英汉翻译实践1

2021年2月1日发(作者：assistance)

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

Unit 1

【例

1

】

The

history

of

a

tree

from

the

time

it

starts

in

the

forest

until

the

boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many

instances, an exciting story.

【译文】

一棵树，从它在森林中生长 起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历

史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故 事十分激动人

心。

【例

2

】

There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system

comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity

we experience when living in a particular time zone.

【译文】

人体有两个相互作用的时间 调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感

官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验 的周期性规律。

【例

3

】

I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each

of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.

【译文】

我发现 音乐史上有三类作曲家，他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不

同。

2

、较复杂语句的译文似通非通，甚 至不知所云。如：

【例

4

】

The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than

with

a

theme.

The

creative

act

with

Palestrina

is

not

the

thematic

conception

so

much

as

the

personal

treatment

of

a

well- established

pattern.

【译文】

传统型作曲家是从形式出发 而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱

斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的 个性化处理。

【例

5

】

Find

yourself.

Be

yourself.

Popularity

will

come

--

with

the

people

who respect you for who you are.

【译文】

发现自我，如实地表现自我 ，你自然会为人们所喜欢－－为那些

尊重你的真正个性的人们所喜欢。

< br>

【例

6

】

Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years?

【译文】

你预计今后五年上海的发展目标如何？

II.

课堂练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，

并比较翻译中的感 觉和译文的效果）

：

1.

It's more a poem than a picture.

2.

He drank himself out of the best lines.

3.

He pretends to be as modest as anything.

4.

Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.

5.

The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.

6.

Taking

care

to

pitch

my

voice

to

politeness,

I

asked

about

the

next

bus

to

Hattiesburg.

7.

If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret.

8.

The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.

- 1 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

III.

课堂练习参考译文：

1.

与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首诗。

2.

他借酒写得好诗句。

3.

他装得极为谦虚。

4.

火是无孔不入的，可是它更爱窜入通风的地方。

5.

循声而去，便轻而易举地找到了那间屋子。

6.

我陪着小心，用温和的口吻询问开往哈蒂斯堡下一斑车的情况。

7.

在社交场合，你就是感到情绪压抑，也不要表露出来。

8.

患有流感的幼儿和老人可能并发细菌性肺炎。

IV

.

课 外练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，

并比较翻译中的感觉 和译文的效果）

：

1.

He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who

has been there himself.

2.

World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout

his life he avoided publicity.

3.

While

you

are

in

the

act

of

summoning

your

energies,

focus

on

a

plan.

Don't

exhaust yourself with fruitless excursions into any and all possibilities.

4.

A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is good, it can not last too long; if

bad you can not get rid of it too early.

5.

Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a

bad check -- a check which has come back marked

6.

A

friend

is

someone

who

draws

out

your

own

best

qualities,

with

whom

you

sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.

7.

To petrol we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private

carriage drawn by the horse. To petrol we owe the possibility of flying.

8.

Because

of

limited

insurance

coverage,

many

people

will

have

to

look

to

their

own

resources

--

both

emotional

and

financial

--

to

care

for

an

infirm

or

recovering relative at home.

9.

During the last six years, 44 of 60 scholarship winners have been the children of

foreigners.

the

talent

search,

certainly

in

this

decade,

is

a

tribute

as

much

to

immigration as to education.

10.

The new architectural styles have become powerful image makers overseas. Two

stunning

arrivals

now

gracing

Hong

Kong's

crowded

skyline

--

the

privately-owned

Hong

Kong

&

Shanghai

Bank

building

and

Bank

of

China's

headquarters -- stand as monuments to the rival economic interests, cultures and

ideologies that define the city.

Unit 2

I.

课外练习参考译文：

1.

他要找一位了解他的案情，同情 他的处境，并有过亲身经历的人当他的

律师。

2.

他的著作举世闻名，而他个人却 一直默默无闻，因为他一生始终避免抛

头露面。

3.

在集中精力的过程中，要集中于 一种打算；不要同时涉足各种可能的情

况而搞得精疲力竭一事无成。

- 2 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

4.

书可以比作邻居：如果是好的， 相处愈久愈好；如果是坏的，分手愈早

愈好。

5.

美国没有履行这种神圣的义务， 相反，只是给黑人开了一张空头支票，

上面盖了“资金不足”的戳子后被退了回来。

6.

朋友是能 使你表现出自己最佳品质的人，和他在一起你就会精神焕发，

并且变得更具有友谊所要求 的种种内涵。

7.

有了汽油，我们才有了汽车，取代了私人马车；有了汽油，我们才有可

能飞上天 空。

8.

由于保险金的支付范围有限，许多人无论在感情上或经济上都必须靠自

己的力量在家中照 料病弱或康复中的亲人。

9.

过去六年里，每

60

名奖学金获得者中就有

44

名是外来移民的子女。人

才奖的评 选，当然是指这十年，不仅为美国教育，也为美国移民增添了光彩。

10.

这

种 种新的建筑风格已经非常有力地塑造了香港在海外的形象。在拥挤

的空中出现了两幢令人 叹为观止的新建筑点缀其间，一幢是私营的汇丰银行大

楼，

另一 幢是中国银行总部，

代表并象征了香港相互竞争的经济利益、

文 化和意

识形态。

【例

7

】

Public opinion plays a vital and healthy role in the political realm.

【译文】

舆论在政治领域起着极其重要的、有益的作用。

【例

8

】

I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to

lend support to me.

【译文】

我相信如果你非常好心能撑我一把的话，情况就不一样了。

【例

9

】

Jobs

and

work

do

much

more

than

most

of

us

realize

to

provide

happiness and contentment.

【译文】

职业和工作对于获得幸福和满足起了很大的作用，我们大多数人

对此却认识不足。

【例

10

】

For

Nat

Nakasa

the

pledge

he

was

required

to

sign

--

to

leave

his

country and never return proved too much; he committed suicide in New

York.

【译文】

对纳特·纳卡萨来说，要他 签字保证离开祖国永不返回是难以接

受的：他在纽约自杀了。

【例

11

】

In

the

wake

of

his

mother's

death

some

thirty-six

years

later,

Hemingway turned back to the adventure and tried to write a novel about

it.

【译文】

大约

36

年过后，

在他母亲去世后的不久海明威又想起了那次遭遇

的险情，并试图就此写一部小说。

【例

12

】

The

only

concession

he

made

to

the

climate

was

to

wear

a

white

dinner jacket.

【译文】

气候变化，

他仅稍稍作了一点变通，

赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

【例

13

】

If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a

most literal way -- taking it for granted that the family is the band of dogs

he belongs to.

- 3 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

【译文】

假如有些动物心理学家的分 析正确，狗对于他所在家庭的认同是

非常实际的－－它理所当然地认为这一家人就是它所 归属的一群狗。

III.

课堂练习（努力按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准， 把下列句子译成

汉语）

：

1.

She couldn't have come at a better time.

2.

She has been a widow only six months.

3.

I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.

4.

The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too.

5.

The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.

6.

From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are

different wave lengths.

7.

But the next century we'll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our

visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms.

8.

As

a

human

being,

we

should

demonstrate

our

intellectual

and

moral

superiority

by

respecting

others

for

who

they

are

--

instead

of

rejecting

them

for

who/what they are not.

IV

.

