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形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳

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2021-02-01 16:44
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2021年2月1日发(作者:舵角指示器)


形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳








大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级


和最 高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。



< br>原级即形容词的原形,


比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两


种。






规则变化




◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加


-er , -est



原级



tall



smart



short



比较级



taller



smarter



shorter



最高级



tallest



smartest



shortest



特别提醒:



-y,-er,


-ow,


le


结尾的双音节形容词末 尾加


er



est



如:


healthy,


funny,


busy,


hungry,


easy,


happy,


early,


pretty,


lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow


等。







◇以不 发音的


e


结尾只加


-r



-st


原级



nice



fine



large



比较级



nicer



finer



larger




最高级



nicest



finest



largest



◇“以辅音字母+y ”结尾的词改


y



i

< br>,再加


-er, -est



原级



easy



pretty



happy



funny



busy




比较级



easier



prettier



happier



funnier



busier



最高级



easiest



prettiest



happiest



funniest



busiest







◇以一 个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词)


,双


写结尾的辅音字母,再加


-er



-e st


原级



slim



thin



hot



big






特别提醒:


new,


few,


slow,


clean< /p>


等词含有字母组合,且发的是


长元音,不用双写。




◇大部分双音节词和多音节的词


(


即音标中含有三个或三个以上


元音音素的词< /p>


)


,要在前面加


more



most



原级



beautiful



important



interesting



expensive



popular



比较级



more beautiful



more important



more interesting



more expensive



more popular



最高级



most beautiful



most important



most interesting



most expensive



most popular



比较级



slimmer



thinner



hotter



bigger



最高级



slimmest



thinnest



hottest



biggest



< br>特别提醒:以形容前缀


un


构成的三音节形容词不适合上 述情况,




unhappy---- unhappier----unhappiest,



untidy----untidier----untidiest



◇以形容词


+ly

< br>构成的副词要在前面加


more



most



原级



slowly



quickly



angrily



softly



noisily



比较级



more slowly



more quickly



more angrily



more softly



more noisily



最高级



most slowly



most quickly



most angrily



most softly



most noisily



特别提醒:


early ----earlier---- earliest



◇由


ING


分词和


ED


分词演变过来的形容词


(


包括不规则动词如


know→known)只 能加


more



most


来表示它们的比较级和最高级。





原级




interesting



excited



tired



boring



more excited



more tired



more boring



most exciting



most tired



most boring



比较级




more interesting



最高级




most interesting




不规则变化





原级



good/well



bad/badly/ill



many/much



little



far



old




比较级



better



worse



more



less



farther/further



older/elder



最高级



best



worst



most



least



farthest/furthest



oldest/eldest



特别提醒:



< /p>


◇further


不仅可以指“距离更远”,

还可指“程度更深”。




记住以下三个词组:


further study(


进修


)



further


education(


续教育


)



further


(


进一步的信息


)< /p>




◇elder


仅用于同辈之间的排行,如


: elder sister(


姐姐


)



information



elder brother (


哥哥


)




◇less


作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词 表示


“更少”要用


fewer





以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容,仅供拓展之用。




◇少数单音节词前面加


more,


most


构成比较级和最高级,这类形


容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。



afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid



tired ---- more tired , most tired



fond ----- more fond , most fond



glad ----- more glad , most glad



bored ---- more bored , most bored



pleased---- more pleased , most pleased




◇下列形容词和副 词的比较级和最高级有两种形式,即:既可加


-er/-est


也可加


more/most




cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever




◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高



(即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级


和最高级)



empty,


wrong,


perfect,


unique,


extreme,


excellent,


favourite,


true, right, correct, extremely ...






形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项










◇比较应在同


类事物之间进行。



误:


Your English is better than me.



正:


Your English is better than mine.




◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词 是:


a little, much, even




以下单词也可用来修饰:


any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather




My sister is a little taller than me.



Their house is much larger than ours.



另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。



I



m three years older than he.



特别提醒:


very, quite, too


不可修饰比较级。




◇避免重复使用比较级。



误:


He is more kinder to small animals than I.



正:


He is much kinder to small animals than I.



误:


He is more cleverer than his brother.



正:


He is cleverer than his brother.




◇比较要符合逻辑,


在同一范围内比 较时,


避免将主语含在比较对


象中,这时需使用


other


来排除自身。



误:


China is larger that any country in Asia.



正:


China is larger than any other country in Asia.



误:


John studies harder than any student in his class.



正:


John studies harder than any other student in his class.



正:


John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.



正:


John studies harder than anyone else in his class.




◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则,注意前后呼应。



The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.



It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.


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