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《围城》第一章
一．
比喻
1.
夜仿佛纸浸了油，变成半透明体；它给太阳拥抱住了，分
不出身来，也许
是给太阳陶醉了，所以夕阳晚霞隐褪后的夜色也带着酡红。
《围城》第
6
页
译文：
The night, like paper
soaked in oil, had become translucent. Locked in
the
embrace
of
the
sun,
the
night
?
s
own
form
was
indiscernible.
Perhaps
it
had
become
intoxicated by the sun, which would explain why
the night sky remained
flushed long
after the gradual fading of the rosy sunset.
2.
海风里早含着燥热，
胖人身体给炎风吹干了，
蒙上一层汗结的盐霜，
仿佛
刚在巴勒斯坦的四海里洗过澡。
（第
6
页）
The ocean
breeze carried with
it an arid heat;
the scorching
wind blew dry the
bodies of fat people and covered them
with a frosty layer of salt congealed with
sweat, as though fresh from a bath in
the Dead Sea in Palestine.
3.
假使她从帆布躺椅上站起来，
会
见得身段瘦削，
也许轮廓的
线条太硬
，
像
方头钢笔
划成的。
< br>（
P8
）
…
and when she rose from the
canvas lounge chair, one could see how slight she
was. Moreover, the outline of her
figure was perhaps too sharp, as if it had been
drawn with a square-nibbed pen.
4.
年
龄看上去有二十五六，
不过
新派女人的年龄
好比
旧式女人合婚帖上的年
庚
，需
要考订学家所谓外证据来判定真确性，本身是看不出的。
(P8)
She could be twenty-five or twenty-six,
but then the age of modern women is like
the
birthdates
traditional
women
used
to
list
on
their
marriage
cards,
whose
authentication required what the
experts call external evidence, since they meant
nothing in and by themselves.
5.
孩
子不足两岁，塌鼻子，眼睛两条斜缝，眉毛高高在上，跟眼睛
远隔
得
彼此要
害相思病
，活象报上讽刺画
里中国人得脸。
(P10)
Her son, not
yet two years old, had a snub nose, two
slanted slits for eyes, and
eyebrows so
high up and removed from the eyes that the
eyebrows and the eyes
must have pined
for each other
—
a living
replica of the Chinese face in newspaper
caricatures.
6.
那女人平日里就有一种
孤芳自赏
、
落落难合的神情
――大宴会上没人敷衍
的来宾货喜酒席上过时
未嫁的少女
常有的神情――此刻更流露
出嫌恶，
黑眼
镜也遮盖不了。
(P10
)
Ordinarily the young woman had a
rather conceited, aloof expression, much like
that of a neglected guest at
a large party or an unmarried maiden at
a wedding
feast. At that
moment her distaste for the child surfaced so much
so that not even
her sunglasses could
hide it.
具体喻抽象，解释性比喻，联想设喻
7.
忠厚老实人的恶毒
，
像
饭里得砂砾或者出骨鱼片里未净的刺
，
会给人一种
不期待的伤痛。
（
< br>P12
）
The
viciousness
of
a
kind,
simplehearted
soul,
like
a
gritty
sand
in
the
rice
or
splinters in a deboned fish, can give a
person unexpected pain.
8.
她只穿绯霞色抹胸，
海蓝色贴肉
短裤，
漏空白皮鞋里露出涂红的指甲
……
有人叫她“
熟食铺子
”
（
Charcuter
ie
）
，
因
为只有熟食店才会把那许多颜色暖
热的肉公开陈列；又有人叫她
“真理”
，因为据说“真理是赤裸裸的”
。鲍小
姐并未一丝不挂，所以他们修正为“局部的真理”
。
（
P14
）
Some called her a charcuterie
—
a shop selling cooked
meats
—
because only such
a shop would have so much warm-colored
flesh on public display. Others called
her
“
Truth,
”
since it is said that
“
the truth is
naked.
”
But Miss Pao
wasn
?
t exactly
without a stitch on, so they revised
her name to
“
Partial
Truth.
”
连续用喻，一具体，一抽象；一俗一雅
9.
