-
比较级最高级的用法
在英语中通常用下列方式
表示的词
:
在形容词或副词前加
mor
e(
如
more
natural,more clearly )
或加后缀
-er(newer,sooner
)
。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中,将比较两个
主
体的方法叫做
“
比较句型
”
。其中,像
“A
比
B
p>
更
……”
的表达方式称为比较级;而
“A
最
……”
的表达
方
式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。<
/p>
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1
.一般单音节词和少数以
-er
< br>,
-ow
结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加
-er
,最高级在后面加
-est
< br>;
(
1
)单音节词
如:
small→smaller→smallest
short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest
great→greater→greatest
(
2
)双音节词
如:
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
2<
/p>
.以不发音
e
结尾的单音节词,比较在原
级后加
-r
,最高级在原级后加
-st
;
如:
large→larger→largest
nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3
.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字
母,比较级加
-er
,最高级加
-es
t
;
如:
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
<
/p>
4
.以
“
辅音字
母+
y”
结尾的双音节词,
把
y
改为
i
,比较级加
-er
,最高级加
-est
;
如:
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest
happy→happier→happiest
5
.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加
more
< br>,最高级在前面加
most
;
如:
beautiful→more
beautiful→most beautiful
different→more
different→most different
easily→more easily→most
easily
注意:
(
1
)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词
the
,副词最高级前可不用。
例句:
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the
world.
(
2
)
p>
形容词
most
前面没有
< br>the
,不表示最高级的含义,只表示
< br>非常
。
It is a most
important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6
.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
如:
good→better→best
well→better→best
bad→worse→worst
ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→
oldest/eldes
t
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far
→further/farther→ furthest/farthest
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1
.
“A + be
+
形容词比较级
+ than +
B”
意思为
“A
比
< br>B
更
……”
。
< br>
如:
This tree is taller than
that one.
这棵树比那棵树高。
注意:
①
在
含有连词
than
的比较级中,
前后的
比较对象必须是同一范畴,
即同类事物之间的比较。
②在比较级前面使用
much
,表示程度程度
“
强得多
”
。如:
A
watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③
very,
quite
一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
2
.
“
比较级
+ and +
比较级
”
或
“more and more +
原级
”
表示
“
越来越
……”
如:
It becomes
warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and
cooler.
天气越来越凉爽。
The
wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大。
Our school is
becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
3<
/p>
.在含有
or
的选择疑问句中,如果有两
者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
如:
Who is
taller,Tim or Tom?
谁更高,
Tim
p>
还是
Tom?
4. “the +
比较级
……, t
he+
比较级
”
,表示
“
越
……
越
< br>……”
。
The more
money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多。
The
sooner
,
the
better.
越快越好。
5.
表示倍数的比较级用法:
①
. A is …times the size
/height/length/width of B.
如:
The new
building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。
(
新楼是
旧楼的四倍高
)
②
. A is
…times as
big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如:
Asia is four times as
large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
(
亚洲比欧洲大三倍
)
③
. A is …times larger
/higher/longer/wider than B.
如:
Our school is
twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
6.<
/p>
形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示
“
最
……”
的意思。
p>
句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如:
of the
three, in our class
等等。
如:
He is the
tallest in our class.
他在我们班里是最高的。
7.
否定词语
+
比较级
<
/p>
,
否定词语
+
so… as
结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier
than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8.
比较级与最高级的转换:
Mike is the
most intelligent in his class.
Mike is
more intelligent than any other student in his
class
9.
修饰比较级和最高级的词
1<
/p>
)
可修饰
比较级
的词
①
.a bit, a little, rather,
much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great
deal, any, still, even
等。
②
.
还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
③
.
以上
词
(
除
by
far)
外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(
错
) Tom is the
tallest of his three brothers.
(
对
) Tom is the tallest of
the three brothers.
2)
下列词可修
饰
最高级
:
by far, far,
much, mostly, almost
。
This hat is nearly /
almost the biggest.
注意:
a. very
可修饰最高级
,但位置与
much
不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b.
序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
3
)
.
要避免
重复使用比较级。
(
错
) He is more cleverer than
his brother.
(
对
)
He is more clever than his brother.
(
对
) He is
cleverer than his brother.
4
)
.
要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(
错
) China is
larger that any country in Asia.
(
对
) China is
larger than any other country in Asia.
5
)
.
要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致
的原则。
The
population of Shanghai is larger than that of
Beijing.
It is
easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
6
)
.
p>
要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。
比较:
Which is larger, Canada
or Australia?
Which is the
larger country, Canada or Australia?
She
is taller than her two sisters.
She is the
taller of the two sisters.
三.比较级和最高级的用法
1.<
/p>
两者相比(甲
=
乙)
,用
“as+
原级
+as”
表示
Tom is as tall as
Mike.
2.
两者相比(甲〈
乙)
,用
“not as(so) +
原级
+as”
或
“less than”
表示
I
didn’t do my homework so(as) carefully as
you.
The picture is less
attractive than that one.
3.
两者相比(甲〉乙)
,用
“
比较级
p>
+than”
表示
Our city is more beautiful than any
other city in our country.
注意:
1)
为了避免重复,在从句中常用
one, that,
those
等词来代替前面提过的名词。
The weather here is warmer than that of
Shanghai.
The radios made in our
factory are better than those in your factory.
2)
比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。
比较级
+than+
any other +
单数名词
all the other +
复数名词
anyone else
any of the other +
复数名词
3
)如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词,一般将不定冠词
a/an
放在形容词之后。
Our neighbour
has _____ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the
same big house asD. house the same big as
< br>4
)比较级前一般不用冠词,但若表示
“
两者中较
……
时
”
。比较级前要加定冠词。若比较级后有名词,
常在比较级前加不定冠词,表
示泛指。
E.g.
他是两者中较高的一个
He is the
taller of the two.
她唱得真动听!我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了。
How beautifully she sings! I have never
heard a better voice.
4.
三者或三者以上相比,表示最高级时,用
“the
+
最高级
”
的结构表示,
这种句式一般常有表示比较范
围的介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
That was the least exciting football
game I’ve ever watched.
This
hotel is the most comfortable I’ve ever
stayed.
注意:
当最高级的前
面无限定词
the
或有不定冠词
a/a
n
时,仅表示
“
很
……
,非常
……”
Monday is my busiest day.
星期一是我很忙的一天。
Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful
coastal city.
青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。
四.
比较级的一些其他用法
1
.
倍数表示方法
a)
p>
倍数
+as+
形容词
/
副词原级
+ as
b)
倍数
+
形容词
/
副词比较级
+than
c)
倍数
+ the + n. + of
This rope is three times longer than
that one.
This rope is three times as
long as that one.
This rope is three
times the length of that one.
2
.
用形容
词比较级的否定形式,从反面来表示最高级,通常译为
“
没有比
……
更
……”
No other book has a greater effect on
my life.
没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了。
=This book has the greatest effect on
my life.
考例:
—
Go for a picnic this
weekend, OK?
--_____. I love getting close to
nature.
A.I couldn’t agree
more
B. I’m afraid
not.
C.I believe not
D.I don’t think so.
3
.
more and more
越来越
… …
Our city is getting bigger and bigger.
Our city is getting more and more
beautiful.
4
。
the
more … the more …
越
…
…
就越
… …
The more you study, the more you know.
The busier the old man is, the happier
he feels.
The more intelligent students
are, the more quickly they understand ideas.
5
.
可用下列词来修饰形容词的比较级
much
a lot
slightly
a little
almost
far
a
bit
still
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