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人教版英语八年级上册第三单元Unit知识点讲练

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2021-02-01 16:57
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2021年2月1日发(作者:aniline)


八年级上册


Unit 3




一、重点短语



1 . more outgoing


更外向



2. As



as






一样


…< /p>



3. the singing competition


唱歌比赛



4. be similar to




相像的


/


类似的



5. the same as




相同;




一致



6. be different from




不同



7. care about


关心;


介意



8. be like a mirror


像一面镜子



9. the most important


最重要的



10. as long as


只要;既然



11. bring out


使显现;


使表现出



12. get better grades


取得更好的成绩



13. reach for


伸手取



Section A Page 17


1.


两个事物进行比较可以用形容词或副词的比较级表达:



(1) A + be+


形容词比较级


+ than +B (A



B


更… )



Jane is taller than Kate.


(2) A +


动词


+


副词比较级


+ than +B (A



B


更… )



Jane runs faster than Kate.


2.


形容词的比较级的构成。



(1)


比较级一般在形容词后加


_________,


如:


tall



talle r, short



shorter, old



older


(2)


以辅音字母


+y


结尾的双音节词,

< p>
应该


_______________________,


如:


funny



funn ier,


heavy



heavier.


单音节词除外,如


: shy



shyer


(3)


如果只有一个元音字母,并且后有一个辅音字母结尾,应该


_____ ______________________,


如:


bi g



bigger, thin



thinner


(4)


多音节词的比较级,应该


_________________ __,


如:


outgoing



more outgoing, beautiful



more


beautiful


(5)


不规则词的变化需要死记:



good/well---___________; bad/ill-- ____________, many/much---_________; little--- ________;


far--_______


3. (1) both



.and



.


表“两者都”


,连接两个主语时视为复数 。如:



Both you or I ______ right. ( be )


你和我都是对的



(2) either...or


…表“要么…要么…”< /p>


,连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵守就近原则。如:



Either you or I ______ right. ( be )


要么你要么我是对的



4. bo th


表“两者都”



all

< p>
表“多者都”




题:


_______ of my parents are teachers. We are ________ in China.


5. play the drums


打鼓



(乐器前要加


the



drum


要用复数,架子鼓不止一个)



6. heavy (1)


重的


(2)


胖 的,同义词为


fat


,反义词为


thi n.


7.


反义疑问句:前面是陈述句,用来表达自己的观点 ,后面反问对方以证实自己的观点。基本规律为前肯


后否,前否后肯。后面的附加疑问句 的构成与改一般疑问句的方法相同。如:




He


isn



t


a


teacher,


___________ ?




She can dance, _________ ?



He likes English, __________





(1)


反义疑问句的回答根据事实用


Yes



No


来回答,但前否后肯的很 容易出错,可改成一般疑问句或前


肯后否再作回答。如


;


He can



t sing, ___________ ? (


如果他能,怎么回答


)----- _______________



14. in fact


事实上;实际上



15. make friends


交朋友



16. the other


其他的



17. touch


one’s


heart


感动某人



18. be talented in music


有音乐天赋



19. be good at


擅长




20. be good with


善于与



相处



21. have fun doing sth.


享受做某事的



22. be good at doing sth


擅长做某事



23. make sb. do sth.


让某人做某事



24. want to do sth.


想要做某事



25. as+adj./adv.


的原级


+as




一样


< br>


26.


It’s+


adj.+for sb. to do sth.


对某人

来说,做某事


……


的。



(2) this, that


和表物的不定代词做主 语,用


it


代替;表人的不定代词用


t hey


来代替。



Something is wrong, __________ ? Everyone likes English, _____________ ?


(3)


反意疑问句的陈述部分带有


little, few, never, hardly, seldom


等否定意义的词时,问句部分用


肯定式。如:


There is litter water in the cup , __________ ?


(4)


反意疑问句的陈述部分含有 由


un-, im-, in-, dis-,


等否定意义的 前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要


视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。如:



Your father is unhappy, ___________ ?


(5)


反意疑问句的陈述部分为


I don't think+ that


从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的动词和主语 仍



that


从句保持一致且用肯定式 。如:



I don't think that you can do it, __________?


(不用


do I?




(6)

陈述部分为


Let's


……时,因为此句型用来提建议,所 以问句部分习惯上用


shall we?


如:


Let's go


home together, shall we?


(7)


陈述部分为


Let us


……时,问句部分习惯上用


will you?


形式。如:



Let us stop to rest, will you?


(8)


陈 述部分为祈使句,问句部分可以用


will you



won



t you





Please open the window, won



t you? (


肯定祈使句有时也可以用


will you?


