-
八年级英语下册知识点
Unit 1.
what
’
s the matter?
一．重点短语归纳
1. foot
---feet
脚
<
复
> tooth---teeth
牙齿
<
复
>
2. have a cold
感冒
3. have a stomachache
胃疼
4. have a sore
back
背疼
5. have a sore
throat
喉咙疼
6.
have a fever
发烧
7. lie down
and (have a)rest
躺下休息
have
a rest
休息
8. hot
tea with honey
加蜜的热茶
9. see
a dentist
看牙医
see a doctor
看医生
lots of
water
多喝水
of ,a lot of,
许多。大量
a lot
of=lots of
，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：<
/p>
There are lots of
（
a lot
of
）
books in our library.
There is a lot of water on the ground
a
lot,
是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思；
Thanks a lot.
12. have a
toothache
牙疼
13.
That
’
s a good
idea
好主意
14. go to
bed
去睡觉
go to bed early
早上床睡觉
15. feel
well
感到好
feel ill
感到不舒服
I
don
’
t feel well=
I
’
m not feeling well
我感觉不舒服
.
16. start
doing/ to do sth
开始做某事（
to do
是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情
doing
是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。）
17. two days
ago
两天前
18. get some rest
多休息
,
休息一会儿
19. I think
so
我认为是这样
20.
be thirsty
口渴
21. be
hungry
饥饿
22. be stressed
out
紧张
23. listen to
music
听音乐
24.
healthy lifestyle
健康的生活方式
25. traditional Chinese
doctors
传统中医
26.
need to do sth
需要做某事
I have a toothache. I need to see a
dentist.
我牙痛
,
我需要去看牙医
.
We need
to keep our classroom clean.
我们需要保持教室的干净
.
27.
too much +
不可数名词
太多的
…
much
too
+
形
/
副
实在太
…
极其，非常
too many +
可数名词复数
太多的
…
good for sth./ doing
sth.
对什么有益
，对什么有好处
be bad for sth./
doing sth.
对什么有害
be good to
对
…
好
be
good at =do well in
在
……
方面好，擅长
be good(bad)
for
、
be good
at
的相关用法
good for
对
......
有益
< br>
Doing morning exercises is good for
your health.
做早操对你们的建康有益。
good at
擅长于
......
Li Ping is good at
basketball.
李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is good at playing
basketball.
李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do well in
如：
I'm good at math. = I do
well in math.
我擅长于数学。
good to
对
......
好
Parents are always good to their children.
父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。
good grades
取得好成绩
用法
be angry with
sb
生某人的气
I was
angry with him for keeping me
waiting.
我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。
be angry at/ about sth
就某事生气
’
s easy to do
sth
做某事是容易的。
It
’
s important to do sth .
做某事很重要。
ed
diet
平衡饮食
tired
感到疲倦
be/get tired
healthy
保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
shouldn
’
t eat anything=He
should eat nothing.
他不应当吃任何东西
.
sb
some advice
给某人建议
give advice
提出建议
advice
是不可数名词
a piece
of advice
一则建议
take
one
’
s advice
采纳或听从某人的建议
He
gave me some good
advice.
他向我提了一些很好的意见。
8 hours a
night
每晚睡眠八小时，
get enough
sleep
得到充足的睡眠
medicine
吃药
服药
I have to take
medicine three times a day for my
cold.
因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。
二
固定结构
It
’
s
+
形容词
+ for sb. + to do sth.<
/p>
做某事对某人来说是
…
的。
It
’
s
important to do sth .
做某事很重要。
It
’
s important
for me to eat a balanced diet.
平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的
.
It
’
s easy to do
sth
做某事是容易的。
It
’
s easy for us
to find out the answer.
找出答案对我们来说是容易的
三．重点句子
’
s the matter ?
What
’
s the mater with you ?
你怎么啦？
=What
’
s the trouble with
you?=What
’
s wrong with you?
I have a cold / have a sore back / have
a stomachache
’
s
too bad. You should /
shouldn
’
t
…
那太糟糕了
.
你应该
/
不该
…
You should lie down and rest / drink
hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor
.
He shouldn
’
t
eat anything = He should eat nothing.
他不应当吃任何东西
.
3.I
’
m not felling
well .
这里
well
表示身体
状况，不能用
good
代替
I don
’
t feel
well= I
’
m not feeling well
我感觉不舒服
.
did it
start ? About two days ago .