课堂练习参考译文：

1.

她来得正是时候。

2.

她的丈夫去世至今不过半年。

3.

我认为那篇讲话口气强硬，大可不必。

4.

马其顿之争同希腊也有关系。

5.

英国人同其他民族一样，也有丰富的感情。

6.

从物理学的观点来看，不同的波长有多少种，颜色就有多少种。

7.

但下个世纪我们将能根本改变< /p>

DNA

，

能在构建新的生命时把我们的种 种

想象、种种出于虚荣的要求，都编入遗传密码。

8.

作为人，我们应该不问他人的身 份如何都尊重他们，从而显示出自己高

超的智慧和道德，而不要因为他们没有某种身份或 地位而去卑视他们。

V

.

课外练习（努力按照忠实原文和 译文流畅两项标准，把下列短文译成汉

语）

：

< br>

I first took up walking as a means of escape. After a busy morning in my office,

I found it refreshing to take a stroll at lunchtime, to breathe the fresh air and feel the

sun.

Another

walk

in

the

cold

night

air

was,

I

discovered,

an

exhilarating

way

to

unwind.

I'll never forget the feeling I got one winter night as I walked the deserted streets

after many grueling hours at the hospital. I suddenly realized that I no longer felt tense

or tired. All the worries about my patients' illnesses, as well as my own personal cares,

seemed to evaporate as quickly as the smoky vapor of my breath in the frosty night.

As I incorporated walking into my schedule, not only were my spirits lifted, but

my weight and blood pressure were gradually reduced. I began reviewing the medical

literature

on

walking.

From

this

research,

and

my

clinical

observations

as

a

family

physician, I found that it is possible to walk your way to better health, a trimmer body

and a longer life -- no matter what your age.

- 4 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

Walking -- like swimming, bicycling and running -- is an aerobic exercise which

builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply

of

oxygen

to

skin

and

muscles.

Such

exercise

may

be

a

primary

factor

in

the

prevention of heart and circulatory disease.

As

probably

the

least

strenuous,

safest

aerobic

activity,

walking

is

the

most

acceptable exercise for the greatest number of people. Walking at comfortable speed

improves the efficiency of the cardio- respiratory system by stimulating the lungs and

heart, but at a more gradual rate than most other forms of exercise.

(279 words)

Unit 3

I.

课外练习参考译文：

我最初开始散步是作为一种脱身之计。在办公室里忙了一个上午之后，我

发现 午饭时出去走一走，吸一口新鲜空气，享受一下阳光，十分令人神清气爽。

我还发现，在 夜间充满寒意的空气中散步也是一种使人心旷神怡的放松办法。

一个冬夜，经过了医院里好几个小时精疲力竭的工作后我漫步 在空旷无人

的大街上，

那种感觉永远都无法忘却。

我一下子发现自己不再感到紧张疲劳。

什

么病人的病 情、

个人的烦恼，

似乎就像寒夜中呼出的热气，

一下子都烟消云散了，

我把散步纳入了每天的日程，不仅 精神振作了，而且体重和血压也逐渐下

降了。

我开始查阅有关散 步的医学文献。

通过研究，

还通过从事家庭保健医生工

作中的临床观察，我发现，无论年龄大小，散步都能健身瘦身，延年益寿。

散步同游泳、骑车、跑步等一样，是一种有氧运动，能 够增加皮肤和肌肉

的供氧，从而增进体能和耐力。这种运动可成为预防心血管疾病的主要 因素。

散步是一种最不激烈、最为安全的有氧运动，对绝大多数人都极其合适。

以舒适的速度步 行能促进心肺活动，

从而提高心肺功能，

虽然比起其他各种运动

方式来散步的作用较为缓慢。

II.

英汉翻译原理第二讲：什么是好的译文？（续）

【例

14

】

There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.

【译文】

他们之间既有对抗，又有合作。

【例

15

】

He died, and was survived by wife and three children.

【译文】

他死了，撇下了妻子和三个孩子。

【例

16

】

Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.

【译文】

司法部门如果对此不闻不问，那就是失职。

【例

17

】

Evidently

he

had

the

first

quality

of

an

angler,

which

is

not

to

measure the pleasure by the catch.

【译文】

他显然具备了垂钓者的首要品质，

即以钓为乐，

钓多钓少无所谓。

【例

18

】

Nothing out of its place is good, nothing in its place is bad.

【译文】

凡事不当无一是好，凡事得当无一是坏。

【例

19

】

Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day.

【译文】

幸福犹如甘露，要天天采集才能日日享用。

- 5 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

忠实 原文是指译文与原文实质内容上的一致，而不是形式上的一致。译者

由于对原文理解不深 ，

不能透过原文的形式掌握其实质内容，

仅见其形，

< p>
未见其

神，

这样译出的文字形式上似乎与原文一致 了，

但与原文的意思却相去甚远。

这

便 是犯了翻译上的形式主义。

但是灵活出了格，

过分强调译文的流 畅，

而不受原

文意思的约束，

闹了独立 性，

在原文的思想内容之外随意添枝加叶，

这种译法称

之为自由主义。

【例

20

】

This

was

one

of

the

secrets

of

his

great

popularity,

but

it

was

a

popularity which was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and bubbled,

and foamed for a while, only to recede, and be lost to its former possessor.

【译文】

这是他名噪一时的一个秘密 ，

但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定：

一时间奔腾高涨，汹涌澎 拜，转瞬间又一落千丈，终于在原来享有这

种声望的人身上荡然无存。

< br>

佳译欣赏：

【例

21

】

A thief is a thief.

【译文】

贼性难改。

【例

22

】

There was no snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead.

【译文】

天未下雪，但叶落草枯。

【例

23

】

Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters.

【译文】

人世间，事不由己，变迁灾祸，难以逆料。

【例

24

】

It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and

butterflies

coming

down

can

make

it.

It

was

a

day

compounded

from

silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at

all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and

matchless rhythm.

【译文】

绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶 翩翩，这日子是如此清新；蜜蜂无言，

春花不语，

海波声歇，< /p>

大地音寂，

这日子是如此安静。

然而并非 安静，

因为万物各以其独特的节奏，或动，或摇，或震，或起，或伏。

< br>

III.

课堂练习（努力 按照忠实原文和译文流畅两项标准，把下列句子译成

汉语，

翻译 时既要避免拘泥于原文结构的形式主义译法，

又要防止偏离原文内容

的自由主义译法）

：

1.

He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death.

2.

No greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a tyrant.

3.

He

had

a

disconcerting

habit

of

expressing

contradictory

ideas

in

rapid

succession.

4.

The expectation of collision informed British frontier policy in this period.

5.

Every

day

now,

the

suppression

of

truth

and

the

organizing

of

public

ignorance shame journalism.

6.

I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticket- seller saw me, her otherwise

attractive face turned sour, violently so.

7.

Accident

may

put

a

decisive

blunderer

in

the

right,

but

eternal

defeat

and

miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts, if cursed with indecision.

8.

In

their

rush,

these

companies

have

neglected

the

hardest

part

of

doing

business

in

China:

the

people

part.

The

result

is

that

many

have

jeopardized

their

performance in the long run.

- 6 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

IV

.

课堂练习参考译文：

1.

虚度年华者，虽生犹死。

2.

国之大难莫过于暴君当道。

3.

