-
2020
年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题
03,
任务型阅读专项突
破
任务型阅读专项突破
l
知识点
1
任务型阅读概况
综
观近年全国各地的中考试题，
“
任务型阅读
”
考查的题型主要
有：
阅读简答题、
阅读填表题，
总体上看，
它由两部分构成：
短文和阅读任务。
l
知识点
2
阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类
1.
信息查
找，直接获取答案型
解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以
直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以
所需要的词不需要变换形式，
可以直接从文中进行摘抄。
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例题
例
1
：
原文：
Some psychologists
(
心理学家
) think that your taste
in
music
is
related
to
(
有联系的
)
your
personality.
题目：
Your
in music is related to your
personality.
：
对比
空格前后和原文
一致，
可以知道此题为细节题，
直接找到
taste.
：
taste
例
2
：
原文：
Music tells us who we
are. Music reflects the
creators
’
thinking and values, as well as the
social environment it came
from.
题目：
Music not only reflects
the social environment it
came from but
also expresses people
’
s
thinking and ______
：
对比空
格前后，虽然题干与原文不完全相同，但
and
前连接
的词与原文一致，没有任何改变，可以知道此题为细节题，
直接找到
values.
：
values
例
3
：
原文：
Be
active
and
have
a
positive
attitude
(
积极的态度
)
towards life. Develop confidence in
yourself.
题目：
Have an
and
positive
attitude
towards
life
and
develop
confidence
in
yourself.
：依旧找到<
/p>
and
连接词，后一个为
positiv
e
，可知
需要在原文中找到与
posi
tive
位置和作用等同的词，原文为
be
active
and
have
a
positive
可以知道是
active.
：
active
例
4
：
原文：
Rewrite
your
notes
to
make
them
more
complete
and
accurate(
准确的
)
by changing abbreviations into whole
words,
symbols
into
words,
and
shortened
sentences
into
longer
sentences. Use them to answer your
questions. If necessary, ask
your
teacher for help.
题目：
Make your notes more
complete
and accurate to
your questions.
：原文列举了很多例子
去讲解，所以
中间的长段可以去掉，直接看到后一句：
use
them
to
answer
the
questions
提出目的，所以可以找到动词
answer.
：
answer
例
5
：
原文：
If students earn passing
grades in the class and also pass
their
state driver
’
s exam, they
can begin driving themselves to
school.
题目：
They
can
themselves
to
school
when
they are over
16 and have passed the required tests.
：找到原
文
they
can
begin
driving
而重要的动作其实是
drive,
而不在
于
begin,
由于结构的变化，此处需要将
driving
变为原
形。
：
drive
例
6
：
原文：
Sometimes we work with
the best of motives(
动机
) only
to
be
disappointed
by
the
result.
题目：
Remembering
your
motives, not
your
：考查学生对信息的归纳能力，原
文
中对比
motive
和
result<
/p>
之间关系。
：
result
2.
信息转换，间接获取型
此类题在实际做题
环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线
索
或某种提示并非最终，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表
达
方式，方为正确。
常见的转换方式：
1)
词性转换
名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化；
在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为：
A
）名词变为形容词：
★加
y:
直接加
y: health---healthy;
frost---frosty; rain---rainy;
difficult
—
difficulty;
双
写
为
字
母
加
y:
sun---
sunny;
fog---foggy;
去
e
加
y:
noise---noisy
★加
ful
或者
less:
hope---hopeful/hopeless;
wonder---wonderful;
meaning
---meaningful/meaningless;
cheer---
cheerful;
colour---colouful;
cheer---cheerful; success---successful;
end---
endless;
B
）
形容词变为副词：
★
直
接<
/p>
加
ly:
careful---
carefully;
beautiful---beautifully;
bad---badly;
excited---
excitedly;
★以
y
结尾将
y
变为
il
y:
angry---angrily;
heavy---
heavily;
le
结
尾
将
noisy---noisily;
le<
/p>
变
为
ly:
happy---happily;
★
以
comfortable---
comfortably; possible---possibly; simple---simply;
★去
e
加<
/p>
ly: true---truly.
