-
八年级上册
Unit 3
一、重点短语
1 . more outgoing
更外向
2.
As
…
as
…
与
…
一样
…<
/p>
3. the singing competition
唱歌比赛
4. be
similar to
与
…
相像的
/
类似的
5. the same as
和
…
相同;
与
…
一致
6. be different
from
与
…
不同
7. care about
关心;
介意
8. be like a mirror
像一面镜子
9. the
most important
最重要的
10. as
long as
只要;既然
11.
bring out
使显现;
使表现出
12. get better grades
取得更好的成绩
13.
reach for
伸手取
Section A Page 17
1.
两个事物进行比较可以用形容词或副词的比较级表达:
(1) A + be+
形容词比较级
+ than +B
(A
比
B
更…
)
Jane is taller than
Kate.
(2) A +
动词
+
副词比较级
+ than +B
(A
比
B
更…
)
Jane runs faster than
Kate.
2.
形容词的比较级的构成。
(1)
比较级一般在形容词后加
_________,
如:
tall
—
talle
r, short
—
shorter,
old
—
older
(2)
以辅音字母
+y
结尾的双音节词,
应该
_______________________,
如:
funny
—
funn
ier,
heavy
—
heavier.
单音节词除外,如
:
shy
—
shyer
(3)
如果只有一个元音字母,并且后有一个辅音字母结尾,应该
_____
______________________,
如:
bi
g
—
bigger,
thin
—
thinner
(4)
多音节词的比较级,应该
_________________
__,
如:
outgoing
—
p>
more outgoing,
beautiful
—
more
beautiful
(5)
不规则词的变化需要死记:
good/well---___________; bad/ill--
____________, many/much---_________; little---
________;
far--_______
3.
(1) both
…
.and
…
.
表“两者都”
,连接两个主语时视为复数
。如:
Both you or I ______
right. ( be )
你和我都是对的
(2) either...or
…表“要么…要么…”<
/p>
,连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵守就近原则。如:
Either you or I ______ right. ( be
)
要么你要么我是对的
4. bo
th
表“两者都”
,
all
表“多者都”
题:
_______ of my parents are
teachers. We are ________ in China.
5.
play the drums
打鼓
(乐器前要加
the
,
drum
p>
要用复数,架子鼓不止一个)
6.
heavy (1)
重的
(2)
胖
的,同义词为
fat
,反义词为
thi
n.
7.
反义疑问句:前面是陈述句,用来表达自己的观点
,后面反问对方以证实自己的观点。基本规律为前肯
后否,前否后肯。后面的附加疑问句
的构成与改一般疑问句的方法相同。如:
①
He
isn
’
t
a
teacher,
___________ ?
②
She can dance, _________ ?
③
He likes English,
__________
?
(1)
反义疑问句的回答根据事实用
Yes
或
No
来回答,但前否后肯的很
容易出错,可改成一般疑问句或前
肯后否再作回答。如
;
He can
’
t
sing, ___________ ? (
如果他能,怎么回答
)-----
_______________
14. in fact
事实上;实际上
15.
make friends
交朋友
16. the
other
其他的
17. touch
one’s
heart
感动某人
18. be talented in music
有音乐天赋
19. be
good at
擅长
…
20. be good with
善于与
…
相处
21. have fun doing sth.
享受做某事的
22. be
good at doing sth
擅长做某事
23. make sb. do sth.
让某人做某事
24. want
to do sth.
想要做某事
25.
as+adj./adv.
的原级
+as
与
…
一样
…
< br>
26.
It’s+
adj.+for sb. to do sth.
对某人
来说,做某事
……
的。
(2) this, that
和表物的不定代词做主
语,用
it
代替;表人的不定代词用
t
hey
来代替。
Something is wrong, __________ ? Everyone likes
English, _____________ ?
(3)
反意疑问句的陈述部分带有
little, few, never, hardly,
seldom
等否定意义的词时,问句部分用
肯定式。如:
p>
There is litter water in the cup ,
__________ ?
(4)
反意疑问句的陈述部分含有
由
un-, im-, in-, dis-,
等否定意义的
前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要
视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。如:
Your father is unhappy,
___________ ?
(5)
反意疑问句的陈述部分为
I
don't think+ that
从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的动词和主语
仍
与
that
从句保持一致且用肯定式
。如:
I don't think that you
can do it, __________?
(不用
do
I?
)
(6)
陈述部分为
Let's
……时,因为此句型用来提建议,所
以问句部分习惯上用
shall
we?
如:
Let's go
home together, shall we?
(7)
陈述部分为
Let
us
……时,问句部分习惯上用
will
you?
形式。如:
Let us
stop to rest, will you?
(8)
陈
述部分为祈使句,问句部分可以用
will you
和
won
’
t
you
。
①
Please open the window,
won
’
t you?
(
肯定祈使句有时也可以用
will
you?