他有一种习惯让人受不了，意见反复不定，一会儿一个变化。

4.

英国预计到了将会发生冲突，并 据此对这一时期的边境政策作了调整。

5.

现在，天天都在隐瞒真相，愚弄 公众，这种做法是新闻界的耻辱。

6.

我走到售票台。女售票员一看见 我，她那原本颇为动人的脸刷地一沉，

变得怒气冲冲。

7.

出错者若处事果断，仍可意外取 得成功；才干出众者若优柔寡断，必然

屡屡失误。

8.

这些公司在一拥而入之中忽略了 在中国经营最艰巨的问题，

即人的问题，

结果许多公司严重损害 了他们的远期经营业绩。

V

.

课外练习（努力按照忠实原文和 译文流畅两项标准，把下列短文译成汉

语）

：

< br>

Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our

increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On

the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount

of

water

available

for

diluting

wastes.

Rapidly

expanding

industries

which

involve

more

and

more

complex

chemical

processes

will

produce

larger

volumes

of

liquid

wastes,

and

many

of

these

will

contain

chemicals

which

are

noxious.

To

feed

our

rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve

ever- increasing

quantities

of

agricultural

chemicals.

From

this,

it

is

apparent

that

drastic

steps

must

be

taken

immediately

to

develop

corrective

measures

for

the

pollution problem.

There are two ways by which the pollution problem can be dwindled. The first

relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the

processing of solid wastes

effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes.

Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from

sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients

contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental

source

of

water.

Many

industries,

such

as

meat

and

poultry

processing

plants,

are

currently

converting

former

waste

products

into

marketable

byproducts.

Other

industries

are

exploring

potential

economic

uses

for

their

waste

products.

(256

words)

Unit 4

I

、课外练习参考译文：

将来水的问题会变得更加尖锐复杂。

不断增长的人口将大量增加城市废物，

主要是生活污水。

另一方 面，

用水需求的不断增长将使得可用于稀释废水的水量

大大减少 。

快速发展的工业越来越多地采用各种复杂的化学方法，

从而使 废水大

量增多，

而很多废水中含有种种有害的化学物质。

为了养活迅速增长的人口，

农

- 7 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

业必须集约化，

这就会不断增加农用化学品的用量。

由此看来，

必须立 即采取果

断行动研究污染问题的整治措施。

整治污 染问题的方法有两种。第一种是通过废物处理减少污染的危害，包

括固体废物排放

“之前”

的处理和液体废物或污水的处理，

从 而实现水的循环利

用或者尽量降低最终排放前的污染程度。

第二种 方法是开发全部或部分废物的经济利用。农田中施用农家肥补充肥

分或有机肥。

有些地区使用污水处理厂排放的污水进行灌溉施肥。

其他水处理厂

排出的废水也可用作补充水源。

现在，

禽肉加 工等许多行业正在把原先废弃的下

脚料加工成可供出售的副产品，其他行业也在研究废弃 物的经济利用可能途径。

II

、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？

【例

25

】

For some people hope dies slowly.

【译文】

对有些人来说，希望不会轻易破灭。

【例

26

】

In planning my drive to the airport, I will factor in a cushion: to allow

for the unexpected, such as heavy traffic or a flat tire.

【译文】

< p>
我在安排开车前往机场时，总会考虑留一点时间，以防路上遇到

交通堵塞或 者轮胎漏气等意外情况。

【例

27

】

The blue in his fine eyes seemed to preclude his being a Syrian, but

there was an encouraging curve in his nostrils.

【译文】

看他那双蓝眼睛，

他似乎不可能是叙利亚人，

但看他鼻子的曲线 ，

却又使人觉得他很有可能是的。

【例

28

】

The pace was comfortable, so I decided to stay where I was.

【译文】

我觉得这种步速跑起来轻松，所以我就决定保持这种速度。

【例

29

】

He always lives ahead of his salary.

【译文】

他总是不到发薪水的日子就把钱花完了。或：他的薪水总是不够

花。

美国语言教学家

Wilga M. Rivers

说过理解中要掌握三个层次的意义，

即词

语 意义、

语法或结构意义以及社会和文化意义

（

< br>the three levels of meaning: lexical

meaning, structural or grammatical meaning, and social-cultural meaning

）

。

【例

30

】

So that's how I became just another kid in school.

【译文】

就这样，我成了学校里一名和其他孩子一样的普通孩子。

【例

31

】

At first, they were being nice.

【译文】

起初人们只是出于一时的好心。

【例

32

】

John

Major

faces

severe

social

and

economic

problems

as

well

as

tough

debate

over

European

integration,

but

his

top

priority

will

be

to

maintain the Tories' long lease on 10 Downing Street.

【译文】

梅杰面临严重的社会和经济 问题以及关于欧洲统一的艰苦辩论，

但是他的当务之急将是维系保守党的长期执政。

一、要理解原文语句的内部关系：

【例

33

】

Go to hell! You report what I have done to the authorities.

【译文】

去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我的所作所为好啦！

【例

34

】

He ate his savoury, and hurried the maid as she swept the crumbs.

【译文】

他吃完最后的一道消食小吃 ，

在女佣人打扫碎屑时，

催她快一点。

- 8 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

【例

35

】

Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time

admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.

【译文】

德里克自以为是个讨女人喜 欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的

时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

III

、

课 堂练习

（以下各句的译文在理解上都有问题。

请正确理解以下各 句，

并指出译文中的理解错误）及参考译文：

1.

My delegation is not satisfied that the case has yet been made for convening such

a broad conference.

我方代表团认为，还没有人提出充 分理由说明应召开如此广泛的会议。

The nationalized industries have been spoon-fed for so long that they don't care

whether they give value for money, or make a profit or loss.

一些国有行业长期受到优厚待遇，他们不在乎钱花得是不是值 得，也不在

乎盈利或亏损。

2.

I was not quite sure whether they had locked the door; and when I dared move, I

got up and went to see. Alas! no jail was ever more secure.

我不敢肯定他们是不是把门锁上了；等到我敢走动的时候，我 站起身来走

过去看看。天啊！锁得牢牢的好象监狱一般。

3.

Very hesitatingly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made

a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field.

我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后非常小心翼翼地在画布 雪白的底色

上点了豆子般大小的一点。

4.

I agree with you that many laws are unjust, but if you make every law a matter of

conscience you will end up in jail.

我同意你的意 见，很多法律是不公正的，但如果你对待每项法律都要讲良

心的话，你最终就得坐牢。< /p>

5.

Ring farewell to the century of physics, the one to which we split the atom and

turned silicon into computing power,

向物理学的世纪告别吧，在这个世纪里，我们实现了原子的分 裂，我们把

硅变成了计算能力。

6.

The

sun

sets

regularly

on

the

Union

Jack

these

days,

but

never

on

the

English

language.

现在，英国已 不再是个“日不落”的国家了，但是英语却还是在广泛地流

行使用。

（

Union Jack

英国国旗）

7.

I hear the Hindoo teaching his favorite pupil the loves, wars, adages, transmitted

safely to this day from poets who wrote three thousand years ago.