C
）动词
/
形
容词变为名词：
★
加
ment:
agree
—
agreement;
treat---treatment;
advertise
---advertisement;
punish---punishment;
improve---improvement;
develop---development;
★
加
ion:
collect---collection;
donate---donation;
educate
---education;
organize---organization;
invent---invention;
★
加
ness:
rich---richness;
kind---kindness;
ill---
illness;
ugly---ugliness;
sick---sickness;sad--sadness
批注：
此处需要注意，
有一些以
e
结尾的单词，加上
ion
时需要去掉
e
加
ion;
以
y
结尾的单<
/p>
词加上
ness
时需要去
y
为
i
再加
< br>ness.
D
）动词变为形容
词：
★
加
ed/
ing:
surprise---
surprising/
surprised;
excited;
tire---tiring/
tired;
excite---
exciting/
please---pleasing(pleasant)/
pleased;
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例题
例
1
：
原文：
Don
＇
t wave your hands to the
waiters. Englishmen think
guests should
do something to make the waiters pay attention to
them. But in
France some bread and water will come first, then
the waiters will take your order
according to the rhythm(
节奏
)
of
the
restaurant.
Have
enough
patience(
耐
心
)!
题
目
：
Englishmen
can
’
t
be
________
enough
for
meals
while
Frenchmen
can.
<
/p>
：找到原文
enough
的位置，可知此
题考查
的本质其实是
enough
的用
法：
形容名副后，
所以此题需要将
pa
tience
变为其形容词形式。
：
patient
例
2
：
原文：
Most teens
don
＇
t know what their
mom
＇
s favorite is.
You do? Then, what are you waiting for?
Buy her something she
likes
and
wrap
it
carefully.
The
best
time
to
give
her
that
is
while she is sleeping at
night. Put it on the drawer next to her so
that when she wakes up
she
＇
ll be surprised to see
it.
题目：
Put it on a drawer next
to her to give her a ________.
：
对比原
文，找到不同点即
s
o
that
when
she
wakes
up
she
’
ll
be
surprised to see
it.
表示目的的形式已经转换为
to do
< br>的结构，
主要是将后面的句子变换，
可以想到
surprise
的词组：
give sb.
a surprise= surprise sb.= sb. be
surpried
：
surprise
例
3
：
原文：
As
long
as
you
have
studied
well,
you
will
be
more
confident
of
your
chance
to
succeed
in
a
test.
题目：
Your
confidence could lead to
your
in the test.
：很明显，原
文是
“
信心增加成功的可能性
”
，
而题目中
置于物主代词之后，
所以要用名词
形式，
succeed
为动词，
名词为
success
：
success
例
4
：
原文：
Self-respect is a very
important part of a great life.
题
目：
Keeping a
sense of self-respect is of great
to
a great
life.
：此
处置于冠词后需要加名词，进行
important
和
importance
的转换。
：
importance
例
5
：
原文：
If we look for good
qualities in other people, it is easier
to remember the good qualities in
ourselves.
题目：
Look for
the
good
qualities
in
other
people
and
we
can
remember
ours
more
.
<
/p>
：
结合语法句法知识，
it
’
s easier to do sth.=do sth.
more easily
。
：
easily
例
6
：
原文：
Why
do
we
need
sleep?
Nobody
has
yet
can
give
a
correct answer to this question.
However, tests have shown that
lack(
缺少
) of sleep
over about four weeks leads to a strong drop
in body temperature, great weight loss
and finally, sickness.
题
目：
Why
do
we
need
sleep?
Nobody
can
answer
the
question
________.
：
仔细阅读原文，
< br>可得原文信息词
Nobody has yet
can
give a correct answer to this question.
经过分析语法及
< br>句法，然后结合问题，得出正确。
：
correctly
2)
词意转换
词汇转换包括同义词、反义词
等功能替代型转换；
初中范围内出现的：
A)
在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：
★
一<
/p>
般
情
况
下
，
在
形
容
词
前
加
un:
e.g.:
necessary---unnecessary;
welcome---unwelcome;
comfortable---uncomfortable;
★几种特殊情况，需要再形容
词前加
in; ir; im; dis
等：
e.g.:
加
in-:
active---
inactive;
correct---incorrect;
加
ir-:
regular---
irregular;
patient---impatient;
加
im-:
possible---impossible;
加
dis-:
polite---
impolite;
honest---
dishonest;
B)
常见的反义词：
cheap---expensive;
long---
short;
same---different;
hot
---cold;
happy---sad;
fast
---slow;
easy---difficult;
generous---selfish;
modest
---proud;
strong---weak;
hardworking---lazy;
clever
---silly; remember---forget.
