The meeting being over

The meeting being over

, all of us went home.

开完会后我们都回家了。

Her work done

, she sat down for a cup of tea.

她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

表示条件

The condition being favourable

, he may succeed.

若条件有利，他或许能成功。

表示原因

There being no taxis

, we had to walk.

没有出租车，我们只好步行。

He wrapped her up with great care,

the night being dark and frosty

.

夜又黑又冷，所

以他把她裹得严严实实的。

表示伴随情况

Almost all metals are good conductors,

silver being the best of all

.

几乎所有的金属都

是良导体，

而银则是最好的导体。

(=Alm ost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the

best of all.)

3

用法

编辑

独立主格结构主要表示

谓语动词

发生的 时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个

状语从句

或

并列句

。

用作时间状语

The work done

(=After the work had been done), we went home.

工作完成后，

我们就

< br>回家了。

用作条件状语

Weather permitting

(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach

tomorrow.

如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

用作原因状语

An important lecture to be given tomorrow

(=As an important lecture will be given

tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.

因为明天要发表 一个重要的演

讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

用作伴随状语

He was lying on the grass,

his hands crossed under his head

(=and his hands were

crossed under his head).

他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。

表示补充说明

We redoubled our efforts,

each man working like two

.

我们加倍努力，一个人干两个

人的活。

*

注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个

状语从句

，一般放在句首，

表示原因时还可 放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个

并列句

，通常 放于句末。

4

形式

编辑

一般独立主格形式

与主句逻辑关系松散

形式为

: n. + -ed/-ing

形式

; n. +

不定式

; n. +

介词短语

; n. +

形容词

; n. +

副词

;

名词

/

主格代词

+

现在分词

名词

/

主格

代词

与

现在分词

之间是主动 关系。

如：

The girl staring at him

(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.

姑娘两

眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting

(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.

如果时间允许

的话，我们明天去郊游。

名词

/

主格代词

+

过去分词

名词

< br>/

主格

代词

与过去分词之间是被 动关系。

如：

The problems solved

(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.

随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken

(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words

on the blackboard.

由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

名词

/

主格代词

+

不定式

名词

/

主格

代词

与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次 具体性的动作。

如：

He is going to make a model plane,

some old parts to help

.

借助于一些旧零件，他要

做一个飞机模型。

They said good-bye to each other,

one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore

.

他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

< br>名词

/

主格代词

+

形容词

如：

An air accident happened to the plane,

nobody alive

.

那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生

还。

So many people absent

, the meeting had to be called off.

这么多人缺席，会议不得

不取消。

< /p>

名词

/

主格代词

+

副词

如：

He put on his sweater ,

wrong side out

.

他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over

, they all went home.

会议一结束，他们就都回家了。

名词

/

主格代词

+

介词短语

如：

The boy goes to the classroom,

book in hand

.

那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

Mary was sitting near the fire,

her back towards the door

.

玛丽

靠近

火炉

坐着，背对着

门。

名词

/

主格代词< /p>

+

名词

His first shot failure

，

he fired again

．

他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.

两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。