我听见印度人在向他的得意门生传授爱情故事、战 争和格言，这些都是由

三千年前的诗人所写并完好地流传至今。

IV

、课外练习（正确理解下列短文 ，并将其译成汉语）

：

First impressions are often lasting ones. Indeed, if you play your cards right, you

can enjoy the benefits of what sociologists call the

you're viewed positively within the critical first few minutes, the person you've met

will likely assume everything you do is positive.

- 9 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

How

you

move

and

gesture

will

greatly

influence

an

interviewer's

first

impression

of

you.

In

a

landmark

study

of

communications,

psychologists

discovered that seven percent of any message about our feelings and attitudes comes

from the words we use, 38 percent from our voice, and a startling 55 percent from our

facial expressions. In fact, when our facial expression or tone of voice conflicts with

our words, the listener will typically put more weight on the nonverbal message.

To make your first encounter a positive one, start with a firm handshake. If the

interviewer

doesn't

initiate

the

gesture,

offer

your

hand

first.

Whenever

you

have

a

choice of seats, select a chair beside his or her desk, as opposed to one across from it.

That way there are no barriers between the two of you and the effect is somewhat less

confrontational.

If

you

must

sit

facing

the

desk,

shift

your

chair

slightly

as

you

sit

down,

or

angle

your

body

in

the

chair

so

you're

not

directly

in

front

of

your

interviewer.

Monitor your body language to make sure you don't seem too desperate for the

job,

or

too

eager

to

please.

Keep

a

Poker

face

in

business

situations.

Inappropriate

smiling is the most common example of a nonverbal behavior that undercuts verbal

messages -- making you appear weak and unassertive.

Good eye contact is also

important.

One

study

found

that

job

applicants

who

make

more

eye

contact

are

perceived as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.

(298

words)

Unit 5

I

、课外练习参考译文：

第一印象常常是持久的印象。的确，如果处理得当，你就能有 幸获得社会

学家称之为“光环效应”带来的种种好处。这就是说，要是在一开始关键的几 分

钟里你就给人留下好的印象，初遇者就可能认为你办的事件件都好。

< br>

你的一举一动都会大大影 响你给面试者的第一印象。在有关人际交流的一

项意义重大的研究中心理学家发现，

关于情感和态度的信息有

7

％来自我们的语

言文字，

有

38

％来自我们的语音，

而惊人的是，

竟有

55

％来自我们的面部表情。

事实上，

如果面部表情或说话语调与我们所说的话发生矛盾时，

听者通常会更加

看重那些非语言信息。

为 了使第一次面试成功，一开始的握手要坚定有力。如果面试者没有主动

伸出手来，

你就主动先把手伸出来。

要是可以选择座位的话，

要坐在面试者桌子

的侧面，

而不要坐在正对面。

< p>
这样坐法你们中间就没有障碍了，

而且在一定程度

上起到减少对立的作用。

如果你只能坐在桌子对面，

那么坐的时 候把椅子稍微挪

一下或者把身体坐的角度偏一点，这样你就不是正对着面试者了。

要注意你的形 体语言，千万不要表现得对这份工作迫不及待，也不要表现

得急于讨好别人。

< p>
要保持一种办理公事时一本正经的神态。

非语言行为可削弱语

言信息的力量，

从而使你显得优柔寡断缺乏自信，

而 不合时宜的微笑就是一个最

为常见的例子。

良好的目光交流也非 常重要。

有一项研究发现，

多用目光进行交

流的求职者可给人以更为机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。

- 10 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

II

、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？（续）

二、要理解特殊语言现象的特殊含义：

【例

36

】

John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since he

was a high school teacher in Washington.

【译文】

约翰现在同父母一起住在纽 约；他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三

年了。

【例

37

】

She didn't attend the meeting because she wanted to.

【译文】

她去开会并不是她自己想去。

【例

38

】

As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base

for

a

new

plane,

it

was

an

excellent

site,

its

remoteness

effectively

masking its activity.

【译文】

作为 居住之处，这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机的秘密训

练基地，却是非常理想的。它 地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动。

【例

39

】

The

teacher

didn't

tell

her

students

that

in

so

many

words

,

but

obviously something about her attitude convinced them.

【译文】

老师没有把这种情况对学生 明说，但她的某种态度显然使学生相

信情况的确如此。

【例

40

】

If I am

getting a free ride

, how come I am so tired when I go home at

the end of a shift?

【译文】

如果我上班偷闲的话，我下班回家怎么会那么累呢？

【例

41

】

I am sorry I

was

a little

short with

you just now. I don't feel myself

today.

【译文】

刚才对你态度不好，我很抱歉。今天我身体有点不舒服。

三、要结合上下文语境进行理解：

【例

42

】

The financial implications of this resolution remain to be defined.

【译文】

本决议所涉及的财政问题尚待确定。

本决议对财政工作的意义尚待阐明。

【例

43

】

The

tyrants

might

array

their

cruelty,

but

the

people

would

oppose

their bravery.

【译文】

暴君恣意肆虐，人民则奋勇反抗。

【例

44

】

Managers

face

a

host

of

new

business

realities,

such

as

changing

patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new

alliances.

【译文】

管理人员面对的是商界前所 未有的种种现实，诸如企业用工方式

的不断变化

包括大幅度增加外部采办和新建联产单位。

III

、

课 堂练习

（正确理解以下各句，

并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉 语）

：

Let it deceive them, then, a little longer; it can not deceive them too much.

We shall never get anywhere with all the criticism and fault finding. I believe in

the principle

He

said

that

no

one

could

beat

him

at

tennis,

but

he

had

to

eat

his

word

after

losing several games.

I

had

read

too

many

novels

and

had

learned

too

much

at

school

not

to

know

a

good deal about love.

- 11 -

1.

2.

3.

4.

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

5.

In

fact,

one

office- system

expert

recently

said

that

he

had

yet

to

encounter

a

business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency.

6.

Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more

than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and serious

faults.

7.

There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate

the

richness

and

variety

of

the

English

language

than

by

studying

the

various

ways in which Shakespeare used it.

8.

We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that

we

will

make

mistakes.

But

it's

more

than

that

we

feel

human.

We

now

feel

entitled.

IV

、课堂练习参考译文：

1.

那就让这事再骗他们一会儿吧，无论怎样骗他们都不算过分。

2.

这一套批评挑剔的做法是行不通 的。我相信“互相容忍”的原则。

3.

他说打网球没人打得过他，但输 了几场之后，他只好承认自己说错了。

4.

我读过很多小说，在学校里所见 所闻也不少，对于爱情自然就知道得很多。

5.

事实上，有位办公制度专家最近 说过，他还没见到过有哪个办公场所的工作

效率高于百分之六十。

6.

有头脑的人谁也不会指望求 职者说出自己的缺点和严重过错，同样，也不会

指望广告里说的全是真话。

7.

对于外国人（甚至 包括英国人）来说，要欣赏丰富多采的英语，最好的办法

也许就是学习莎士比亚使用英语 的各种方法。

8.

我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错误。但是，

我们 觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今感到有权利犯错误。

V

、课外练习（正确理解下列短文， 并将其译成汉语）

：

A

new

era

is

upon

us.

Call

it

what

you

will:

the

service

economy,

the

information

age, the knowledge society.

It

all translates to

a fundamental

change in

the way we work. Already we're partly there. The percentage of people who earn their

living

by

making

things

has

fallen

dramatically

in

the

Western

World.

