医学论文中常用缩写

Commonly occurring abbreviations and symbols

Authors should supply definitions for all abbreviations and symbols except those listed in List

2. Abbreviations of

chemicals are often more usefully defined in terms of function (the pH indicator BCECF) rather

than by giving the full

chemical name. List III includes abbreviations and symbols that commonly appear in the Journal.

a-BuTX/Tx

A

a-bungarotoxin

anterior (brain co-ordinate: A3, etc.)

A

A23187

A7r5

absorbance

a calcium ionophore

smooth muscle cells from embryonic rat aorta

intracellular sodium activity

antibody

avidin

–

biotin complex

anthracene-carboxylic acid

a

Na

1

,

a

i

Na

Ab

ABC

9-AC

ACE potential

average common excitatory potential

ACSF

AChE

AChR

ACTH(1

–

24)

ACT

ADH

AH cell

AHP

AMP-PNP

4-AP

AP III

AP4

APV/AP5

ASW

ATCC

a.u.

a

–

v

β

artificial cerebrospinal fluid

acetylcholinesterase

acetylcholine receptor

a specific peptide fragment of ACTH ( ...the peptide ACTH in titles)

Australian Capital Territory (no stops)

antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) v-Aga IVA v-agatoxin (from funnel web spider)

(after-) afterhyperpolaris(z)ation cell

(after-) afterhyperpolaris(z)ation

adenylyl imidophosphate

4-aminopyridine

antipyrylazo III

2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid

D-aminophosphonovalerate; also DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid

artificial sea water

American Type Culture Collection

arbitrary unit

arteriovenous

buffering capacity

maximal binding

acetoxymethyl ester form of BAPTA

pH-sensitive dye: (2

?

,7

?

-bis(carboxyethyl)-5 -carboxyfluorescein/2

?

,7

?

-bis(carboxyethyl)-6-carboxyflu orescein)

the acetoxymethyl ester form

baby hamster kidney cell line

blood pressure

B

max

BAPTA AM

BCECF

BCECF AM

BHKC

BP

BP

8-Br- cAMP

8-Br-cGMP

BSA

BTPS

α

-BuTX/Tx

British pharmacopoeia

8-bromoadenosine 3

?

,5

?

cyclic monophosphate

8-bromoguanosine 3

?

,5

?

cyclic monophosphate

bovine serum albumin

body temperature and pressure when saturated with water vapour

a-bungarotoxin

capacitance

Ca

–

calmodulin complex

calmodulin

calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

carbonyl cyanide

m-

chlorophenylhydrazone

carbachol (carbamylcholine chloride)

cholecystokinin

2+

C

Ca

–

CaM

CaM

CaMKII

CCCP

CCh

CCK

2+

CCK

8

or CCK-8

cholecystokinin octapeptide

CF

CGRP

CHAPS

ChAT

ChE

CHO

CHO

CICR

CFTR

CNQX

CoA

ConA

COS

CP

CRF

CRH

CSF

CTX

c.v. or CV

D600

DAB

DADLE

DAG

dATP

dB-cAMP

cystic fibrosis

calcitonin gene- related peptide v-CgTX/Tx v-conotoxin (from

Conus geographus)

3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulphonate

choline acetyltransferase

cholinesterase

carbohydrate

Chinese hamster ovary (cell line)

calcium-induced calcium release (also Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release)

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

coenzyme A

concanavalin A

African green monkey kidney cells

(CrP) creatine phosphate

corticotrop(h)in-releasing factor

corticotrop(h)in-releasing hormone

cerebrospinal fluid

charybdotoxin (scorpion venom)

coefficient of variation

methoxyverapamil

diaminobenzidine

D-alanine-D-leucine- enkephalin

1,2-diacylglycerol (see also DG); also 1,2-

sn

-diacylglycerol

deoxyATP

dibutyryl cAMP

D

–

C coupling

depolarization

–

contraction coupling

d.f.

1DI

DI

DIC

dLGN

DMEM

DNFB

DNP

DNQX

L-DOPA

DPhil

Dr

DRG

dTC

DTT

DTX

degrees of freedom

first dorsal interosseus muscle (also FDI)

diabetes insipidus

differential interference contrast (DIC microscope; also called

‘

Nomarski optics

’

)

dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Dulbecco

’

s modified Eagle

’

s medium

2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (Sanger

’

s reagent; same as FDNB)

dinitrophenol

6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

(Oxford and Sussex)

doctor

dorsal root ganglion

d

-tubocurarine (note roman

‘

d

’

in abbreviation)

dithiothreitol

dendrotoxin

E-

E

E

K

E

m

eag

ECACC

E

–

C

ECoG

EDL

EDRF

EJP

ELISA

EOG

EPP

ERG

indicates molecular configuration

equilibrium potential (use

V

for other potentials)

equilibrium potential for potassium

membrane potential (

V

m preferred)

ether-`a-go-go

(

Drosophila

gene)

European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures

coupling excitation

–

contraction coupling

electrocorticogram

extensor digitorum longus

endothelium-derived relaxing factor

excitatory junction potential

enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay

electro- oculogram

endplate potential

eletroretinogram

F

F

340

F

I,CO2

FCR

FDI

FDNB

FENa

FF

FFA

Faraday

’

s constant

fluorescence intensity with 340 nm excitation

inspired CO2 fraction (also

F

I,J)

flexor carpis radialis

first dorsal interosseus (also 1DI)

