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第
13
讲
阅读理解
教师版
一、课前热身
When
Canadian teenager Ryan was six years old, his
teacher told him that in many parts of Africa,
there was no clean
water. She said that
people often made themselves ill, and even died,
just from drinking or bathing in dirty water.
What she said made Ryan upset. He
decided to raise money for a
well(
井
) so that people in
Africa could have clean
water. He did
extra chores for his parents and raised $$70 all by
himself. Then he found out that it actually cost
$$2,000 to dig
a well.
Most
people would have given up at this point, but not
Ryan. He was disappointed, but determined to raise
more money.
Finally he collected over
$$2,000. That money was used to dig the first of
“Ryan’s wells”.
Since then,
Ryan has continued to raise money for more wells.
In fact, Ryan has raised over$$1,500,000!
Ryan calls himself “a normal boy” and
likes to play ice hockey when he’s not in school
or traveling around the world
talking
to other students about himself and his work. As
for the future, he has said that h
e
isn’t exactly sure what he will
choose
to do. “Something along the lines of a lawyer or a
teacher. Maybe a leader!”
1.
Ryan’s teacher
told him about the water problem in Africa in
order to ________.
A.
encourage Ryan to dig wells for people in Africa
B. ask Ryan to
raise money for poor people in Africa
C. make Ryan feel unhappy
and disappointed
D. educate Ryan to care about African
people in difficulty
2. What does Ryan
think of himself according to the passage?.
A. He is
different from other students in many ways.
B. He never
gives up when he has decided to do something.
C. He is
talented and can do many great things in the
future.
D. He’s
like other students with his own hobby and
dreams.
3. Which of the
following is the best title for the passage?
A. Ryan and His Teacher
B. Ryan and His Wells
C. Ryan and His Money
D. Ryan and His
Future
【答案】
1. D
2. D
3.
B
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二、知识梳理
文体概述
记叙文是以记叙为主要表达
方式，
以记叙人物的经历或事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。
它包括日记、
游记、传说、新闻、通讯、趣闻逸事、寓言、传奇故事、小说等。记叙
文常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因
此，议论和抒情往往夹杂其中。在引出话题，
讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。高考中的
记叙文讲述的内容多
为和中学生的学习生活密切相关的故事。记叙文有以下几个特点：
六个要素：
作者一般要交代何人、
何时、
< br>在何地、
为什么、
干了何事、
怎
么样等等
,
这也就是我们常说的
5<
/p>
个
W(who,
when,
where, why, what)
和
1
个
H(how)
。
线索
/
情节：贯穿全文的线索有人物发展的线索、事
件发展的线索、人物思
想感情变化或作者思想感情变化的线索、时间顺序的线索等等。分
析线索有助于把握行文的思路和全文的结构。
阅读理解记叙文解题题的方法和技巧
1
．如何获取段落的主旨和大意？
<
/p>
最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。
而这个中心意思往往由
一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题
句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思
首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一
个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：
1
）主题句在段首或篇首
主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，
议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。
2
）主题句在段末或篇末
用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段
末或篇末的主题
句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。
3
）无主题句
有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我
们
可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或
者说是来说明一个问题的。
这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。
2
．如何根据上下文猜测词义？
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只
有在一定的上下文中
才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文
(c
ontext),
正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语
或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是
用我们所熟悉的词或
短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方
面来考虑：
1
）根据上下文已知部分
进行逻辑上的推理。
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2
）运用语法知识进行语法分析。
3
）靠常识和经验做出判断。
3
．如何确定细节和事实？
在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有
两个共同特点：
1
）凡属针对特定细
节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一
< br>个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
2
）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非
正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读
理解中的确定细节和事实的题目
，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。
4
．如何进行推断？
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知
部分，从中推断
出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，
甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题很
多，包括的面也很大。
其类型主要有以下几种：
1
）事实逻辑推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，
要首先在文章中
找出用以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
2
）对作者的意图和态度的推断
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，
如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是
犹豫不定，对记
述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定
直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推断
的前提，
又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
【例题精讲】
Most of us have experienced
unforgettable moments in our lives. The moment
that I will never forget happened when I
was fifteen.
For the first
fifteen years of my life, I was the only child in
my family. I didn’t have any
siblings.
Luckily, I had always
had my parents,
who loved and cared about me a lot. They helped
solve any problems and they did everything for me.
What
I had never really thought about
was that, someday, one of them would no longer be
there for me.
One day, I found out that
my mother was pregnant.(
怀孕
),
which was big news in my family. Everyone was
excited and
happy, especially me. I
imagined that I would have a baby brother, and I
thought about playing and having fun with him.
One
day
after
school,
when
I
ran
to
the
hospital,
my
brother
had
already
been
born.
But
my
mother
was
still
inside
the
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3
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页
operating room, while my
father waited worriedly outside. After waiting for
a long time, the doctor came out and told us that
they had stopped the bleeding. He told
us not to worry and my mother would be fine.
Many
thoughts
flashed
through
my
mind.
I
could
only
imagine
that
my
life
would
be
full
of
darkness,
sadness
and
hopelessness. I would never again have
the chance to enjoy the love of my mother. During
these fifteen years, my mother
was
always
around
like
my
dearest
friend,
watching
over
me,
no
matter
what
happened.
I
could
not
imagine
how
I
was
possibly
going to live without her.
Today, my
brother is almost two years old. On the day of his
birthday, I always remember this unforgettable
event in
my life. I think I'm a really
lucky person, with great parents and a lovely
brother.
(
)19.
The underlined word
A. grandparents
B. aunts and uncles
C.
brothers and sisters
D. cousins
(
)20. The
writer felt______ when he knew his mother was
pregnant.
