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UNIT 7
Section one Tactics for Listening
Part 1 Spot Dictation
Meet
Your Chiropractor
The doctor of
chiropractic (D.C.) is a (1) well-recognized
member of
the health team who (2)
considers the human body as a total functioning
(3)
unit
and
gives
special
attention
to
the
spine,
(4)
muscles,
nerves,
circulatory and skeletal (5) systems.
The chiropractor seeks to (6) relieve
pain.
The
procedures utilized are primarily focused on the
(7)
spine. The
chiropractor
is concerned about the spine's relationship to the
(8)
nerve
system, which
controls important body functions. The
chiropractor knows
that
a
malfunctioning*
spinal
joint
cannot
only
cause
(9)
back
pain
or
headaches,
it
can
also
(10)
interfere
with
the
nerves
leading
from
the
spine, thereby (11) affecting other
portions of the body.
Millions of Americans are chiropractic
patients for a wide variety of
(12)
health disorders. They depend on their
chiropractor as their (13)
family
doctor to help them maintain their health through
proper (14)
diagnosis, treatment, and
referral when (15) necessary.
A minimum of six years of college study
including internships (16)
goes
into
the
making
of
a
chiropractic
physician.
Many
doctors
of
chiropractic choose to (17)
limit their practices to certain specialties, such
as (18) sports injuries, nutrition,
orthopedics or radiology.
As a (19) licensed and regulated member
of the healing arts, the
doctor of
chiropractic must pass a state (20) licensing
board examination
in order to practice.
Part 2
listening for Gist
Like the
off from many aspects of modem life,
not, however, as an experiment but
because he feels it is a more
satisfactory way to live. He is talking about
his small cottage in the Welsh
mountains:
anything that has to be
done, and there are obviously certain basic needs
of life, is 'DIY' as they say: Do it
yourself. There is no labor to be had
nowadays in such a remote part. Er,
there
are no neighbors for most of
the
year
and
so
you
are
on
your
own
entirely.
The
place
itself
is
extremely primitive. Er, I mentioned
the water. I mentioned that we now
have
got electricity. Er, the building itself - it's
important to keep it clean
and it's
stupid to try. We try to keep it tidy, and
reasonably clean. It is
very
difficult
to
keep
it
warm,
warm
enough
particularly
in
winter
and
that we do by an old kitchen range with
coal and wood.
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the passage and
find its topic sentence.
The topic sentence is
The
place itself is extremely
primitive.
Section Two Listening
Comprehension
Part1 Dialogue
A Healthy Life
Dr Martin
Answay writes a column in a popular women's
magazine
on health problems. He is also
an expert on heart disease.
Q: Is there a secret to good health? I
mean, is there some way we can
achieve
it which is not generally known?
A: It certainly isn't a secret.
However, there is a great deal of ignorance,
even among supposedly educated people,
about how to be reasonably
healthy.
Q: Well, what advice do you
give, then?
A: Vh ... to
begin with, take diet. I believe that one of the
greatest
dangers to health in Britain
and other countries ... particularly
developed countries ... is the kind of
food we tend to prefer.
Q:
Such as?
A:
Such
as
that
great
national
institution,
the
British
breakfast,
for
example, ham and eggs. Or the kind of
lunch so many people in this
country
have:
sausage
and
chips!
Or
all
the
convenience
foods
like
hamburgers.
Or
even
things
we
regard
as
such
as
full-fat
milk. Or Cheddar
cheese. The list is endless.
Q: What's wrong with those things?
A: The excessive
consumption of such things leads to the
overproduction
of cholesterol, which in
turn results in heart attack.
Q: Excuse
me, but what exactly is cholesterol?
A: It's a ... wax-like substance ...
yellowish ... and it's produced naturally
in our
livers.
We
all need some cholesterol for survival.
Q: Well, if we need it, in
what way is it bad for us?
A: Too much of it is bad for us. It
builds up in our arteries, causing them
to
get
narrower,
so
that
our
blood
supply
has
difficulty
in
getting
through ... and
this, of course, can eventually end in a heart
attack or
stroke. The point I'm trying
to make here is that, even though we all
need some cholesterol in order to
insulate our nerves, and to produce
cell
membranes
and
hormones,
the
things
many
of
us
eat
and
even
consider healthy lead
to the overproduction of cholesterol. And this is
very dangerous.