今天苏小姐起身我都不知道，
睡得像木头。
（
P14
）
I was sleeping like a log.
10.
她忙解释一句道：
“这船走着真像个摇篮，
人给它摆得迷迷糊糊只想睡。
< br>”
（
P14
）
She hastened to explain,
“
This boat really moves
like a cradle. It rocks you until
you
?
re so woozy
all you want to do is
sleep.
”
11.
学国文的人出洋“深造”
，听
来有些滑稽。事实上，惟有学中国文学的人
非到外国留学不可。因为一切其他科目像数学
、物理、哲学、心理、经济、
法律等等都是从外国灌输进来的，早已洋气扑鼻；只有
国文是国货土产，还
需要外国招牌
，方可维
持地位，正好像
中国官吏、商人在本国剥削来的钱要
换外汇
，才能保持国币的原来价值。
（
P22
）
It
may
sound
a
bit
absurd
for
someone
majoring
in
Chinese
to
go
abroad
for
advanced study. In fact, however, it is
only for those studying Chinese literature
that
it
is
absolutely
necessary
to
study
abroad,
since
all
other
subjects
such
as
mathematics, physics, philosophy,
psychology,
economics, and law, which
have
been improved from abroad, have
already been Westernized. Chinese literature,
the only native product, is still in
need of a foreign trade-mark before it can hold
its own, just as Chinese officials and
merchants have to convert the money they
have fleeced at home into foreign
exchange to maintain the original value of the
national currency.
距离大但有似同点
12.
方鸿渐受到两面夹攻，
才知道
留学
文凭
的重要。
这一张文凭仿佛有<
/p>
亚当、
夏娃下身那片树叶
的功用，可以遮
羞包丑；小小一方纸能把一个人的空疏、
寡漏、愚笨都掩盖起来。自己
< br>没有文凭
，好像
精神上赤条条的，没有包裹
。
（
P24
）
This diploma, it seemed, would
function the same as Adam and
Eve
?
s figleaf. It
could hide a
person
?
s shame and wrap up
his disgrace. This tiny square of paper
could cover his shallowness, ignorance,
and stupidity. Without it, it was as if he
were spiritually stark naked and had
nothing to bundle up in.
一正一反喻
13.
方鸿渐盘算一下，想爱尔兰人无疑在捣鬼，自己买张假
文凭回去哄人，
岂非也成了骗子？可是――记着，
方鸿渐进过哲
学系的——
撒谎欺骗有时并
非不道德。柏拉图《理想国》里就说
兵士对敌人、医生对病人、官吏对民众
都应该哄骗。圣如孔子，还假装生病，哄走了儒悲
，孟子甚至对齐宣王也撒
谎装病。
1
父
亲合丈人希望自己是个博士，做儿子女婿的人好意思教他们失
望么？
买张文凭去哄他们，
好比前清时代花钱捐个官，
或英国殖民
地商人向
帝国府库报效几万磅换个爵士头衔，
光耀门楣，
也是孝子贤婿应有的承欢养
志。
2
（
P24
）
Fang mulled it over for a while,
suspecting that the Irishman was undoubtedly up
to tricks. If he bought a bogus diploma
and went back to dupe other people with it,
wouldn
?
t he
himself be a fraud? But, remember, Fang had once
been a philosophy
major, and to a
hilosophy major lying and cheating were not always
immoral. In
Plato
?
s Ideal
State soldiers were justified in fooling the
enemy, doctors in fooling
their
patients,
and
officials
in
fooling
the
people.
A
sage
like
Confucius
had
pretended to be ill in
order to trich JU Pei into leaving, and even
Mencius had lied
to King Hsuan of
Ch
?i
and pretended that he
was ill. Since both his father and his
father-in-law
hoped
he
would
become
a
Ph.
D.,
how
could
he,
a
son
and
son-in-law,
dare
disappoint
them?
Buying
a
degree
to
deceive
them
was
like
purchasing an official
rank
in
Manchu times, or like the merchants
of a British
colony
contributing
a
few
ten
thousand
pounds
notes
to
the
royal
exchequer
in
exchange for a knighthood, he reasoned.