提问


)



Don't make any noise, will you?


(否定祈使句只能用


will you ?




1.


形容词和副词



(1)

< p>
形容词常译为“


....


的”

。①常放名词前,修饰名词,如:


a good boy


②也可以放系动词后做表语,


用来描述主语是怎么样的。如:


T he boy is good.


(2)


副词常译为< /p>


“…地”




常 放动词后,


修饰动词,



“怎样地做某 事”



很多副词以


ly


结尾,



do


well



run fast



get up early



talk loudly



speak quietly.


2.



ly


结尾的副词和形容词,一般前面加


more


构成比较级,但< /p>


early



friendly


例外。如:



loudly



more loudly



quietly



more quietly



early



earlier



friendly



friendlier


3.


同级比较:表两事物是一样的,形容词和副词用原形。



(1)A +be +as +


形容词原形


+ as +B ( A


B


是一样地…)



Jane is as tall as Kate.


(2)A +


动词


+as +


副词原形


+ as +B ( A



B


做某事一样地…)



Tara works as hard as Tina.


(3)


not as…as = not so…as


表“不如...”, 常可以与比较级转换。如:



Jane is not as/so tall as Kate. (J ane


不如


Kate


高。


)


= Kate is taller than Jane. (Kate



Jane


更高

< p>
)


3. the singing competition


唱歌比赛



4. fantastic = great


好极了的


It was fantastic/ great


5. Which


用来问“哪一个”


,回答常用“


The +


名词


+


描述性短语”


,如:



________ one was Lisa ? ---- The one with shorter hair. ( A. Who B. Which C. What )


6. win ( won )


赢,后接比赛、名词、奖品做宾语,如:



He won the game. He won the first place.


7.


不定式可以放


be


动词后做表语,表 “…


.


是去做某事”


,如



The most important thing is to learn something new.


最重要的事是去学新的东西。



Their dream is _________ a bridge. ( have )


My job was _______ chickens. (feed)


8. learn something new


学习新的东西



(形容词放不定代词后)



9. have fun = enjoy oneself = have a good time


玩得开心,过得愉快



have fun doing sth.


在做某事中过得愉快


We have fun ________ English. ( learn )



二、重点句子



1


.


He has


shorte


r hair than Sam.


他的头发比萨姆的短。





than




……


(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后)

< br>


当两个人或者物进行比较时,要用形容词的比较级。



比较级



+


tha


n”


表示



......



......”


。一般形容词或副


词的比较级是在词 后加


-er


。但要注意比较的对象。如:



I am taller than Jim.


我比吉姆高。



His hair is shorter than


Sam’s.


他的头发比萨姆的短。



This book is more interesting than that one.


这本书比那本书有趣。



形容词和副词的比较级、最高级



大多 数形容词和副词有三个等级:


1


)原级(不作比较)

< p>
,修饰词


very,so,too,pretty,really




2


)比较级,表示




……”





……”


的 意思(两者之间进行比较)


,


标志词


than,A


or


B,of


the


two,


修饰词


much,a lot,a little




3

< br>)最高级,表示




……”


的意思(三者或三者以上作比较)


,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠 词


the


,后面


可带

< br>in



of


)短语来什么比较的 范围。



形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化:










































high


higher


highest


单音



一般在词尾加


-er



-e st


short


shorter



shortest


节词



later


latest


以字母< /p>


e


词尾的词,加


-r


late


和部



fine


finest



finest


-st


分双



hotter


hottest


重读闭音节词词尾只有一个


hot


音节



bigger


biggest


辅音字母时,先双写辅音字


big




thin


thinner


thinnest


母,再加


-er



-est


fat


fatter


fattest


funnier


funniest




辅音字母


+y”


结尾的双音


funny


easier


easiest


节词,先把


“y”


改为


“i”


,再


easy


early


earlier


earliest







-er



-est



beautiful


more beautiful


most beautiful


多音节词和



athletic


more athletic


most athletic


部分双音节


在词前加


more



most


outgoing


more outgoing


most outgoing




形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:
















比较级






最高级





good/well






better





best





bad/badly






worse





worst





many/much






more





most





little






less





least








farther


(更远)






farthest(


最远


)





far





further


(更深远)





furthest


(最深远)






2.



反意疑问句







①肯定陈述句+否定提问



如:


Lily is a student,


isn’t she?
































Lily will go to China,


won’t she


?


②否定陈述句+肯定提问




如:


She


doesn’t come


from China, does she?



You


haven’t finished


homework, have you?




③提问部分 用代词而不用名词


如:


Lily


is a student, isn’t


she?