Q: How can we avoid this overproduction
of cholesterol?
A: By
cutting down our consumption of animal fats:
things like red meat,
cheese, eggs, and
so on. And by increasing our consumption of fresh
fruit and vegetables, and also by
eating more potatoes, rice, pasta and
bread.
Q: Pasta? Potatoes? But ...
aren't such things fattening?
A: Nonsense. It isn't pasta, potatoes
or bread that makes us fat. It's what
we put on such things! Cheese, Butter,
Meat!
Q: So anything we
like, anything that's delicious, is bad for us.
Isn't that
what you're saying?
A: Rubbish! I'm simply
saying we eat too much of these things. And
there are many ways of preparing
delicious food without using such
large
quantities of animal fats.
Q: Last of all, what about exercise?
You recently warned against certain
forms of
exercise, which you said could be
dangerous.
A:
What
I
said
was
that
if
people
aren't
used
to
getting
regular
and
vigorous
exercise,
they
should
begin
slowly,
and
not
try
to
do
too
much at the beginning! I
also said that certain games, such as squash,
can be dangerous, particularly if
you aren't used to playing them.
A
number of injuries are due
to sudden, twisting movements that games
like squash involve.
Q: What kinds of exercise do you
recommend, then?
A: Gentle
jogging, swimming, cycling, brisk walking ...
exercise that is
rhythmic and gentle,
and above all, sustained. That is, done for at
least fifteen minutes uninterruptedly
at least three times a week. We
all
need such exercise, and the fact is that far too
few of us get enough
of it,
particularly if we live in large cities and
regularly use cars.
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and
complete the following grids.
A.
Cholesterol
A
yellowish
, wax-like
substance, which is produced
Definition
naturally in our livers.
We all need some cholesterol in order
to
insulate our
Function
nerves
, and to
produce
cell membranes
and
hormones
.
When cholesterol builds up in our
arteries, it causes them to
Overproducti
get
narrower
, so that our blood
supply has difficulty in
on
getting through
and this can
eventually end in a
heart
attack
or
stroke
.
How to avoid
By cutting down
our consumption of
animal
fats
: things
this
like
red
meat
,
cheese
,
egg
s, and so on. And by
increasing
overproductio
our
consumption of
fresh fruit
and
vegetables
, and also by
n
B.
Exercise
Forms of
A number of injuries are due to sudden,
twisting
exercise
movements
that games like
squash
involve.
warned
eating more
potatoes
,
rice
,
pasta
and
bread
.
against
Forms of
exercise
Gentle
jogging
,
swimming
,
cycling, brisk
walking
...
recommende
exercise that is
rhythmic
and
gentle
.
d
Things to be
Exercise should be
sustained
, that is, done for
at least
remembered
fifteen
minutes
uninterruptedly at
least
three times
a week.
Part 2 Passage
Aging of America
1)
The impending
collision between the boomers and the nation's
retirement system is naturally catching
the eye of policymakers and the
boomers
themselves.
2)
Retirement income security in the
United States has traditionally been
based on the so-called three-legged
stool: Social Security, private
pensions, and other personal saving.
3)
Retirement planning takes time, and
these issues need to be addressed
sooner rather than later.
4)
One found that
in 1991 the median household headed by a
65-69-year-old had financial assets of
only $$14,000, but expanding the
measure to include Social
Security, pensions, housing, and other
wealth boosts median wealth to about
$$270,000.
5)
Only one or two generations of
Americans have had lengthy
retirements,
and the crucial retirement issues keep changing
rapidly, making long-term predictions
even harder.
The Baby Boom* generation - the roughly
76 million people
born
between
1946
and
1964
has
been
reshaping
American
society for five decades.
From jamming the nation's schools in
the
1950s
and
1960s,
to
crowding
labor
markets
and
housing
markets
in
the
1970s
and
1980s,
to
affecting
consumption
patterns
almost
continuously,
boomers
have
altered
economic
patterns
and
institutions at
each
stage
of
their
lives.
Now
that
the
leading edge of the generation has turned 50, the
impending
collision
between
the
boomers
and
the
nation's
retirement
system
is
naturally
catching
the
eye
of
policymakers
and
the
boomers
themselves.
Retirement
income
security
(
退休收入保障
)in
the
United
States
has traditionally been based on the so-called
three-legged
stool:
Social
Security,
private
pensions,
and
other
personal
saving.