C)
常见的同义词：
happiness=joy;
strong=
powerful;
sad=
unhappy;
afraid=
worried;
energetic=
lively;
calm=
relaxed;
influence=
affect;
know= realize; need= require; hope=
wish
l
例题
例
1
：
原文：
Get
you
ready
to
understand
new
information
your
teacher will provide.
题目：
to
understand
new
information.
：对比
原文与题目，可知
此需要找到一个词，意思相当于
get
ready,
可以想到是
prepare
，
< br>同时
prepare
满足，
pr
epare to do sth
：
Prepare
例
2
：
原文：
It is said that you
won
’
t want to visit any
other mountain
after seeing wu
yue(
五岳
) but you
won
’
t wish to see even wu
yue
after
you
come
back
from
it.
题目：
It
is
said
that
you
won
’
t to visit
any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you
won
’
t wish to see
even wu yue after
from it.
：找到
原文的
after
，
原文为
come back
而题干只有
一个，
想到
come
after
返回
=
return
，但此时主语也被省略掉，直接放在介词
after
之
后，所以需要变换
return
的形式。
：
returning
例
3
：
原文：
Be sure to remember the
following safety tips.
题目：<
/p>
Don
’
t _______ the
safety tips if you find yourself in the path of
a hurricane.
：主要
考查
remember
的反义词形式。
：
forget
例
4
：
原文：
If
your
mind
is
full
of
problems
in
the
past,
you
will
always feel ashamed and
sad.
题目：
Don
’
t let your mind
filled
the
mistakes in the past
：考查
be full of
的同义词
be filled
with
：
with
例
5
：
原文：
It
isn
’
t right to feel better
by putting others down.
题
目：
It
is
to feel better by putting
others down.
：
考察
not
right
的同义词
=wrong
：
wrong
3)
句子结构转换
语
法匹配
(to,
-ing,
-ed, <
/p>
主被动语态的转换
)
、连词、介词的运<
/p>
用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。
l
例题：
例
1
：
原文：
In
classroom,
your
teachers
will
talk
about
topics
that
you
are
studying.
The
information
they
provide
will
be
important for you to know when you take
tests. So you must be
able
to
take
good
written
notes
from
what
your
teachers
say.
题目：
The information that
is
by the
teachers about studying
topics is
useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you
to learn
take good notes.
：原文的
the
information they provide
是一
个省
略
that
的定语从句，变为问题时，定语从句中的主语被
偷换掉了，所以相应的动作和主语之间的关系也由主动变为
了被动，
动词形式需要变化
：
provided
例
2
：
原文：
Englishmen think guests
should do something to make
the
waiters
pay
attention
to
them.
题目：
Do
something
to
attract the
attention
：
原文
make the
waiters pay attention
to
the
m“
使得侍者们能够注意到他们
”
换为
主动的
“
吸引注意
”
< br>而这个注意力应该是侍者所给予的。
：
waiters
’
例
3
：
原文：
Students
must
spend
a
lot
of
time
learning
another
language.
题目：
It
Chinese
students too much time to
learn a
foreign language.
：考察同义句型：
sb. spend some
time doing= it takes sb. some time to
do
：
takes
3.
信息归
纳题，
综合概括获
根据问题查找定位信息，
找共性的东西。
归纳词的特
征包括：概括性。
常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握：
原因：
cause(s) / reason(s)
结果
/
结论：
result(s) /
/conclusion(s)
目的：
purpose/ aim
建议提示：
advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s)
问题：
problem(s) /trouble
方
式方法：
method(s)
/means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s)
<
/p>
措施
行动：
measure/actio
n
特性，
特点：
< br>characteristics/ feature
好
处
/
坏处：
advantage(s)/
disadvantage(s)
主题：
theme(s)
/
topic(s) / subject(s)
数字
/
数据
：
data/ figure(s)
种类：
type(s)
/
kind(s) /
形势
/
情形：
situation(s) /
condition(s)/ case(s)
重要性
/
意义：
importance(s)
/ meaning(s)
l
例题：
例
1
：
原文：
There are many things you
can do to improve the quality
of your
sleep. First, you should have regular sleep
habits. Try to
go to bed and wake up
around the same time each day. You also
need to make your bedroom a cool, dark,
quiet place to sleep so
that
heat,
light
and
noise
do
not
disturb
you.