什么时候开始的？大约两天前
5.I
hope you fell better soon .
我希望你很快好起来
这里
better
是
well
的比较级
’
s easy to have a
healthy lifestyle ,and it
’
s
important to eat a balanced diet .
有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。
→
It
’
s
easy to do sth .
做某事容易
/
It
’
s important to do sth .
做某事重要
四．知识结构
○
1
.
情态动词
should
的用法
should
是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为
应该
......
。
should<
/p>
（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I
have a very bad cold.
我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a
rest.
你应该躺下，多喝水。
○
2
maybe
与
may be
是副词，译为
“
也许、可能
”
，相当于
“
perhaps
”
。如：
Maybe he can
answer the question.
也许他能回答那个问题。
He
maybe is from the USA, too.
他可能也来自美国。
be
中的
may
为情态动词，译为
“
可能是
......
”
。如：
He may be from the USA, too.
他可能也来自美国。
She may be our
English teacher.
她可能是我们的英语老师
○
4
few
、
a few
、
little
、
a
little
的区别和联系：
/ a few
用来修饰可数名词，
few
表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；
a
few
表示有肯定意思，
例如：
He has few friends here, he feels
lonely.
他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the
basket.
篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
/ a little
用来修饰不可数名词，
little
表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。
a little
表示肯定意思，有一点儿。
例如：
There is
little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little
ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？
3 not
…
until
直到
…
(
否定句
)
才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词
She didn
’
t leave until we
came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn
’
t go
shopping until /before he got up.
……
until/till
直到
·
·
·
（肯定句）动词为延续性动词
We
stayed here till/until 12
o
’
clock.
Unit 2
I'll help clean the city parks.
一．知识点：
短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
1
.
动词
+
副词
如：
give up
放弃
turn off
关掉
stay up
熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词
，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名
词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
2.
动词
+
介词
如：
listen to
听
look at
看
belong to
属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3.
动词
+
副词
+
介词
如：
come up with
提出，想出
run out of
用完，耗尽
4.
< br>动词
+
名词
(
< br>介词
)
如：
take
part in
参加
catch hold of
抓住
(sb.) up
使
(
某人
)
高兴、振作如：
cheer me up
使我高兴
clean up
打扫
clean-up n.
打扫
2. homeless
adj.
无家可归的
a homeless boy
一个无家可归的男孩
home n.
家
4. sick adj.
生病的
作表语、定语
ill adj.
生病的
作表语
，不能作定语
5.
volunteer to do v.
志愿效劳、主动贡献
volunteer n.
志愿者
有几个。
6. come up with
提出
想出
=== think up
想出
catch up
with
赶上
追上
7. put off
doing
推迟做某事
put on
穿上
(
指过程
) put up
张贴
8. write down
写下
记下
9. call up
打电话
make a
telephone call
打电话
10. set up
成立
建立
The new hospital was
set up in 2000.
这座医院是在
2000
年成立的。
11. each
每个
各自的
强调第一个人或事物的个别情况
常与
of
连用
every
每个
每一个的
一切的
则有
“
全体
”
的意思不能与
of
连用
12. put
…
to use
把
…
投入使用，利用
They
put the new machine to use.
他们把新机器投入使用
13.
help sb. (to) do
帮助某人做某事
help him (to) study
help sb. with
sth.
帮助某人做某事
help him with
English
help do
帮助做某事
help study
14. plan to do
计划做某事
plan +
从句
I plan to
go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to
Beijing.
我计划去北京。
15. spend
…
doing
花费
…
做
…<
/p>
I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend
…
on sth.
花
费
…
在
…
I
spent 3 years on English.
16. join
参加
(
指参加团体、组织
)
如：
join the Party
入党
take part
in
参加
(
指参加活动
)
如：
take part in sports
meeting
参加运动会
17.
run out
与
run out of
①
run out
(become used up).
其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本
身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out.
他的钱很快就花光了。
Our time is running out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
②
run out of
主语为人，表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day.
他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如：
The petrol is
running out.
汽油快用完了
= We are
running out of petrol.
我们快把汽油用完了。
Our time is running out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
= We are running
out of time
18. take after (
在外貌、性格等方面
)
与
(
父母等
)
相像
be similar to
与
..
相像
take after
相像
look after
照顾
take care of
照顾
19. work out v. + adj.
①结局，结果为
The
strategies that he came up with worked out fine.
