是因为这是一个事实，中国的确是由
共产党所统
治的。
今天，
《华盛顿邮报》
正在努力尝试去理解中国的复杂性。
去年，本报就发表了好几篇有
关中国市民社会的长篇报道。这些报道的主题多种多样，
涉及到网络、工人、政府与个体
的冲突等等。这些报道全面反映了中国的复杂性。
中国是个大国，每天都在发生很多不同的事情，这些事情很多是自相
矛盾的。比如，中
国的经济成就在短时间内让成千上万的老百姓脱贫，这是其他国家望尘
莫及的。但同时中
国也面临很多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待，看中国领导人如何解决这些
矛盾。
我们都应该向中国学习。
中国
对我们未来生活的影响将会越来越大。
在过去
50
年中，
在
美国发生的一切影响了全世界众多地方。今
天，中国的作用跟美国有异曲同工之妙。作为
正在崛起的经济大国，中国将对世界
-
包括美国
-
发挥越
来越大的影响力，尤其是在经济领
域。中国人民将很快接受这样一个现实，那就是中国发
生的事将对世界产生巨大的影响。
14
我到过中国三次。
第一次是在
1999
年
.
第二次
是在
2001
年
3
月，
期间我有幸采访了中国
国家主席江泽民。第三次是
2003
年
11
月
，期间我又采访了中国国务院总理温家宝。中国
有令人难以置信的活力，中国文化也是如
此丰富多彩。每次到中国，我都看到和学到了一
些新东西。中国的景色无与伦比，发展潜
力巨大。我认为，中国如何应对今后的挑战将决
定这个星球的未来。
我认为我没有资格来评价中国的领导人。每次当我采访中国的领导人的时候，我都
感到
他们准备充分，应答自如，知识渊博，富有远见，对中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色充
满了
自信。中国如此庞大，有这么多的问题需要对付，人们贫富差距如此之大，世界上恐
怕再
也找不到比管理中国更复杂的工作了。
这比当美国总统难得
多，
尽管两者有诸多不同之处。
8.5
与中国的理智关系
——
霍华德欢迎胡锦涛访问澳大利亚联邦议会
尊敬的众议长先生、参议长先生：
我代表澳大利亚政府及各位议员，热烈欢迎中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛来到澳大利亚联<
/p>
邦议会，同时也欢迎胡夫人以及中方的所有成员。
毫不夸张地说，若是在
10
年前，这样的访问活动是非常不可能发生的。同样，要是在
10
年前，我也无法想象作为澳大利亚的总理，我能有机会在北京对中国共产党中央党校的
官员做演讲。而在
2002
年，我作为西方中右派
政党的领袖，我确实这样做了。
我
认为，
这说明了几个问题。
这说明世界已经发生了一些变化。<
/p>
这说明澳中关系具有理
智的特征，
因为<
/p>
2002
年我的访问和今天胡主席的来访并没有以两国牺牲各自独
特的传统为
条件。我认为澳中关系是成熟而务实的，是以日趋紧密的人员往来为基础的。
两国处于不
同的社会，拥有不同的文化、传统和历史，完全没有必要回避这一事实。可以
说，澳大利
亚两大政治派别的历届政府一直努力在两国关系中体现这一事实，这对双方都
有巨大而长
远的好处。
因此，
从这几点来说，澳中关系是非常成熟和务实的关系。人员往来是极其
重要的，我
可以这样说，如今在澳大利亚最普遍的外语是汉语的一种方言。
3%
的澳洲人口，也就是超
过
55
万人，具有中国血统。就我个人而言，在我所代表的碧尼龙选区，
13.3%
的选民具有
中国血统。澳大利亚的中国留学
生达到了
34
，
000
人。
……
胡主席、胡夫人，非常欢迎你们的来访。感谢你们的到来，祝你们身体健康。相信你们<
/p>
会受到澳大利亚人民的热烈欢迎，他们会以行动展示出他们对两国关系的重视。
Lesson 9
9.3 Multivariate family planning policy
in China
It has been over
two decades since China adopted the Family
Planning Policy. However, there
still
exist misunderstandings about this policy. People
mistakenly think that China’s Family
Planning Policy equals the One Child
Policy, which allows one couple to have only one
child.