Today

the

majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these

countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are

in

the

workforce

than

ever

before.

There

are

more

part-time

jobs.

More

people

are

sell-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by

numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about

the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed

to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers -- all these are being

challenged.

We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No

one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single

invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal

computers,

digital

communications

and

factory

robots.

Tomorrow's

achievements

in

biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could

produce a similar way of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and

- 12 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they

work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth;

computer

knowledge

will

become

as

basic

a

requirement

as

the

ability

to

read

and

write.

The

ability

to

solve

problems

by

applying

information

instead

of

performing

routine

tasks

will

be

valued

above

all

else.

If

you

cast

your

mind

ahead

10

years,

information

services

will

be

predominant.

It

will

be

the

way

you

do

your

job.

(320 words)

Unit 6

I

、课外练习参考译文：

我们正面临着一个新时代。随你怎么称呼它：服务经济也好， 信息时代也

好，知识社会也好，一句话，都说明了我们工作方式的根本变化。事实上我们 已

经开始进入这个时代。

西方社会依靠制造产品谋生的人数比例 急剧下降了。

今天，

在美洲、欧洲和日本，大多数人（这些国家 中有许多国家已高达三分之二以上）

从事服务业，而且人数还在增加。跟从前相比，妇女 从业的人数增加了，兼职工

作增加了，个体经营者增加了。但是，经济变革幅度的衡量不 能只凭数字，因为

经济变革同时也引发了对工作本质的全新思维。

有关工作和职业生涯、

获得成功

所必须的技能、乃至个人与雇 主的关系，种种传统的观念正在受到挑战。

我们只要回顾从前，

就可以对未来有 所了解。

没有那一位展望未来

20

年的

人能够预料到硅片这样一项发明，

因其在个人电脑、

< p>
数字通讯和工业机器人中的

应用，

会给我们的世界 带来的种种变化。

明天在生物技术、

人工智能或者有些迄

今为止甚至难以想象的技术方面所取得的成就，

可能会引起类似的急剧 变化。

但

有一点是肯定的：

信息和知识 将变得更加重要，

而拥有信息和知识的人们，

无论

他们从事制造业或者服务业，

将会具有优势并创造财富，

计算机技术将与读写能

力一样成为一种基本要求。运用信息解决问题的能力，而不是 日常工作的完成，

将尤其受到重视。

展望未来

< br>10

年，

信息服务将支配一切，

将成为你的工作方式。

II

、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？（续）

四、要通过吃透词语含义进行理解：

【例

45

】

While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets,

men

often

struggle

to

express

their

emotions

in

relationship

with

other

men.

【译文】

许多女人亲密相处互吐隐秘 感到心安理得，而男人要对其他男人

表露感情却非易事。

【例

46

】

On the drunken occasion in question, I was insufferable about liking

you, and not liking you. I wish you would forget it.

【译文】

那一次喝得酩酊大醉的时候，我说了喜欢你不喜欢你的一番话，

让你受不了，希望你忘了 它吧。

【例

47

】

I felt uncomfortable in the suit I had dredged up to wear.

【译文】

穿着那套费了好大功夫才找出来的衣服，我觉得浑身不自在。

【例

48

】

The school bully threatened Martin with a thick ear.

【译文】

学校的小霸王扬言要打马丁的耳光。

- 13 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

【例

49

】

The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency;

it

pulls

down

the

fences

around

the

practical

and

even

the

theoretical

intelligence.

【译文】

计算机使人类的能力有可能发生巨大的飞跃；它拓展了人类从事

实践工作甚至理论工作的 智慧。

五、要明确词语的具体指代进行理解：

【例

50

】

Fifty cases of woolen sweaters were shipped from Shanghai to New

York.

They

were

products

of

the

city's

first

joint

venture.

Owing

to

a

storm

at

sea,

some

of

the

cargo

got

stained

by

seawater.

However,

the

goods duly arrived yesterday.

【译文】

有

50

箱羊毛衫从上海发往纽约。

这些 羊毛衫是上海首家合资企业

的产品。由于海上遇到风暴，其中一部分遭到海水污损，但这 批货物

已于昨天按时运抵。

【例

51

】

bless

you,

my

child,

said

she,

embracing

Amelia,

and

scowling the while over the

girl's

shoulder at

Miss Sharp.

Becky,

【译文】

她搂着爱米丽亚说：

“求老天保佑你，孩子。

”一面 说，一面从爱

米丽亚肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕，赶快拉

着夏泼小姐出来，口里说：

“走吧，小姐。

”

【例

52

】

I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild

fury.

【译文】

我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。

III

、

课 堂练习

（正确理解以下各句，

并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉 语）

：

The investigations were temporarily tabled due to more pressing business.

After

all,

all

living

creatures

live

by

feeding

on

something

else,

whether

it

be

plant or animal, dead or alive.

One of the great charms of Lawrence as a companion was that he could never be

bored and so could never be boring.

A grass eating animal cannot exist without grass, a predator without prey, a plant

without certain basic chemicals or certain kinds of soil.

If

we

could

consider

placing

ourselves

in

other

people's

shoes,

we

could

teach

ourselves how damaging it is to assume anything about anyone.

A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To

do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible

solutions.

Next

door,

a

large- than-expected

audience

of

300

attended

the

International

Conference on Laser Atmospheric Studies, which will be covered separately next

month.

The quality of attendance, enhanced by an exhibit-admission fee of $$50 per day,

was widely extolled. The quantity was in doubt, however. All of the 14 exhibitors

interviewed questioned the figure of 5,200 given by Fair director G

.B. Hovel; the

consensus was 2,500 attendees.

IV

、课堂练习参考译文：

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

- 14 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

1.

由于有更紧急的任务，调查暂不进行。

2.

毕竟所有的生物都靠吃其他东西 生存，不管这种东西是植物还是动物，是死

的还是活的。

3.

在跟劳伦斯的相处中感到他有一 点可爱之处，那就是他从不讨厌人，因而也

从不讨人厌。

4.

食草动物没有草不能生存，食肉 动物没有猎物无法活命，植物没有一定的基

本化学物质或一定的土壤就生长不了。

5.

如果我们能 够设身处地为别人着想，就会懂得对别人臆断有多大害处。

6.

有创造性的人在形成一种想法时 决不会照搬固定不变的模式。

那种做法往往

会束缚思想，有碍于 想出多种可能的解决方案。

7.

< /p>

隔壁大厅里，出乎意料地有

300

人出席 了国际激光大气研究会议，有关会议

情况本刊将于下月另文报道。

8.

由于每天的入场券票价高达

50

美元，所以前往参观的人都有些身份，受到

了普遍称颂。但是参观人数值得怀疑。有

14

家参展厂 商接受了采访，都对

交易会主任霍佛尔提供的

5,200

人这个数字表示怀疑，

一般估计是

2,500

人。

V< /p>

、课外练习（正确理解下列短文，并将其译成汉语）

：

< p>

One of my favourite moments of the day is among the last -- the last conscious

one, anyway. After several attempts at keeping my eyelids from fluttering closed and

the

book

from

collapsing

onto

my

chest,

I

know

it

really

is

time

to

go

to

sleep.

I

affectionately

place

the

book

on

the

bed

beside

me.

We

sleep

together,

me

and

my

book, me and those characters, me and my mixed-up dreams.