1)
暗喻，以道理喻道理，形象喻抽象，多个喻体
2)
具体喻抽象
西方哲理，中国典故、
14.
苏小姐把自己的
爱情
看得太名贵了，不肯随便施与。现在呢，宛如做了
好
衣服
，舍不得穿，锁在箱里，过一两年忽然发现这衣服的样子和花色都不
时髦了，有些自怅自悔。
(P30)
In
those
days
she
valued
her
affection
too
highly
to
bestow
it
casually.
Now,
however,
she
was
just
like
the
person
who
has
some
fine
clothes
made
and,
saving
them
for
good
occasions,
locks
them
in
a
chest.
Then
one
or
two
years
later she suddenly finds their style
and design are out of fashion and is filled with
disappointment and regret.
15.
苏小姐理想的自己是
“
艳如桃李，
冷若冰霜
”
，
让方鸿渐卑逊地仰慕而后
屈伏地求爱。谁知道气候虽然每天
华氏一百度左右，这种
又甜又冷的冰淇淋
作风
< br>全行不通。
（
P32
）
Miss Su, who pictured herself
in the words of the familiar saying,
“
as delectable
as
peach and plum and as cold as frost and
ice,
”
decided she would
allow Fang to
humbly gaze at her in
admiration and then prostrate himself to beg for
her love.
Who would have thought that
while the temperature hovered around 100 degrees
every day, this sweet, cool ice cream
manner of hers was completely ineffective.
16.
无论如何，从此他们两的交
情像热带植物那样飞快地生长。
（
P32
）
Be
that
as
it
may,
from
that
point
on
their
friendship
grew
with
the
speed
of
a
tropical
plant.
17.
衬了这背景，一个人身心的搅动也缩小以至于无，只心里一团
明天的希<
/p>
望
，还未落入渺茫，在广漠澎湃的黑暗深处，一点
营火似的自照着
。
（
P34<
/p>
）
Against this
background the tumult in a
man
?
s heart shrinks to
nothingness. Only
a
well
of
hope
for
the
morrow,
which
has
not
yet
descended
into
the
vastness,
illuminates
itself
like
the
speck
of
light
from
a
firefly
in
the
dark
depths
of
boundless, roaring waves.
18.
船上的
法国人
像
狗
望见了家，
气势顿长，
举动和声音也高亢好些。
（
P36
）
The
French
on
board
were
like
dogs
at
the
sight
of
their
master
?
s
home
—
their
chests suddenly filled out, their
actions became more arrogant, and the pitch of
their voices was raised.
19.
方鸿渐心中
电光瞥过
似的，忽然照彻，可是射眼得不敢逼视，周身得血
都升上脸来。
（
P36
）
It was as though lightening had flashed
through his mind and produced a sudden
blinding glare. All the blood rushed to
his face.
20. <
/p>
方鸿渐洗了澡，回到舱里，躺下又坐起来，
打消已起的念头
仿佛跟
女人
怀孕要打胎
一样得难受。
（
P36
）
Fang bathed and returned to his
cabin, lay down, and then sat up again. Trying to
dispel
the
thought,
once
it
has
lodged
there,
seems
as
agonizing
as
it
is
for
a
pregnant woman to have an abortion.
21.
鸿渐心直跳起来，又给那脚
步捺下去，仿佛一步步都踏在心上，那脚步
半路停止，心也给它踏住不敢动，好一会心被
压得不能更忍了，幸而那脚步
继续加快的走近来。
(P38)
His heart leaped up, but was then
pressed down by those footsteps, as if each step
trod upon it. The footsteps halted. His
heart likewise stood still, not daring to stir,
as though someone stood upon
it
…
22.
谁知道从冷盘到咖啡，没有一样东西可口：上来得汤是
凉得，冰淇淋倒
是热的；
鱼像海军陆战队
，已登陆好几天；
肉像潜水艇士兵
，会长时期伏在
水里；
除
醋以外，面包、牛油、红酒无一不酸。<
/p>
(P40)
…
But as it
turned out, there wasn
?
t a
single thing edible from the cold dishes to
the coffee. The soup was cold, and the
ice cream was warm. The fish was like the
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