Their impression is that this
policy is implemented more strictly in urban
areas: in cities where
people are
better-off, one couple can have only one child,
while in the poor rural areas, one
couple can have two or three children.
Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy
is the
cause of gender imbalance. I
will now clarify these misunderstandings.
As a matter of fact, the
policy adopted in the early 1980s is a
multivariate policy called the
Family
Planning Policy, or the fertility policy. Its
multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.
First, the total fertility
rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there
is more than one
child per family in
most areas. For example, there is generally only
one child in a family in urban
15
areas, but two in rural
areas, and three in ethnic minority areas. In some
areas, like Tibet, there
are no
restrictions at all on the number of children a
family can have. We can tell from this fact
that China’s Family Planning Policy
varies in accordance with the economic and social
development level of different areas.
Secondly, China is seeing
an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment.
The sex ratio at birth
refers to the
number of boys born per 100 girls born. This is
not the same concept as the sex ratio
of the total population.
The unbalance is not entirely the
result of the Family Planning Policy. I would like
to cite two
interesting examples. My
first example is the ROK. In 1988, the sex ratio
at birth in the ROK was
114, and the
ratio now in China is 117. I believe there is no
family planning policy in the ROK. My
second example is Singapore, whose sex
ratio at birth in1984 was 109. Why is it a common
problem in Asia? There are two reasons.
The first reason is the influence of traditional
culture and
ideology, that is, a
preference for sons, which poses a great problem
for the sex ratio at birth.
Second,
China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to
the poor social security in rural areas.
The Chinese government has
launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper
the rising sex
ratio at birth. This
project aims to educate the general public to
abandon their traditional
preference
for male children and to advocate female
children’s status and rights. Secondly, the
Chinese government is also making an
effort to establish and improve the social
security system,
particularly in rural
areas.
Thirdly, the
phenomenon of allowing one child for urban
families and two to three children for
families in poor areas is called
reverse selection of population quality. I have
two points to make
in the regard. The
policy in rural areas is made in accordance with
the economic situation there.
The
social security system is being gradually improved
in rural areas. If a stringent One Child
policy is to be introduced in this
process, the household insurance coverage is
likely to be
reduced for rural
families. Therefore, the number of children
allowed in rural families is
dependent
on the economic situation.
9.5
联合国驻华协调代表谈中国的家庭与人口
家庭问题是十分复杂的，与经济、社会和文化等各方面的发展息息相关。世界各地有
充分的证据表明，需要仔细地研究和对待经济、社会和文化与家庭的联系，否则老龄化、
人口迁移和艾滋病等引起的家庭结构和规模的变化将在经济、社会和文化上对家庭产生负
面影响。
中国也是如此。中国是世界人口最多的国家，自
20
世纪
50
年代
起经历了一个人口快
速增长的时期，
现在
13
亿人口以每年
700
万人的速度
在增长。
中国政府一贯将关系到每个
社会成员衣、食、住、行等
的家庭问题作为首要问题来对待。中国的家庭一般三代同堂，
近年来有所变化。
中国进行了
20
多年
的改革，拥有强大的体制和勤劳的人民，这些使中国取得了前所未
有的成就，使五亿人口
成功脱贫，使中国成为世界上最大的贸易国之一，并完成了大部分
的联合国千年发展目标
，而且其中有些比预期的
2015
年提前了整整
11
年。然而，正如去
年
3<
/p>
月发布的中国千年发展目标进度报告所指出的，中国的快速发展的背后还存在一些新
老问题。东部和西部、农村和城市，以及男女两性的发展日益不平均是需要尽快解决的紧
迫问题。同时，经济与社会、人类与自然的发展不协调的矛盾日益突出。家庭，尤其是贫
困家庭，面临着艾滋病的威胁，缺乏机会，无法享受资源和服务，生存环境日益恶化。中
国政府通过制定出自己的千年发展目标来应对这些挑战，
也就是力争到
2020
年实现全面小