A. worried
B. sad
C. afraid
D.
excited
(
)21.
The writer’s mother ______
___in the
end.
A. died of bleeding
B. was alive
C. lost her second baby
D.
had health problems
(
)22. It’s true that the
writer____________.
A.
feels very
lucky to have a lovely brother
B.
thinks his
life is always full of hopelessness
C.
embers the
moment when he was a baby
D.
has never enjoyed the love of his
mother
【答案】
CDBA
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三、当堂测试
1.
This May is a busy month
in Beijing. There is a lot to do. Here are the fun
activities.
The Secret Lives-National
Museum
Pulled from the old shelves of
the Museum's collection rooms, these objects from
Han Dynasty(
汉朝
)
all
have their secrets. They have some
pretty amazing stories to tell.
Place:
2nd floor, the National Museum
Dates
: daily
Price
:
?
30(free for under 12)
Time
: Tuesday-Friday 9 a. m:
-5 p.m., Weekends 9 a.m. -9 p.m.
Tel
: 678--6888
Scottish Dancing
Take your
friends and get ready to dance till you get tired.
Scottish dancing is fun and easy to learn. Anyone
can learn how to dance... it's all a
matter of learning how to move your body.
Place
: Jack Stein's
Dates
: every
Saturday
Price
:
?
60
Time
:.7p.m. -10 p.m.
Tel
:6533-1877
Live Music-Late Night Jazz
Enjoy real American jazz from Tuck
Andress, the famous guitar player.
This
is his third visit to Beijing. Get your tickets
quickly.
Place
: The Music
Club
Dates
:May 6-13
Price
:
?
1
20
Time
: late
Te
l:6466-8736
1. Mr. Smith and his 6-year-old son
want to learn about some Chinese history, they
should spend _____ on tickets.
A.
?
30
B.
?
45
C.
?
60
D.
?
120
2. Paul
wants to know more information about the Scottish
Dancing Class, he can_____.
A. visit
the website
B. send an E-mail
C. add the
Wechat
D. make a call
3. According to the passage, Tuck
Anress is a/an _____ from the USA.
A.
teacher
B. musician
C. actor
D. dancer
【答案】
1.A
2.D 3.B
2.
Dear Paul,
I
haven
’
t seen you for a long
time and I miss you very much. Now I'm writing to
you to ask for your help. My doctor is
a woman and I feel nervous about it,
especially when I have to wear nothing at the
doctor
’
s office. What should
I do? I'm
afraid to see the doctor even
if I have a bad cold. Is there something wrong
with me?
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Please help me.
I
’
m looking forward to your
reply.
Peter
Dear Peter,
I’m
happy to bear from you and I miss you,
too.
As for your trouble. there ts no
need to worry about it. Little kids often run
around wearing nothing and feel natural
about it. Bu
t as you get
older, you care more about your body and want to
have your own room. So it’s no
rmal to
feel shy
when
taking
off
your
clothes
at
the
doctor’s
office.
But
your
doctor
does
need
to
examine
you
to
make
sure
if
you
are
healthy.
To
make you men comfortable, you can ask your mom or
dad to come into the examine room with you. You
can also
ask for a gown. Most
docto
rs’ have these grows for
patients.
So just relax, and your
doctor can examine you better to keep
you in good health.
Paul
(
)16. Why does Peter feel
nervous when he sees a woman doctor?
A.
Because he has
no money.
B. Because he has a bad
cold.
C. Because he has to wear
nothing.
D. Because he was a little
boy.
(
)17. How
many pieces of advice does Paul give Peter?
A.
Two
B.
Three
C. Four
(
)18. Which of the following is TRUE?
A.
Paul is afraid
to see a man doctor.
B. All the
patients have to wear nothing when they see the
doctor.
C. Little boys run around with
nothing and they don't care about it.
D. Only a few
docto
rs’
offices have gowns
for patients.
【答案】
CAC
3.
Teenagers are
known for being creative and full of
new ideas. Let’s have a look at these
teenage inventions that might
change
the world.
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Banana leaves usually go
bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, a
teenager from India, use
UV to make the
leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenith thinks that
one day
the leaves will be used for
making plates, cups and other things.
David Cohen, an American
teenager, built an
earthworm(
蚯蚓
) robot. It is
able to go into the
smallest
places,
where
humans
or
dogs
can’t
go.
It
will
be
used
for
finding people in a fire
or an earthquake.
Remya
Jose,
a
14-year-
old
from
India,
found
it
tiring
and
boring
to
handwash
clothes
in
the
nearby
river.
She
reused
some
bicycle
parts
and
created
a
washing
machine
that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at
the same time.
Kenneth
Shinozuku,
a
15-year-old
from
New
York,
noticed
that
his
grandfather
who
got
Alzheimer’s
disease(
老年痴呆
) would often
leave home and get lost. So
he invented
the wearable sensors(
感应器
) to
help people find their family
members
like his grandfather.
1.
What is the passage mainly about?
A.
Popular ads
B. Useful machines
C.
Strange pictures
D. Teenage inventions
2.
The earthworm
robot by David Cohen can ______.
A.
make things
stay fresh
B.
help people wash clothes
C.
go into the
smallest places
D.
take care of the old people
3.
Which of the
following is
TRUE
?
A.
Plates and
cups are made of fresh banana leaves.
B.
Remya’s
washing machine can also keep people
fit.
C.
David Cohen is a middle school student
from India.
D.
Kenneth’s wearable sensors will keep
old people at home.
【答案】
1. D
2. C
3.
B
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