-
第一单元
Key to
Exercises
Text A
Reading Comprehension
1. A.
The
background
Good-
looking
people
have
advantages
in
many
ways.
The
problem
What
can
the
rest
of
us
do?
Former
practices
To
judge
our
looks
1)
by
ourselves,
friends
or
family
a.
We’re
not
even
close
to
objective
.
b.
Our
opinion
is
also
capricious
.
2)
by
strangers
，
e.g.,
the
“Hot
or
Not”
Web
site
It
is
not
exactly
the
best
way
to
bolster
your
self-image
.
The
author’s
majo
An
internal
makeover
does
the
job:
Understanding
your
own
r
point
powerful self-perceptions
can
help
you
stop
obsessing
over
yo
ur
appearance
---
and look
better.
B.
Common
myths
Arguments
for
the
author’s
major
point
1)
As
a
result
of
the
a.
Women
are
particularly
susceptible
to
this
effect.
But
“contrast
Effect”,
our
as
a
matter
of
fact
they
take
a
double
standard:
an
ideal
self-concepts
are
built
on
ized
thousands
of
comparisons.
standard
of
beauty
in
terms
of
physical
attractiveness;
a
more
mundane
standard
in
terms
of
intelligence.
b.
One
who
scores
high
on
“public
self
-
consciousness”
j
udges
his
or
her
own
appearance
more
critically
when
se
lf-aware.
They
tend
to
compare
themselves
exclusively
w
ith
very
good-looking
people
—
and
feel
especially
dow
n
after
doing
so.
2)
A
picture
of
ourselves
a.
Our
“internal
mirrors”
are
often
shaped
by
our
parent
built
in
childhood
is
hard
s.
to
get
out
of
our
minds
i
b.
There’s
no
direct
line
between
childhood
experiences
n
and
adult
self-
image
.
adulthood.
C.
Once you let
go of that self-consciousness, you can interact
without
it getting in the
way.
2.
A.
2) our opinion of our own
looks
3) self-
appraisal
4)
self-image
5) self-judgment
6)
self-concept
7) self-aware
8)
self-consciousness
9) a picture of
ourselves
B.
2) a system inside one’s brain that
helps gather data
for the
self-
judgment of one’s
appearance.
3) It refers to
what psychologists call the built-in hot-or-not
meter.
4) In psychology, it
refers to the measures of a personality trait in
public.
5) the
psychological system that tends to overstate or
understate a
particular personality
trait.
Reading and
Discussing
3.
1) Because the social status of women
is often contingent upon their
faces
and bodies, they are particularly susceptible to
the “contrast
effect”.
2) Yes. With correct understanding of
yourself, you know exactly
what you
really want to do, what you can do, and what level
you can
reach. With a clear goal,
strong determination and diligence,
you
will succeed one day.
Language in Use
4. A.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Noun
Verb
anonymity
/
liability
/
susceptibility
/
exclusiveness/exclusion
exclude
evolution
evolve
Adjective
Adverb
anonymous
anonymously
liable
/
susceptible
susceptibly
exclusive
exclusively
evolutionary
evolutionarily
6
7
8
9
10
adolescence
exception
contention
gleam
validation
/
/
contend
gleam
validate
adolescent
exceptional
contending
gleamy
valid
/
exceptionally
contendingly
gleamingly
/
B.
1) a. exceptionally b.
exceptional
2) a. anonymous
b.
anonymously
3) a. validate
b. validation
4)
a. susceptible
b. susceptibility
5) a. adolescents b.
Adolescence
6) a. gleamed
b. gleam
7) a.
liable
b. Liability
8)
a. exclusive
b. exclusively
5.
1) compare
with
2) zero in on
3) are fixated
on
4) get in the way
5) in a favorable light
6) fix myself up
6.
A.
1) self-
discipline
2) self-
propelled
3) self-
evident
4) self-motivated
5) self-assured
6) self-employed
7) self-critical
8) self-destruct
9) self-made
10)
self-centered
11) self-
abandoned
12) self-
organize
B.
1) self-motivated
2) self-perceptions
3) self-evident
4) self-organize
5) self-employed
6) self-critical
7) self-made
8)
self-centered
9) self-
destruct
10) self-assured;
self-conscious
7.
1) a. estimate
b. appraise
c. evaluate
d.
assessed
2) a. declared
b. announced
c.
broadcast
3) a. cancelled
b. withdrew
c.
abolished
4) a. stimulate
b. motivated
c.
activates
5) a. synthesize
b. combine
c.
incorporate
8.