提问
)
②
Don't make any noise, will
you?
(否定祈使句只能用
will you
?
)
1.
形容词和副词
(1)
形容词常译为“
....
的”
。①常放名词前,修饰名词,如:
a good boy
②也可以放系动词后做表语,
用来描述主语是怎么样的。如:
T
he boy is good.
(2)
副词常译为<
/p>
“…地”
。
常
放动词后,
修饰动词,
表
“怎样地做某
事”
,
很多副词以
ly
结尾,
如
do
well
;
run
fast
;
get up
early
;
talk
loudly
;
speak quietly.
2.
以
ly
结尾的副词和形容词,一般前面加
more
构成比较级,但<
/p>
early
和
friendly
例外。如:
loudly
→
more
loudly
,
quietly
→
more
quietly
,
early
→
p>
earlier
,
friendly
→
friendlier
3.
同级比较:表两事物是一样的,形容词和副词用原形。
(1)A +be +as
+
形容词原形
+ as +B ( A
和
B
是一样地…)
Jane is as tall as Kate.
(2)A +
动词
+as
+
副词原形
+ as +B ( A
和
B
做某事一样地…)
Tara works as hard as Tina.
(3)
not as…as = not
so…as
表“不如...”, 常可以与比较级转换。如:
Jane is not as/so tall as Kate. (J
ane
不如
Kate
高。
)
= Kate is taller than Jane.
(Kate
比
Jane
更高
)
3. the singing competition
唱歌比赛
4. fantastic
= great
好极了的
It was
fantastic/ great
5. Which
用来问“哪一个”
,回答常用“
The
+
名词
+
描述性短语”
,如:
________ one was
Lisa ? ---- The one with shorter hair. ( A. Who
B. Which C. What )
6. win ( won
)
赢,后接比赛、名词、奖品做宾语,如:
He won the game. He won the first
place.
7.
不定式可以放
be
动词后做表语,表
“…
.
是去做某事”
,如
The most important thing is to
learn something new.
最重要的事是去学新的东西。
Their dream is _________ a bridge. ( have )
My job was _______ chickens. (feed)
8. learn something new
学习新的东西
(形容词放不定代词后)
9.
have fun = enjoy oneself = have a good time
玩得开心,过得愉快
have
fun doing sth.
在做某事中过得愉快
We
have fun ________ English. ( learn )
二、重点句子
1
.
He has
shorte
r hair than Sam.
他的头发比萨姆的短。
than
比
……
(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后)
< br>
当两个人或者物进行比较时,要用形容词的比较级。
“
比较级
+
tha
n”
表示
“
比
......
更
......”
。一般形容词或副
词的比较级是在词
后加
-er
。但要注意比较的对象。如:
I am taller than Jim.
我比吉姆高。
His hair
is shorter than
Sam’s.
他的头发比萨姆的短。
This
book is more interesting than that
one.
这本书比那本书有趣。
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
大多
数形容词和副词有三个等级:
1
)原级(不作比较)
,修饰词
very,so,too,pretty,really
;
2
)比较级,表示
“
较
……”
或
“
更
……”
的
意思(两者之间进行比较)
,
标志词
than,A
or
B,of
the
two,
修饰词
much,a lot,a
little
;
3
< br>)最高级,表示
“
最
……”
p>
的意思(三者或三者以上作比较)
,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠
词
the
,后面
可带
< br>in
(
of
)短语来什么比较的
范围。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化:
构
成
方
法
原
级
比
较
级
最
高
级
high
higher
highest
单音
一般在词尾加
-er
或
-e
st
short
shorter
shortest
节词
later
latest
以字母<
/p>
e
词尾的词,加
-r
或
late
和部
fine
finest
finest
-st
分双
hotter
hottest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个
hot
音节
bigger
biggest
辅音字母时,先双写辅音字
big
词
thin
thinner
thinnest
母,再加
-er
或
-est
fat
fatter
fattest
funnier
funniest
以
“
辅音字母
+y”
结尾的双音
funny
easier
easiest
节词,先把
“y”
改为
“i”
,再
easy
early
earlier
earliest
加
-er
或
-est
beautiful
more
beautiful
most beautiful
多音节词和
athletic
more athletic
most athletic
部分双音节
在词前加
more
或
most
outgoing
more outgoing
most outgoing
词
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:
原
级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
farther
(更远)
farthest(
最远
)
far
further
(更深远)
furthest
(最深远)
2.
反意疑问句
①肯定陈述句+否定提问
如:
Lily is a student,
isn’t she?
Lily will go to China,
won’t
she
?
②否定陈述句+肯定提问
如:
She
doesn’t come
from China,
does she?
You
haven’t finished
homework,
have you?
③提问部分
用代词而不用名词
如:
Lily
is
a student, isn’t
she?