Reading in bed seems to run in families. The last time my mother babysat for

me, I got home to find the house dark except for two small lights. One came from my

son's

room,

where

I

discovered

the

eight-year-old

holed

up

under

the

covers

with

Goosebumps

and a flashlight. At the other end of the house, my mother had already

dozed off with her book.

Somewhere

in

the

middle

is

me,

a

grown-up

version

of

the

girl

who

used

to

camp out under covers with

Nancy Drew,

a foreshadowing of a baby-sitting grandma

whose sons will come home to find Mom snoozing contentedly beneath her paperback.

Instead

of

arranging

my

books

into

traditional

categories

--

fiction

and

nonfiction,

novels

and

short

stories,

self-improvement

and

pleasure

--

I

divide

my

bedside

reading

into

books

that

put

you

to

sleep

and

those

that

keep

you

up.

Both

have their place. Just last night I picked up a slender but densely written volume of

literary criticism for the knockout punch I knew it would deliver. At the other end of

the

spectrum

are

the

suspense

heavy

plots

that

keep

you

turning

pages

into

the

single- digit

hours

--

crime

novels,

love

stories,

comedies

of

manners,

narrators

so

charming

you

cannot

bear

to

quit them,

worlds

so

richly

drawn

you

cannot

bear

to

leave. (293 words)

Unit 7

I

、课外练习参考译文：

- 15 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

一天 中我最喜欢的是最后那段时刻－－至少是醒着的最后那段时刻。我再

三努力不让眨动的眼 皮合上，

不让书本掉落在胸前，

这时候我知道真的该入睡了。< /p>

我深情地把书放在身边的床上。

我们一起入睡－－我和我的书，< /p>

我和书中的人物，

我和交杂的梦境，都一起入睡。

< br>躺在床上看书似乎成了家传。上一次母亲帮我照看孩子时，我回到家里发

现整幢房 子一片漆黑，

只有两处微弱的灯光。

一处在我儿子的房间，

我看到八岁

的儿子拿着一本《鸡皮疙瘩》

， 打着电筒躲在被窝里看书。房子的那头，母亲拿

着书已经打起盹来。

差不多在这一老一小的中间就是我：一个已经长大成人的昔日女孩，过去

经常在野营时把《南茜·德鲁》漫画藏在被窝里与之同眠，一位将来帮儿子照看

小孩的老奶奶，儿子回家时发现母亲已经心满意足地脸上盖着书本呼呼入睡。

我没有 按照传统的分类方法把书分为小说类和非小说类、

长篇类和短篇类、

修身养性类和娱乐消遣类，

而是把床头读物分为催人入眠类和驱散睡意类。

两类

书籍各得其所。

就在昨天晚上，

< p>
我挑了一本薄薄的但文字密集的文学评论。

我知

道 这本书会让我倒下就睡着。与之完全不同的另一类则是情节紧张扣人心弦的

书，如犯罪小 说、爱情故事、生活喜剧，书中的叙事充满魅力令你不忍打断，书

中的世界引人入胜使你 难舍难离，

你会一页又一页地翻下去，

一直看到十二点钟

过后。

II

、英汉翻译原理第三讲：怎样理解原文？（续）

六、要理解词语不同用法时的不同含义：

【例

53

】

They were distressful memories to her.

【译文】

这些都是勾起她痛苦回忆的往事，

【例

54

】

Anyone

who

doubts

that

global

financial

markets

control

national

economies need only look at the crisis facing the

【译文】

无论是谁，如果认为世界各国金融市场未必能控制各国经济，只

须看一看远东地区的“四小龙”所面临的这场金融危机就明白了。

【例

55

】

Concerned farmers are building terraces on hilly fields, rotating their

crops, and using new plowing methods to cut soil losses significantly.

【译文】

关注事态的农民们在山地上 修造梯田，实行轮作，并采用新法耕

作以大幅度减少土壤流失。

七、要注意省略和替代部分的理解：

【例

56

】

not sure about the rest.

【译文】

“他的藏画全都卖了吗？”

“有一部 分画他已经卖了，

其他的我

说不准。

”

【例

57

】

In other words there is at work in the language of a man, or of an age

even, a constant principle of selection.

【译文】

换句话说，不仅一个人的语 言，甚至于一个时代的语言，都不断

受到淘汰原理的影响。

- 16 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

【例

58

】

A causeless event or thing, we cannot think of any more than we can

of a stick with only one end.

【译文】

我们不可能设想有哪件事情 是无缘无故产生的，就像我们不可能

设想有哪根棍子只有一头一样。

【例

59

】

We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human

implies that we will make mistakes. But it's more than that we feel human.

We now feel entitled.

【译文】

我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错

误。但是，我们觉得自己 是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今

感到有权利犯错误。

【例

60

】

You have acted as if you do; but I don't think you do.

【译文】

你装出好象很喜欢我的样子，可我觉得你并不喜欢我。

III

、

课 堂练习

（正确理解以下各句，

并在正确理解的基础上将其译成汉 语）

：

If anyone has the right to hope he can solve what to most physicists would seem

unsolvable, he has.

By taking thought, men can move mountains -- and had retired to private

prayer in his chamber.

Many considerations go into growing the most flavorful produce, and the simple

fact of being certified

Senate

Majority

Leader

George

Mitchel

hit

the

ceiling,

as

did

most

other

Democrats, who immediately declared themselves allergic to taxes.

Two of the largest and most powerful nations of the world have since 1950 lived

in isolated ignorance of one another and mutual fear and hate.

At the meeting, Johnson was very critical of Smith's record, but she was able to

blunt his attack by showing that he had a private grievance against her.

Along

with

strong

incentive

and

education

systems,

third-wave

companies

maintain an openness to outside ideas and a tolerance for failure that help to keep

innovative thinking alive.

When he dined with his sister that evening, Madeline helped herself to a cigarette

from

his

pack

on

the

table,

and

lit

and

smoke

it

inexpertly.

Her

defiant,

self-satisfied, somewhat pathetic air made Warren laugh.

IV

、课堂练习参考译文：

如果说谁有权利希望自己能解决大多数物理学家似乎无法解决 的问题，

那么

他就有这种权利。

人们只要动脑筋，就能移山填海－－而且人们已经这样做了。

最具风味的农产品的种植涉及到许多因素，而仅仅获得“天然产品”的认证

并不能保证什么。

参议院多数党领袖米契尔和大多 数民主党人士都大发雷霆，

他们立即宣称无

法忍受增税。

自

1950

年以来 ，世界上两个地域最大、实力最强的国家彼此隔离，毫无了

解，相互间既恐惧又敌视。< /p>

在会上，约翰逊百般指责史密斯过去的所作所为，但史密斯指出 约翰逊对她

有私仇，因而削弱了约翰逊攻击的锋芒。

- 17 -

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

7.

第三次浪潮时代的企业除了需要 有力的激励和教育机制外，

还应善于接受外

界的思想，善于容忍 失败，这样才有利于思想上的活跃创新。

8.

华伦那天跟妹妹美德琳一起吃晚饭时，

妹妹从桌上他的烟盒里取出一支香

烟，不太在行地抽了起来。她那种不可一世、自鸣得 意、又有点惹人爱怜的

神气引得华伦哈哈大笑。

V

、课外练习（正确理解下列短文， 并将其译成汉语）

：

Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone

thinks

attractive

people

are

happier

and

healthier,

have

better

marriages

and

have

more

respectable

occupations.