1)
……即使在同一个晚上，在一个聚会上我们可能感觉自己
是
众人瞩目的焦点，但在下一个聚会上也许感觉自己十分卑微。
2)
这叫内心重塑力：明白自我感受的强大力量，有助于你不
因
外表而烦恼——看上去也就更漂亮。
3)
这种社会比较不仅仅只是出现在你特意仔细观察路人时，
而
是一直在自发地进行着。
4) <
/p>
相比而言，男女在评估智商时，都不会拿自己跟爱因斯坦比
较，而
倾向采用一个更普通的标准。
5)
当有这种比较意识时，如在同事面前做一个展示时，人们
都会更加苛刻地评判自己的外貌
。
9.
Research has shown that in both sexes
and across numerous cultures,
especially from adolescence, good-
looking people are often
evaluated to
be ones with exceptional personality traits. Why
should
this be so? Some people have
perceived that since it is pleasurable to
meet someone with attractive physical
appearance and someone with
good moral
character, we automatically mix them up. But this
statement does not seem to be
objective. The studies by Dr. Sampo
Paunonen of the University of Western
Ontario reveal that people
who were
described as being more honest were rated as more
likable, and the more likable, the more
physically attractive.
Text
B
Reading
Comprehension
1.
Main
Topic
of
each
part
idea
of
Text
B
Mental
Paras.1-3
Mental
imaging
imaging
helps
would
Garfield
succeed.
help
you
be
a
Paras.
4-8
Successful
winner.
people
in
many
fields
use
imaging.
Facts
or
opinions
a.
Garfield
learned
a
new
way
to
boost
performance
in
Mila
n.
(F)
b.
Garfield
succeeded
with
that
new
way.
(F)
c.
What
Garfield
did
was
imaging.
(O/F)
a.
Ira
Sharlip
runs
a
“motion
picture”
of
the
procedure
in
his
mind
the
night
before
a
difficult
operation.
(F)
b.
Professional
athletes
have
been
visualizing
for
decades
and
swear
by
it.
(F)
c.
Both
Bill
Bates
and
golfer
Jack
Nicklaus
practice
mentally.
(F)
d.
Garfield
has
conducted
research
on
business
leaders'
menta
l
imaging.
(F)
Paras.
9-15
The
ways
in
which
we
can
put
this
powerful
tool
to
work.
a.
A
detailed
mental
image
of
success
is
more
than
just
wish
ful
thinking.
(F/O)
b.
Though
it
helps,
imaging
isn't
a
substitute
for
action
but
a
supplement
to
it.
(F/O)
c.
There
are
several
ways
to
put
mental
imaging
to
work:
to
relax,
to
get
in
the
right
mood,
to
apply
it
in
everyday
business
conce
rns,
not
to
expect
instant
results,
and
not
to
fret
if
your
images
aren't
clear.
(F/O)
Para.16
The
reason
Nobody
knows
precisely
why
mental
rehearsal
works,
but
tho
why
mental
rehearsal
se
who
put
it
to
use
are
convinced
it
does.
(F)
works
is
still
unclear.
Language
in Use
2.
1) a. rehearsing
b.
rehearsals
2) a.
visualization
b. visualize
3) a. ignition
b.
ignited
4) a. endeavor
b. endeavor
5)
a. initiate
b.
initial
3.
A. 1) abide by
2) stand by
3) stuck by
4) swears by
B. 1) put to death
2) put
to the test
3) put to work
4) put to
use
4.
1)
他说：“每次挥杆前，我都会在头脑中清晰地构想这个过
程。”
2)
问题的关键是真正去做一件事。
3)
加菲尔德说，心像排练最适合应用于电话销售、做演讲、参
与会
面等日常业务问题中。
4)
《创意
想象》一书的作者沙克蒂?高文说：“最重要的是让
创意想象成为你生活的一个固定部分
。”
5)
还有，如果意象不清晰，你不要着急。
Writing
Exercise
1
1) For the past two years,
no order has been given to us.
2) We are afraid that we cannot comply
with your request.
3) Would
you please compare our goods with those of other
firms?
4) We hope you will
effect a full statement of our claim.
5) We request your immediate
payment.
6) We presume that
there must be some reason for your having
trouble with this delivery.
7) We will be glad to refund when
returned items are clean and
resalable.
8) We
would like to make it clear that we only accept
L/C for further
transactions.