④陈述句中含有否定意义的词,如
little, few,
never, nothing,
hardly
等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。
如:
He knows
little
English,
does he
?
他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
They
hardly
understood it,
did
they
?
他们几乎不明白,不是吗?
3.
No,I am a little taller than her.
a
little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no
等可以
+
比较级
works as hard as Tina.
塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力
。
“...
(
not
)<
/p>
as +
形容词或副词原级
+ as.
..”
是一种原级比较,
意思为
“..
....
和
......(
不
)
一样
”
。
1
)
...not as +
形容词或副词原级
+
as...
表示双方在某个方面不同。如:
His English is not as good as hers.
他英语不如她的好。
He
doesn’t work as hard as his brother.
他没有他哥哥工作努力。
2
)
as +
形容词或副词原级
+ as
表示双方在某个方面一样。如:
She is as tall as me.
她跟我一样高。
I run as
fast as he does.
我跑得跟他一样快。
1.
比较级的几种特殊用法:
(1)
“比较级
+ and +
比较级”或“more and more
+多音节词”表示“越来越……”
如:①
warmer and warmer
②
more and more beautiful.
(2)
“the
+比较级
+
句子
, the+
比较级
+
句子”,表示“越……,越……”。<
/p>
The more we
get together, the happier w
e’ll be.
我们越多的在一起,我们就越快乐。
(3)
修饰比较级的词有:
a little, much, a
lot, rather, even
等,不能用
very
p>
修饰比较级
He is ______
taller than me. ( A. a few B. a little C. very
D. many )
(4)
两个相同对象进行比较,为了避
免重复,常用
that
来代替前面的单数比较对象,用
those
来代替前
面的复数比较对象。
The weather
in
Beijing is much colder than
that
in Hubei.
(
that=the
weather
)
The
trees
are greener in the country are
much greener than
________
in
the city.
(5)
less
与
more
的转换:
Math is less
interesting than English.
(
趣味性更少些
)
=
English is ________interesting than math.
(6)
在比较级中,
the
other
后接复数名词,表“其它的一些”
;
any other
后接单数名词,表“任何其
它
的一个”
。如:①
I’
m louder than the other
______ in my class. (kid)
②
I
’
m taller than any other
_______ in my class. (student)
(7) the
+
比较级
+of the two.
(the
用来特指“比较…的那一个”
)
He is ______ _______ of the two. (
tall )
2. hard-
working
勤奋的;
work hard
努力地工作;
hard work
辛苦的工作
He
is______________, he has to do some
__________
,
but he
___________.
1. be talented in
在某方面有天赋
She is talented in
music.
2. do the same things as me
跟我做相同的事
3. true
p>
形容词,真实的;
truly
副词,真地,
truth
名词,事实
①
That
’
s_________.
②
He _______ cares about me.
③
Tell me the ________.
4. care about
关心,在乎
Nobody cares about me.
take care of = care for = look after
照顾
I can take care of
myself.
5.
使令动词有:
make,
let,
have
,它们都可以表“使、让某人做某事”
,使令动词后接动词原形,即:
make/
let/
have sb do sth.
如:
①
It makes me ______ .
(laugh)
②
Let me ______
you. (help)
③
He had her
______ there. ( go )
6. laugh at
嘲笑某人
It
’
s not good to laugh at
others.
1. be like
像;
look like
看起来像(强调外表)
The
teacher ____________ my mother to me.
2. be serious about
对…是严肃认真的
I
’
m serious about that.
3. do sth. together
一起做某事
We enjoy studying
together.
4.
句型:
I
t
’
s +
形容词
+
(
for
sb.
)
+ to do sth.
表“
(对于某人来说)去做某事是…的”
。
It
’
s not
easy for me __________friends. ( make)
It
’
s not necessary to be the
same.
【总结】
it
p>
是形式主语,它代替后面的不定式短语。
5. make friends with sb.
和某人交朋友
I want to make
friends with you.
6. as long as
只要
As long as you study
hard, you
’
ll get good
grades.
7.
be the same as
“与…一样”,
be similar to
“与…相似”,be different from
“与…不同”
题:His
eating habits aren’t the same as mine.
= Her eating habits are mine.
8. bring out the best in me
我最好的方面表现出来
9.
be/get good at
擅长,
be better
at
更擅长,
get better at
变得更擅长
I’
m getting better at
tennis. (
我正慢慢变得更擅长网球
)
10. get good grades
取得好成绩,
get better grades
取得更好的成绩
11. shoul
d
表“应该”
,是一个情态动词,所以后接动词原形。
He should ______ hard. (study)
12. in fact
事实上
In fact, she
’
s funnier than
anyone I know.
13. talk with/ to
和某人交谈;
talk about
谈论;
talk with sb. about sth.
和某人谈论有关某事物
14.
share sth. with sb.
和某人分享某物
I want to share my happiness with you.
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