-
功能
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个
状语从句
,常用来表示
时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:
表示时间
The meeting being over, all
of us went home.
开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done,
she sat down for a cup of tea.
她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。
表示条件
The condition being favourable, he may
succeed.
若条件有利,他或许能成
功。
表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk.
没有出租车,我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with
great care, the night being dark and frosty.
夜
又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good
conductors, silver being the best of all.
< br>几
乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。
(=
Almost all metals are good
conductors,
and silver is the best of all.)
独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴
随情况等,相当于
一个状语从句或并列句。
用作时间状语
The work done (=After the
work had been done), we went home.
工作完成后,
我们就回家了。
用作条件状语
Weather
permitting
(=If
weather
permits),
they
will
go
on
an
outing
to
the
beach
tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
用作原因状语
An important lecture to be
given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will
be given tomorrow), the professor has
to stay up late into the night.
因为
明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
用作伴随状语
He
was
lying
on
the
grass,
his
hands
crossed
under
his
head
(=and
his
hands
were crossed under his
head).
他躺在草地上,两手交叉枕在脑后。
表示补充说明
We redoubled our efforts,
each man working like two.
我们加倍努力,一个
人干两个人的活。
*
注:独
立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句
首,表示原因时
还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常
放于句末。
1>
一般独立主格形式
:
与主句逻辑关系松散
形式为
: n. +
-ed/-ing
形式
;n. +
不定式
n. +
介词短语
; n. +
形容词
;n. +
副词
.
名词
< br>/
主格代词
+
现在分词
名词
/
主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。
如:
p>
The
girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him),
he didn't know what
to say.
姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting
(= If time permits), we will go for an outing
tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。
名词
/
主格代词
+
过去分词
名词
/
主格
代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。
如:
The problems
solved (= As the problems were solved), the
quality has been
improved.
随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。
Her glasses
broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she
couldn't see
the words on the
blackboard.
由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
< br>名词
/
主格代词
+
不定式
名词
/
主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的
是一次具体性的动作。
如:
He is going to make a model
plane, some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧
p>
零件,他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each
other, one to go home, the other to go to the
bookstore.
他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。
名词
/
主格代词
+
形容词