④陈述句中含有否定意义的词,如


little, few, never, nothing, hardly


等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。



如:


He knows


little


English,


does he


?



他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?











They


hardly


understood it,


did


they


?


他们几乎不明白,不是吗?



3. No,I am a little taller than her.


a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no


等可以


+


比较级



works as hard as Tina.


塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力




“...



not


)< /p>


as +


形容词或副词原级


+ as. ..”


是一种原级比较,


意思为


“.. ....



......(



)


一样





1



...not as +


形容词或副词原级


+ as...


表示双方在某个方面不同。如:



His English is not as good as hers.






他英语不如她的好。



He doesn’t work as hard as his brother.






他没有他哥哥工作努力。



2



as +


形容词或副词原级


+ as


表示双方在某个方面一样。如:



She is as tall as me.



她跟我一样高。



I run as fast as he does.



我跑得跟他一样快。



1.


比较级的几种特殊用法:



(1)


“比较级


+ and +


比较级”或“more and more +多音节词”表示“越来越……”





如:①


warmer and warmer



more and more beautiful.


(2)


“the +比较级


+


句子


, the+


比较级


+


句子”,表示“越……,越……”。< /p>




The more we get together, the happier w


e’ll be. 我们越多的在一起,我们就越快乐。



(3)


修饰比较级的词有:


a little, much, a lot, rather, even


等,不能用


very


修饰比较级



He is ______ taller than me. ( A. a few B. a little C. very D. many )


(4)


两个相同对象进行比较,为了避 免重复,常用


that


来代替前面的单数比较对象,用


those


来代替前


面的复数比较对象。



The weather


in Beijing is much colder than


that


in Hubei.



that=the weather




The trees


are greener in the country are much greener than


________


in the city.


(5) less



more


的转换:



Math is less interesting than English. (


趣味性更少些


)


= English is ________interesting than math.


(6)


在比较级中,


the other


后接复数名词,表“其它的一些”



any other


后接单数名词,表“任何其


它 的一个”


。如:①



I’


m louder than the other ______ in my class. (kid)



I



m taller than any other _______ in my class. (student)


(7) the +


比较级


+of the two. (the


用来特指“比较…的那一个”


)


He is ______ _______ of the two. ( tall )


2. hard- working


勤奋的;


work hard


努力地工作;


hard work


辛苦的工作



He is______________, he has to do some __________



but he ___________.


1. be talented in


在某方面有天赋


She is talented in music.


2. do the same things as me


跟我做相同的事



3. true


形容词,真实的;


truly


副词,真地,


truth


名词,事实





That



s_________.



He _______ cares about me.



Tell me the ________.


4. care about


关心,在乎


Nobody cares about me.


take care of = care for = look after


照顾


I can take care of myself.


5.


使令动词有:


make,


let,


have


,它们都可以表“使、让某人做某事”


,使令动词后接动词原形,即:


make/


let/ have sb do sth.


如:




It makes me ______ . (laugh)



Let me ______ you. (help)



He had her ______ there. ( go )


6. laugh at


嘲笑某人


It



s not good to laugh at others.


1. be like


像;


look like


看起来像(强调外表)



The teacher ____________ my mother to me.


2. be serious about


对…是严肃认真的


I



m serious about that.


3. do sth. together


一起做某事


We enjoy studying together.


4.


句型:


I t



s +


形容词


+



for sb.



+ to do sth.


表“


(对于某人来说)去做某事是…的”



It



s not easy for me __________friends. ( make) It



s not necessary to be the same.



【总结】


it


是形式主语,它代替后面的不定式短语。



5. make friends with sb.


和某人交朋友


I want to make friends with you.


6. as long as


只要


As long as you study hard, you



ll get good grades.


7.


be the same as “与…一样”,


be similar to


“与…相似”,be different from “与…不同”




题:His eating habits aren’t the same as mine.


= Her eating habits are mine.


8. bring out the best in me


我最好的方面表现出来



9. be/get good at


擅长,


be better at


更擅长,


get better at


变得更擅长




I’


m getting better at tennis. (


我正慢慢变得更擅长网球


)


10. get good grades


取得好成绩,


get better grades


取得更好的成绩



11. shoul d


表“应该”


,是一个情态动词,所以后接动词原形。


He should ______ hard. (study)


12. in fact


事实上


In fact, she



s funnier than anyone I know.


13. talk with/ to


和某人交谈;


talk about


谈论;


talk with sb. about sth.


和某人谈论有关某事物



14. share sth. with sb.


和某人分享某物


I want to share my happiness with you.

-


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