Personal

consultants

give

them

better

advice

for

finding

jobs.

Even

judges

are

softer

on

attractive

defendants.

But

in

the

executive

circle, beauty can become a liability.

While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive

ladder, it is harmful to woman.

Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer

men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.

Attractive

female

executives

were

considered

to

have

less

integrity

than

unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.

All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to

be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise

of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships

and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.

Why

are

attractive

women

not

thought

to

be

able?

An

attractive

woman

is

perceived

to

be

more

feminine

and

an

attractive

man

more

masculine

than

the

less

attractive

ones.

Thus,

an

attractive

woman

has

an

advantage

in

traditionally

female

jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the

This is true even in politics.

treat

men

and

women

differently,

says

Anne

Bowman,

who

recently

published

a

study

on

the

effects

of

attractiveness

on

political

candidates.

She

asked

125

undergraduate

students

to

rank

two

groups

of

photographs,

one

of

men

and

one

of

women,

in

order

of

attractiveness.

The

students

were

told

the

photographs

were

of

candidates for political offices. The were asked to rank them again, in the order they

would vote for them.

The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but

the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.

(332 words)

Unit 8

I

、课外练习参考译文：

- 18 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

人们 始终认为美丽是值得称赞的。几乎人人都以为漂亮的人会比别人幸福

健康，婚姻美满，职 业高尚。个人事务咨询员会给他们提供更好的求职建议，甚

至法官对漂亮的被告态度也会 格外温和。

然而，

在主管人员中，

美丽 可成为一种

不利因素。

漂亮对于步步 高攀想当主管的男子是一种积极因素，但对于女子却反而有

害。

人们认为英俊的男主管比外貌平平 者更有诚信，认为努力和能力是他们成

功的原因。

人们以为漂亮的女主管比不漂亮者 缺乏诚信，她们的成功不是由于能力，

而是由于运气之类的因素。

人 们觉得所有不漂亮的女主管比漂亮的女主管更有诚信，更有能力。然而，

耐人寻味的是，

与一夜之间获得成功的漂亮人士相比，

人们认为一夜之间获得成

功的不漂亮人士更多地是由于人际关系，而不是由于能力。

为什么会认为漂亮女子没有能力呢？人们认为，与不漂亮者相 比，漂亮女

子更具有女性特点，

而漂亮男子则更具有男性特点。

所以，

漂亮女子从事女子从

事的传统职 业时就具有优势，

而漂亮女子从事男子从事的传统职业时看来则缺乏

所需的“男性”特点。

这种情况甚至在政治界也一样。安·波门最近发表了一份关于外貌漂亮对

政治候选人的影响的研究报告，

她说：

“当人们看待某人的 唯一依据只有外貌时，

她们对男子和女子的态度是不一样的。

” 她要求

125

名大学本科学生把两组照片

按照漂亮的顺序进行排队，

一组是男子，

一组是女子。

她告诉学生这些都是一些

政治职位竞选人的照片，再要求她们把照片按 照他们打算投票的顺序进行排队。

结果表明，漂亮男子完全击败了漂亮女子，但被排在最漂亮之列的那几名

女子一律获得的票数最少。

II

、英汉翻译原理第四讲：怎样表达译文？

【例

61

】

Dawn

breaking

over

the

islands,

very

beautiful

in

a

soft

grey

light

with

many

clouds.

There

is

a

transparency

about

the

light

here

which

cannot be described or painted.

×拂 晓已降临岛上，灰色的柔光，许多云彩，景色美极了。这里有透明的

光线，它是不能描写 也不能画出来的。

【译文】

曙色中的海岛美极了，晨光熹微，彩云片片，澄彻的光影无法形

容，无 法描画。

【例

62

】

Constant

technological

advances

in

soil

conservation

and

livestock

production will be required to keep pace with this ever-growing need.

【译文】

为了适应这种日益增长的需求，水土保持与畜牧生产的技术需要

不断进步。

一、要摆脱原文语句结构的影响：

【例

63

】

Interest

in

historical

methods

has

arisen

less

through

external

challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more

from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

- 19 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

【译文】

人们之所以关注历史研究的 方法，主要是因为史学界内部意见不

一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学科。

【例

64

】

Distance from the event should make the memories less painful.

【译文】

时过境迁，痛苦的往事自然在记忆中淡漠。

【例

65

】

Perhaps, after all, there was no enigma

（

费解的事物，

谜团）

about him,

except

in

the

minds

of

lesser

men

who

found

it

hard

to

conceive

such

tenacity of purpose.

【译文】

也许他身上毕竟没有什么不 可思议的东西。所谓不可思议，只是

那些不如他的人对他那种坚韧不拔的意志感到不可思 议而已。

【例

66

】

It

was

an

elderly

woman,

tall

and

shapely

still,

though

withered

by

time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

【译文】

他站住，转过身来，定睛一 看，是个年迈妇女，个子很高，依然

一副好身材，虽然受岁月折磨而显得憔悴。

二、要避免照搬英汉词典中的释义：

【例

67

】

Like my friend, I now have an alternative to complaining. When I'm

bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for

an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees.

【译文】

同有位朋友一样，我现在不 再抱怨，而是去做一些别的事情。在

生活中感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅笔，到后院里随便涂 鸦个把小时，画

画树林的速写，尽量画得看上去像是树林。

【例

68

】

His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.

【译文】

更深夜静，美景宜人，他的烦恼不禁烟消云散。

【例

69

】

But this arms race strained the government's principles as well as its

budgets.

【译文】

但是这场军备竞赛使政府的原则无法自圆其说，也使其预算捉襟

见肘。

III

、 课堂练习（将下列句子译成汉语，并注意运用汉语的表达优势使译文

尽量通顺流畅）

：

1.

She showered us with telegrams.

2.

Your comment is more bravely made than correct.

3.

The man, more dead than alive, was brought in and locked in the cellar.

4.

Civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.

5.

There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased

all of them.

6.

It was a dry, cold hand, and the grip was severe, with more a feeling of bones in it

than friendliness.

7.

Hitler's

mistakes

gave

Roosevelt

the

victory:

just

as

at

Waterloo

it

was

less

Wellington who won than Napoleon who lost.

8.

If an entrepreneur was suddenly given as much money as he wanted would he stop

his activities or use the money to develop new ones? History is very much on the

side of the new activities.

IV

、课堂练习参考译文：

- 20 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

她的电报纷至沓来。

你的评论勇敢有余，正确不足。

那人被半死不活地带进地窖关了起来。

谦恭不是软弱，真诚总须凭据。

这个 方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以他们都很满意。

那是一只干瘪冰冷的手，紧紧的一握，只让人觉得摸到一把骨头，并没有感

受到什么友情 。

希特勒犯下的错误使罗斯福取得了胜利：正如在滑铁卢战场 上，与其说是威

灵顿赢了，不如说是拿破仑输了。

< p>
如果一名企业家突然得到他想要的那么多钱，他会停止经营活动呢，还是会

用这笔钱去开拓新的经营活动？历史表明，

企业家多半会去开拓新的经营活

动。

V

、

课外练习

（将以下短文译成汉语，

< br>注意运用汉语汉语的表达优势使译文

尽量通顺流畅）

：< /p>

If

an

occupation

census

had

been

taken

in

the

eleventh

century

it

would

probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were country inhabitants

who

drew

their

livelihood

from

farming,

herding,

fishing

or

the

forest.