1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (same as DNFB)

fractional sodium excretion

fast-fatigable (muscle)

free fatty acids

FFT

FITC

FM

FR

FSH

FW

FWHM

fast Fourier transform

fluorescein isothiocyanate

frequency modulation

fatigue-resistant (muscle)

follicle-stimulating hormone

formula weight (sum of atomic weights); occasionally given instead of MW; see Sigma catalogue

full width at half-maximum (standard abbreviation for optical instruments)

acceleration due to gravity

electrical conductance (make consistent within the paper)

g

g

or

G

G

G

GFP

GFR

GH3 cell

GHK

GIP

Glc

GLC

GLUT2/GLUT-2

GMT

G-6-P

thermal conductance

universal constant of gravitation (N m2 kg_2)

green fluorescent protein

glomerular filtration rate

clonal pituitary cell

Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK equation)

gastric inhibitory peptide

glucose (Glu = glutamate)

gas-liquid chromatography

glucose transporter 2

Greenwich mean time

glucose 6-phosphate (only one hyphen in full)

h

H & E

Hct

HDTA

HEK 293

HeLa cells

inactivation parameter (also

h

W; in GHK equation)

H(h)aematoxylin and E(e)osin

haematocrit

1,6-diaminohex ane-

N,N,N

?

,N

?

-tetraacetic acid

human embryonic kidney cell line

cell line taken from Henrietta Lacks alias Helen Lane

human

ether-`a-go-go

related gene/protein

holding potential (

V

h or

V

H)

heart rate

5-HT receptor types

HERG/

HERG

HP

HR

5-HT

1/1A/2/3

I

or

i

current or single-channel current

calcium-activated K+ current:

I

K(Ca) or

I

K,Ca

calcium- release activated calcium current:

I

CRAC

delayed rectifier K+ current:

I

K(V)

slow calcium-activated K+current:

I

AHP

short- circuit current:

I

SC

slow inward current:

I

SI

transient outward current:

I

TO

transient outward K+ current:

I

A

IBMX

I.C.

I.C.V.

IJP

IL-1

IL-2

Inc.

Ins

P

2

Ins

P

4

Ins

P

3/IP3

ISE

fast calcium current:

i

Ca,f

slow calcium current:

i

Ca,s

3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine

intracarotid (small capitals) also intracardiac (small capitals)

intracerebroventricular (small capitals)

inhibitory junction potential

interleukin-1

interleukin-2 (cell growth factor)

incorporated (note stop; cf. Ltd)

inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (bis- not bi-)

inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (tris- not tri-)

ion-selective electrode (see RLIE)

intracellular sodium flux

proximal tubular fluid resorption volume

kainate (allowed in titles as part of AMPA/KA)

(Kraft-Br

ü

he medium)

+

J

Na

J

v

KA

KB medium

KVLQT1/KvLQT1

K

channel protein

L cell

mouse cell line

initial muscle length

optimum muscle length

hydraulic conductivity

median (or half-maximal) lethal dose

lactate dehydrogenase

low-density lipoprotein

light-emitting diode

luteinizing hormone

luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

L

0

L

o

L

p

LD

50

LDH

LDL

LED

LH

LHRH

L-NMMA

L-NNA

LTP

N

G-monomethyl-l-arginine

N

G-nitro-L-arginine

long- term potentiation

M

1

, M

2

(m

1

, m

2

)

muscarinic receptors

M

r

MABP/MAP

relative molecular mass (use symbol or rel. mol. mass; no units; equivalent to molecular wt)

mean arterial blood pressure (no need to change MAP to MABP)

MDCK cell line

Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line

me

Me

MEPC

MEPP

methylene (e.g. a,b-meATP)

methyl (e.g. 2MeSATP = 2-methylthioATP)

miniature endplate current

miniature endplate potential

mEPSP or MEPSP

miniature EPSP

minK

MSH

MVC

M

V

J

MW

N

K

channel protein

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

maximum voluntary contraction

myocardial O2 consumption (minute volume; clinical usage)

molecular weight (NB no units)

normal (small capitals)

+

N

G

,

N

v

Na

i

, Na

o

NA

n.a.

NANC

n.d.

NEM

NG108-15

+

+

G = guanidino (modern, common form); v= the last (older more precise form); either acceptable

intra- or extracellular Na+

noradrenaline

not applicable

non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic

not determined

N

-ethylmaleimide

mouse neuroblastoma

–

rat glioma cell line

Hill coefficient (subscript optional)

n

H

,

N

H

NMDG

OD

ORF

P

N

-methyl-D-glucamine

optical density

open reading frame (molecular biology)

posterior (brain co-ordinate)

pressure

P

P

P

0

P

o

or

P

open

P

a,CO2

P

A,CO2

P

ET,O2

P

tp

P

1

, P

2

P

i

PAS

PCr

PCV

PD

pD

2

PDBu

PDE

PEEP

PhD

PHS

PG

permeability

maximal isometric tension (subscript zero)

open probability (subscripts

‘

oh

’

or open)

arterial partial pressure of CO2

alveolar partial pressure of CO2

end-tidal partial pressure of O2

transpulmonary pressure

purinergic receptors

inorganic phosphate

periodic acid

–

Schiff reagent

phosphocreatine

packed cell volume (haematocrit)

potential difference

_log EC50

4-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate

phosphodiesterase

positive end- expiratory pressure

no stops

Public Health Service (of USA)

prostaglandin