At
night,
you
should also avoid things
that contain caffeine, such as chocolate,
coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as
caffeine may keep you from
sleeping.
题目：
The
title:
to improve
sleep
quality:
Have regular sleep habits
Make your bedroom cool,
dark
and
quiet
Don
’
t
drink
anything
with
caffeine
at
bedtime
：
总
结
概
括
题
：
Ways/Methods/
Measures/Steps/How
例
2
：
原文：
Nowadays in school
life
，
a lot of students
develop a fear
of
tests.
It
’
s
not
because
tests
are
something
to
be
afraid
of.
Most students are afraid of tests
mainly because they don
’
t
have
enough
self-confidence
and
they
don
’
t
always
think
they
are
well prepared. If you
follow the tips below, it
’
s
not difficult to
overcome(
克服
)your
fear of tests.
题目：
Title:
to
overcome your
fear of tests
：
How/Ways
例
3
：
题目：
Statistics
(
统计
) about school
kids
’
not having
breakfast
Reasons---They
stay up late at night to study and want to stay in
bed
for
a
few
more
minutes.
______
----They
can
’
t
listen
carefully
in
class.
They
feel
sleepy
all
day.
Suggestions----The
morning
meal
is
necessary,
for
it
provides
much energy.
：
仔细阅读上下文，
通过上下文语意、
逻辑关
系可得到正确。
：
Results
例
4
：
原文：
Music provides a kind of
ability to know the world in a
different
way.
Science
explains
how
the
sun
rises
and
sets.
Music explores the emotive meanings. We
need every possible
way to discover and
response to our world because no one way
can
get
it
all.
题目：
A
way
to
know
the
world:
We
can
’
t
discover
and
respond
to
our
world
in
just
one
way.
Science
explains how nature ______.
：
works
例
5
：
原文：
Music is a form of
thought, as powerful as science. It is a
way
we
human
beings
“talk”
to
each
other.
Through
the
language we express our feelings, our
discoveries, our ideas, our
imagination
and our hopes so that they can be shared with
others.
When we do not let our children
receive good music education,
we
take
away
from
them
the
meanings
that
music
expresses.
Science does not
tell us what it means to be human. Music does.
题目：
Music,
from
science,
tells
us
what
it
means
to
be
human.
：考查学生的总结概括以及固定搭配，文章倒数第
二段最后一句主要讲科学和
音乐的差异，要表示差异不同的
意思，又因为题中有
from<
/p>
，所以我们想到用
different
：
different
l
近三年九年级上期末任务型汇编
年份
/
区域
主题
文章类型
2017-2018
玄武
A
new
invention--
the
Plant
Lamp
科
技
说
明
文
2017-2018<
/p>
鼓
楼
Negative
Thoughts
议论文
2016-2017
玄武
How
to
develop
respect
for
yourself
议论文
2016-2017
鼓楼
A
Father
’
s
Letter
to
his
Child
信件
2015-2016
玄武
The
World
is
Getting
Smaller
议论文
2015-2016
鼓楼
Kobe
—
One
of
the
Best
Basketball
Players
人
物
传
记
Getting
electricity has always been a problem
for the 173 people living
in
Nuevo
Saposoa,
a
small
village
in
Peru,
South
America.
However,
things
went
worse
in
March
2017
after
heavy
rains
destroyed the only power cables in the
area. The villagers were
forced to use
oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also
dangerous because of the harmful gases
they produce.
Luckily,
researchers at the University of
Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru
heard
about their problem and found a wonderful
solution. They
made
a
lamp
that
can
be
powered
by
plants
and
soil,
both
of
which
can
be
easily
found
in
the
Amazonian
rainforest
where
the village lies. The
lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a
wooden box and uses it to light up an
LED light bulb.