An

air

photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by

unsurfaced

roads

and

separated

by

expanses

of

forest

or

swamp.

There

were

some

towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in

the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown more numerous

and

also

more

widespread,

for

Europeans

had

pushed

their

frontier

outward

by

settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying

food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance.

But

a

photograph

taken

about

1450

would

reveal

that

little

further

expansion

had

taken place during the preceding hundred years.

Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by

two

difficulties.

In

the

first

place,

we

have

to

examine

the

greater

part

of

Europe's

3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place,

the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand

still.

In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were

so

hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and

settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to

market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than

in

farming.

Large

landowners

were

more

likely

than

small

landlords

to

run

their

estates

and

especially

their

domains

more

systematically

--

and

also

to

keep

those

records

from which we

learn most of what

we know about

the subject.

Some areas

had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even

from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been

offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there

was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from

the

twelfth

to

the

fifteenth

century

produced

or

maintained

conditions

which

were

- 21 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it.

(384 words)

Unit 9

I

、课外练习参考译文：

如果在

11

世纪作一项职业调查的话，

也许会发现，

竟有

< br>90

％的人住在农村，

依靠农耕、放牧、捕鱼或采伐谋生 。当时如果拍下一张航摄照片的话，可以看到

未经铺设的道路连接的散落村子，

中间隔着一片片的森林或沼泽。

也有几座城镇，

但人口很少有超过一万的。在

14

世纪中叶再拍一张照片，可以 看到村子的数目

多了，分布也广了，因为欧洲人开辟了新的定居地区，从而拓展了疆域。 道路上

和江海上往来的人多了，

他们把粮食或原料运往城镇。< /p>

城镇的数目多了，

规模大

了，重要性也增 加了。但是，如果在

1450

年前后拍一张照片的话，就会看到 在

此以前的几百年间几乎没有继续发展。

要想描 写这几百年间农村的情形无法做到，困难有二。首先，我们必须观

察的是欧洲

< p>
375

万平方英里的大部分地区，而不仅仅是地中海一带地方。其次，

这一广阔地区的居民无法用我们的标准模式去进行划分，他们也不是一成不变。

1450

< p>
年时可能大多欧洲人住在村落里，但有些地区山陵起伏，缺少沃土，

或者砍 伐过度，

村落难以维持，

只有一些孤独的牧民集居于此。

有些地区通往集

市的交通较其他地区方便，

因 而从事商业性农业多于单一耕作。

大土地主比小地

主更有可能对 其地产，

尤其是其领地，

进行系统化的管理－－而且作了记载，

使

我们得以从中了解有关本课题的大部分情况。有些地区没有实 施过多少封建统

治，

农民很少受到领主的管辖，

甚至很少受到地主的管辖。

有些地区是新定居地，

对租 地户提供宽松的租赁条件来吸引他们开垦荒地。

最后一点是时代因素：

< br>作为

12

到

15

世纪时期特征的发展和繁荣所产生并具有的种种条件，

并不适合在此之

前的动荡岁月，也不适合在此之后的贫乏年代。

II

、英汉翻译原理第四讲：怎样表 达译文？（续）

二、要避免照搬英 汉词典的释义：

（续）

【例

70

】

The team is famous for its arsenal of veteran players.

【译文】

这个球队拥有众多经验丰富的老队员，很有名气。

【例

71

】

These new shoes squeak.

【译文】

这双新鞋走起路来咯吱咯吱响。

三、要充分运用汉语独特的表达优势：

【例

72

】

Whatever you like to eat, just tell me.

【译文】

想吃什么，只要告诉我。

【例

73

】

Even if you go there, there wouldn't be any result.

【译文】

你去了也是白去。

【例

74

】

I

grieve to leave Thornfield:

I

love Thornfield --

I

love it, because

I

have lived in it a full and delightful life -- momentarily at least.

I

have not

been trampled on.

I

have not been petrified.

I

have nor been burned with

inferior

minds,

and

excluded

from

every

glimpse

of

communion

with

- 22 -

英汉翻译的原理和实践

大学英语部

俞惠中

讲授

what is bright and energetic and high.

I

have talked, face to face with what

I

reverence,

with

what

I

delight

in

--

with

an

original,

a

vigorous,

an

expanded mind.

I

have known you, Mr. Rochester; and it strikes me with

terror and anguish to feel

I

absolutely must be torn from you for ever.

I

see

the necessity of departure; and it is like looking on the necessity of death.

【译文】

< /p>

离开桑菲尔德，我黯然神伤：我爱此地－－因为此地曾有过一段

充 实愉悦的日子－－至少曾短时间有过。我没有遭人践踏，没有变得

麻木，没有埋没于小人 堆里，没有脱离过明媚灿烂、生机勃勃、高尚

脱俗的一切，始终与之息息相通。在此曾经 与一位十分崇敬、乐意与

之交谈的人－－一位思想独创、精力充沛、心胸开阔的人－－直 面倾

谈。罗切斯特先生，与你相识了，却又一定要与你永远分离，想到此

处令我既感恐惧又觉痛楚，犹如面对必将来临的死亡。

【例

75

】

Wounded as he was, it

was

wonderful

how fast he could

move, his

grizzled hair tumbling over his face, and his face itself red with his haste

and fury.

【译文】

他虽然受了伤，

动作却快得出奇，< /p>

斑白的头发披散在脸前，

脸也

因气急败坏 而涨得通红。

【例

76

】

As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at

it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him.

There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honour for his valour; and

death for his ambition.

【译文】

因为凯撒爱我，我为他哭泣；因为他幸运，我为他高兴；因为他

英勇，我对他尊崇；但因 为他有野心，我就刺杀了他。用眼泪汇报他

的爱；用欢乐庆祝他的幸运；用尊崇纪念他的 英勇；而用刺杀制止他

的野心。

【例

77

】

A big nation has its problems while a small nation has its advantages.

【译文】

大国有大国的问题，小国有小国的好处。

【例

78

】

Foreign intervention will thus find justification.

【译文】

外国的干涉因此而名正言顺。

【例

79

】

He spoke with firmness, but his face was very sad and his eyes were

dim.

【译文】

他讲话时语气坚定，但面带愁容，眼神暗淡。

【例

80

】

He

was

but

a

man

with

many

grey

hairs,

with

a

heavy

burden

of

responsibility, of thoughts and worries.

【译文】

他已是鬓发斑白，肩负重任，思绪万千，焦虑满怀。

【例

81

】

Gathering

facts,

confirming

then,

suggesting

theories,

testing

them,

and organizing findings -- this is all the work of science.

【译文】

收集资料，论证资料，提出理论，检验理论，并对研究成果进行

归纳 整理－－这就是科学工作的全部内容。

III

、课堂练习（将以下句子译成汉语，并注意运用汉语的表达优势使译文

尽量通顺流畅）

：

1.

He intends to take an action in grand style.

2.

He arrived on Sunday night, tired and dusty.

3.

This

type

of

marriage

is

characterized

by

constant

conflict,

tension,

and

bitterness.

- 23 -