他提出的这个策略效果很好。
②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）
He never seems to be worked out.
他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He
worked out a plan.
他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses.
我已经算出了我们总的费用。
21.
hang out
闲荡
闲逛
I like to
hang out at mall with my friends.
我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
22. be able to do
能
会
be unable to do
不能
不会
23. thank you
for doing
谢谢做某事
如：
thank you
for helping me
谢谢做帮助我
24. for sure
确实如此，毫无疑问
You
don
’
t have money.
That
’
s for sure.
你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。
25.
fill
…
with
…
使
…
充满
…
用
…
填充
…
She filled the bowl with water.
她用水填满碗。
26. hand
out
分发
hand out bananas
give out
分发
give out sth to sb.
分
…
.
给某人
give
up doing
放弃
…
give up smoking
放弃吸烟
give away
赠送
捐赠
give away sth. to
…
. give away money to kids
give sb. sth.
给某人某东西
give me money
给我钱
give sth.
to sb.
给某人某东西
give money to
me
给我线
27. help
sb. out
帮助
…
做事，解决难
题
(
摆脱困境
)
I can
’
t work
out this math problem. Please help me out.
我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。
28. train n.
火车
train v.
训练
train sb. to do.
训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things.
她训练她的狗去取东西。
29.
at once == right away
立刻
马上
如：
Do it at once.
马上去做。
I
’
ll go there at once/ right
away.
我马上去那里。
30.
one day
有一天
(
指将来<
/p>
/
过去
) some day
有一天
(
指将来
)
如：
One day
I went to Beijing.
有一天我去了北京。
Some day I
’
ll go
to Beijing.
有一天我将去北京。
34. disabled adj.
肢体有残疾的
disable v.
不能
36. volunteer
①可数名词
“
志愿者
”
②
adj.
自愿的
vi. volunteer to do
sth
They are the Chinese
People
’
s Volunteers.
他们是中国人民志愿军。
I
volunteer to help you.
我自愿帮助你。
二．句子
1
．
We
can
’
t put off making a plan.
Clean-up Day is only two weeks from
now.
我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2
．
She puts this
love to good use by working in the after-school
care centre at her local elementary school.
她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用
3
．
Not only do I
feel good about helping other people, but I get to
spend time doing what I love to do.
帮助
别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。
4
．
The three
students plan to set up a student volunteer
project at heir school.
这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
also put up some sign asking for old
bikes.
他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。
strategies that he came up with worked
out fine.
几米想出的这个办法很效。
8
．
We need to come
up with a plan.
我们需要指定一个计划。
9
．
You could help
clean up the city parks.
你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
10
．
He now has
sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children
who
don
’
t have
bikes.
他现在有
16
辆要修理
的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩
子。
< br>
Unit 3 Could you please clean your
room?
一．重要词组及短语
1. could you please do sth.?
你能
……
吗？
/
< br>请你干
……
好吗？
2.
do the chores
做杂务
3. do the dishes
洗餐具
4. sweep the
floor
清扫地板
5. take out
the trash
倒垃圾
6.
make one's bed
铺床
7.
fold one's clothes
叠衣服
8.
clean the living room
清扫客厅
9. stay out late
晚归
10. come over
过来
11. have a
test
考试
12. get a
ride
搭车
13. use one's
computer
使用某人的电脑
14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate
doing sth.
讨厌某事
/
做
某事
15. do the laundry = do
some washing = wash clothes
洗衣服
17. wash the
car
刷车
16. make breakfast /
make dinner = do some cooking
做饭
18. work on
从事，忙于
work at
学习、致力于、在
……
上下工夫
19. borrow some money
借一些钱
borrow
sth. from sb.
向某人借某物
(
借入
)
lend sb. sth.=
lend sth. to sb.
借给某人某物
(
借出
)
You can
borrow some money from your brother.
你可以向你哥哥借些钱。
Can you lend me your bike?
你能借给我你的自行车吗？
20.
invite sb. to do sth.
邀请某人做某事
They
invited me to join their club.
他们邀请我参加俱乐部。
invite sb to a place
邀请某人去某地
invite you to my party
21. go to the
store
去商店
22.
agree sb. to do sth.
同意某人做某事
agree with sb.
同意某人的意见
disagree sb. to do sth.
不同意某人做某事
disagree with
sb.
不同意某人的意见
23.
take care of = look after
照顾、照看、照料
take good care of
= look after
…
well
< br>把
……
照管得好
26. take sb. for a walk
带某人去散步
27. play
with sb.