Since
World
War
II
the
system
has
served
the
elderly
well:
The
poverty
rate
among
elderly
households
fell
from
35
percent in 1959 to 11
percent in 1995.
Are the
baby boomers
making adequate preparatio
ns
（做好
充分准备）
for retirement? In part, the answer
depends on what
is
meant
by
One
definition
is
to
have
enough
resources
to
maintain
pre-retirement
living
standards
in
retirement.
A
rule of
thumb
*
（经验法则）
often
used by
financial
planners
（财政计划师，
财政预算员）
is
that retirees should be
able
to
meet
this
goal
by
replacing
60-80
percent
of
pre-retirement
income.
Retired
households
can
maintain
their
pre-retirement
standard of living with less income because they
have
more
leisure
time,
fewer
household
members,
and
lower
expenses. Taxes are lower because
retirees escape
payroll
taxes
（工资税）
and
the income tax
（所得税）
is progressive. And
mortgages have, for the most part, been
paid off. On the other
hand,
older
households
may
face
higher
and
more
uncertain
medical expenses,
even though they are covered by Medicare.
From
a
public
policy
perspective,
assuring
that
retirees
maintain 100 percent of pre-retirement
living standards may be
overly
ambitious.
But
should
policymakers
aim
to
ensure
that
they maintain 90
percent of their
living
standards? Or that they
stay
out
of
poverty?
Or
use
some
other
criterion?
Retirement
planning
（养老金计划）
takes time, and these issues need to be
addressed
sooner rather than later.
A
second big question is how to measure how well
baby boomers are
preparing for
retirement. Studies that focus only on personal
saving put
aside for retirement yield
bleak conclusions. One found that in 1991 the
median household headed by a
65-69-year-old had financial asset of only
$$14,000. But expanding the measure to
include Social Security, pensions,
housing, and other wealth boosts median
wealth to about $$270,000.
A
third
issue
-
crucial
but
as
yet
little
explored
-
is
which
baby
boomers
are
not
provided
adequately
for
retirement
and
how
big
the
gap
is
between
what
they
have
and
what
they
should
have.
Some
boomers
are
doing
extremely
well,
others
quite
poorly.
Summary
averages
for
an
entire
generation
may
not
be
useful
as
descriptions
of
the
problem
or
as
suggestions
for policy.
The
uncertain prospects for the baby boomers in
retirement are
particularly troubling
because, as a society, we as yet understand little
about the dynamics of retirement. Only
one or two generations of
Americans
have had lengthy retirements, and the crucial
retirement issues
- health care, asset
markets, social security, life span - keep
changing
rapidly, making long-term
predictions even harder.
A:
Pre-listening Question
As
China's aging population is increasing rapidly,
there should be a
well-funded pension
system put in place. However, the country's
pension
system only covers a fraction
of the work force. It predicts that China will
have an elderly population of about 400
million by 2040, which will be a
large
burden
on
the
economy
if
an
effective
pension
system
is
not
established.
The
Chinese
government,
aware
that
the
old
pension
system
in
the
planned economy could not keep pace
with the market economy, started
to
reform
a
purely
pension
system
in
1997
and
introduced
one
that
combines
a
basic
pension
with
personal
savings
accounts. The
accounts are jointly paid into by employers and
employees,
as
saving
to
support
employees'
retirements.
The
state
is
considering
expanding a
reformed pension insurance system nationwide.
China is also accelerating
the reform of China's pension system.
It has been trying to find appropriate
ways to invest pension funds in
the
capital
market rather than simply putting them in banks or
buying
treasury bonds.
It has also been trying to find
appropriate ways to invest pension
funds in the capital market overseas.
To ensure the maintenance
and appreciation of the pension pool,
more investment tools should be
allowed, with sound governance and
parallel reform in the
financial sector to ensure returns.
B: Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some
sentences and write them down. You will
hear each sentence three times.
C: Detailed
Listening
Directions:
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer
to
complete each of the following
sentences.
l. D
2.D
3. B
4.B
5.C
6.C
7.A
8.C
Exercise D
After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again
and discuss the following
questions.
1)
The
boomers
have
altered
economic
patterns
from
jamming
the
nation's schools in the 1950s and
1960s, to crowding labor markets and
housing
markets
in
the
1970s
and
1980s,
to
affecting
consumption
patterns almost continuously.
2)
(
Open)