While
that
may
sound
amazing
and
even
impossible,
the
science
behind the idea is
quite simple. As plants create their food (using
the sun
’
s energy,
water and chemicals from the soil), they also
produce waste which they return to the
soil. Tiny animals in the
soil
eat
this
waste
and
they
produce
electrons(
电子
).
The
UT
team put special sticks
inside the soil to get the energy and keep
it
in
the
lamp
’
s
batteries
for
later
use.
The
researchers
say
a
single
charge
(
电荷
)can
power
a
50-walt
LED
light
for
two
hours - enough time for
local villagers to get their evening work
done.
The
university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers
of
Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017. So
far, they have been a huge
success!
Elmer
Ramirez,
the
UT
professor
who
invented
the
lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could
help improve the lives of
many
people,
especially
small
rainforest
communities,
42%
of
whom
have
no
electricity.
A
new
invention--
the
Plant
Lamp
The problem in the small
village
The people living
in Nuevo
Saposoa
always
have
much
____56______
getting
electricity.
However
things
went
____57____
for
the
only
power
cables
there was destroyed
by heavy rains. The villagers had to use oil
lamps, ___58_____ they are expensive to
use and can be bad for
health.
The
___59____
to
solve
the
problem
Some
researchers
made
a
new
kind
of
lamp.
It
can
be
powered
by
_____60_____
objects
found
in
the
rainforest--plants
and
soil.
The lamp
takes ____61____ from a plant growing in a wooden
box
and
uses
it
light
up
an
LED
light
bulb.
The
science
explanation
Plants create their food
and produce waste which
is
____62___
to
the
soil
at
the
same
time.
Some
tiny
animals
feed on the waste and
produce electrons.
The UT
team can get
the energy and keep it in
the lamp
’
s batteries. The
researchers
say a 50-walt LED light can
be powered by a single charge for
local
villagers
to
______63____
their
evening
work.
Conclusion
Ten
Plant
Lamps
were
given
to
the
villagers
and
they have been very ____64______ since
then. Elmer Ramirez,
the inventor of
the lamp, ___65___ that Plant Lamp could help
improve
the
lives
of
many
people.
56.
difficulty/trouble;
57.
worse;
58.
although/though;
59.
method/way;
60.
common;
61.
energy;
62.
returned;
63.
finish/complete;
64. successful;
65. believes
58.
根据文章第一段最后一句话
The
villagers
were
forced
to
use
oil
lamps,
which
are
not
only
expensive
but
also
dangerous
because of the harmful gases they produ
ce
可知这里为同义替
换
althou
gh/though
。
59.
根据文章第二段第一句话
Luckily,
researchers
at
the
University of Technology
(UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their
problem and found a wonderful solution<
/p>
可知本题为同义替换，
solution
替换为
method/way
，本题不可以用
< br>solution
，
the
solution to
doing
。
60.
根据文章第二段第三行
both of which can
be easily found
in the Amazonian
rainforest where the village
lies
可知本题答
案为概括
common
。
61.
根据文章第二段最后一句话
The lamp takes
energy from
a plant growing in a wooden
box and uses it to light up an LED
light bulb
可知本题答案为原词
energy
。
62.
根据文章第三段第二句话
As
plants
create
their
food
(using
the
sun
’
s
energy,
water
and
chemicals
from
the
soil),
they
also produce waste which they return to the soil
可知本题
答案为原词重现
returned
。
63.
根据文章第三段最后一句话
The
researchers say a single
charge
(
电荷
)can
power
a
50-walt
LED
light
for
two
hours
-
enough time for local villagers to get
their evening work done
可
知本题为
同义替换
finish/complete
。
< br>
64.
根据文章最后一段第二句话
So
far,
they
have
been
a
huge succe
ss
可知本空为词性转换
successful
。
65.
根据文章最后一段第三句话
Elmer
Ramirez,
the
UT
professor who invented the lamp,
believes the Plant Lamp could
help
improve
the
lives
of
many
people,
especially
small
rainforest communities, 42% of whom
have no electricity
可知
此处为原词
believes
。学科
~
网
In
our
daily
life
many
people
always
have
negative(
消极的
)
thoughts.
Being
in
a
negative
space is harmful to our life and study. If you
keep them
in mind, you will lose hope
sooner or later. Let
’
s drive
away