第二单元
Listening
and Speaking
1.
About 10,000 years ago, man assumed the
1)
habit of living
in more
or less permanent
settlements, and his relationships to the animal
world began to undergo 2)
profound changes
. At the
same time, great
climatic changes, and
perhaps 3)
human activities
as well, had
reduced many
larger mammalian species, especially those used as
food,
to very small populations. Major
4)
extinction events
began to
occur. In response
to dwindling and unreliable resources, 5)
human
agricultural
technology
developed. Humans
began to move from
hunter/gather mode
to a mode of actively 6)
domesticating
plants
and animals for food
resources. The second great surge in human
progress with its ensuing increase in
population occurred when man
learned
how to 7)
cultivate plants
and tame and domesticate animals
at levels that allowed for the
development of larger settlements.
Human plant gathering activities had
led to 8)
intimate
knowledge
of
plant productivity cycles, and human hunters
undoubtedly had often taken young
canine animals into their camps as
pets
and companions. They would have become 9)
familiar with
the
animal growth and breeding cycles,
diseases and behaviors of these
young
animals. The animals would have benefited from the
availability
of food and shelter. It
seems safe to speculate that they would have
bonded and grew to be hunting
assistants to their 10)
human
companions
as
they would have in the progenitor’s
pack.
2. Tips
Endangered animals are animals that are
in danger of becoming
extinct. Animals
are identified as being endangered either because
there are already too few of them
living in the wild, or even in
captivity; or because their continued
existence is threatened by a
changing
environment which results in them losing access to
adequate
food or living conditions. The
way to understand what is meant by
“too
few” is that their reproductive
rates
are lower than their
mortality rates.
?
The
industrialization of human societies and the
globalization
of the human culture have
resulted in dramatic environmental changes
in the past two centuries. These
changes have been too fast for too
many
of the
earth’s creatures to survive.
Although many animals have
been
endangered through the ages, the threat to animals
is greater
now than ever before.
?
Text A
Reading Comprehension
1.
A.
The interviewee’s p
Jane
Goodall, 76 years old, is a world- famous
primatologist.
ersonal
information
Her research
She
studies animal behavior and animal emotions among
the wild chimpan
zees.
Her major achievemen
She
revolutionized our understanding of animal
behavior and proved tha
t
t
the difference between humans and apes is one of
degree, not of kin
d.
The subject of the i
Her
research on wild chimpanzees.
nterview
B.
Paragraphs
Paras. 6-13
Focuses of the interview
The
purpose:
to
preserve the
endangered species
The
methods:
1) captive breeding
1) She doesn't like captive breeding,
but it does
help the endangered animals
survive and bree
Key points
of Jane Goodwill’s responses
2) actions of the animal
d
in the wild.
rights group of PETA
3)
vegetarianism
2) She doesn’t support
the
extreme
actions
of
PETA.
3) Heavy meat eating is damaging to
the environm
ent and human
health
.
Paras. 4-5,
14-15
Her new discoveries
about
Differences between human beings
and chimpanzees:
the wild chimpanzees
1) Very small difference
(biologically): only abo
ut a 1 percent
difference in DNA;
2) Big difference
(intellectually): human's
spok
en language
,
which triggers the development of
in
tellect, a unique ability to
discuss and shar
e
our feelings, the ability that enables
us to d
evelop a
moral
code
.
Paragraphs
Focuses of the interview
Key
points of Jane Goodwill’s responses
Similarities between human beings and
chimpanzee
s:
1) From the
anatomical perspective:
Almost
the same
, though the human
brain is bigge
r.
2) From the
psychological perspective:
Chimpanzees
share the human
a. qualities like
love, compassion
, and
altruis
m;
b.
feelings and emotions
like happiness and sad
ness,
fear and despair, anger, and others;
3)
From the intellectual perspective:
Chimpanzees have intellectual abilities
once thou
ght to be unique to human
beings:
understand abstract symbols,
generalize
, and lear
n sigh
language.
Paras. 16-19
The
current situation
1) The situation of
the planet is worse off in mo
st ways
because of the
soaring
population
an
d
damage to the ecosystem
.
2) A number of men express their love
and respect
to her for her work with
the chimpanzees.
Paras. 20-21
The prospects of the
futu
There is hope if we
keep
trying
.
re
2.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
1) animal
behavior
2) an
interview
3)
characteristics
4) qualities
5) emotions
6) spoken
language
7) degree
8) captive breeding
9) survive and
breed
10) ecosystem