和某人玩
28.
forget to do sth.
忘记去做某事
(
未做
) forget doing sth.
忘记做过某事
(
做过
)
（
2
）关于
to
的短语总结：
have
to do sth.
不得不，必须做某事
need
to do sth.
需要做某事
hate to
do sth.
讨厌做某事
like to do sth.
喜欢做某事
want
to do sth.
想做某事
love to do
sth.
热爱做某事
forget to do sth.
忘记做某事
start to do sth.
开始做某事
begin to do sth.
开始做某事
ask sb
to do sth.
请某人做某事
二．重点句型
1. Could
you please clean your room?
Yes,
sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework
first.
2. Could I please use the car?
Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. /
No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用
could
代替
can
，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而
can
则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把
could
看作
can
的过去式。以上两句中用
could
是为了表示礼貌的请
求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了
can, could
之外，还可以用
may
，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以
用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：<
/p>
Could / Can / May I use your car for a
day?
作允答可以各种各样：
如同意可以说
Yes
，或
Sure
或
Certainly
，还可说
Yes, (do)
please.
或
Of course. (you
may / can).
或
That's OK /
all right.
如果不同意，可以说
I'm sorry you
can't.
或
I'm really sorry,
but I have to use it today.
要避免说
No, you can't.
< br>这
样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
don
’
t you talk
to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free
time
有空闲时间
2.
allow sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事
3. hang out with sb.
与某人闲逛
4.
after-school classes
课外活动课
5. get into a fight with sb.
与某人吵架
/
打架
6. until midnight
直到半夜
7. talk to sb.
与某人交谈
8. too
many
太多
9. study too
much
学得过多
10. get enough
sleep
有足够的睡眠
11. write sb. a
letter
给某人写信
12. call sb.
up
打电话给某人
13.
surprise sb.
令某人惊讶
14. look
through
翻看
15. be angry with
sb.
生某人的气
16. a big
deal
重要的事
17. work out
< br>成功地发展
;
解决
18.
get on with
和睦相处；关系良
:
19. fight a lot
经常吵架
/
打架
20. hang
over
笼罩
21. refuse to do sth.
拒绝做某事
22. offer to do sth.
主动提出做某事
23. so
that
以便
24. mind sb. doing
sth.
介意某人做某事
25.
all the time
一直
26. in
future
今后
27. make sb.
angry
使某人生气
28. worry about sth.
担心某事
29. copy
one
’
s
homework
抄袭某人的作业
30. be
oneself
做自己
31. family members
家庭成员
32. spend time
alone
独自消磨时光
33.
give sb. pressure
给某人施压
34. have a fight with sb.
与某人吵架
35. compete
with sb.
与某人竞争
36.
free time activities
业余活动
37. get better
grades
取得更好的成绩
38. give
one
’
s
opinion
提出某人的观点
39. learn exam
skills
学习应试技巧
40.
practice sports
体育训练
41. cause
stress
造成压力
42.
cut out
删除
一
.
重要词汇和句型
1. get (
1 )
买
get sth. for sb. ==
get sb. sth.
为某人买某物
Can you get some fruit for me
when you go shopping ?
== Can you
get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 )
得到
,
到达
Where did
you get the book ?
When did
you get the letter ? He got home late last
night .
(3)
使
,
让
get +
宾语
+
宾补
使某人
某物
怎么样
Please
get you coat clean .
Get your
mouth closed .
get sb. to do sth.
使某人
某物做某事
I got
him to call Jim yesterday .
(4) (
逐渐
)
变得
…
The weather gets warmer and days get
longer .
Why did the teacher get angry
?
2. how about what about
后跟名词
代词
动词
i
ng
形式。
( 1)
向对方提出建议或请求
How
about going out for a walk ?How about something to
eat ?
(2)
向对方征求意见或看法
How
about the TV play ? How about buying the house
now ?
( 3 )
询问天气或身体情况
How
about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents ? Are they living with you
?
( 4 )
谈话中承接上下文
I
’
m forty years
old . How about you ?
I
’
m from Beijing . How
about you ?
3. receive
收到
The girl was happy to
receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from == get a letter from ==
heard from
收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I got a letter from my parents
last Sunday .== I heard from my parents last
Sunday .
accept
接受
He
couldn
’
t accept our
suggestions but our gifts .
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