-
形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳
p>
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级
和最
高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。
< br>原级即形容词的原形,
比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两
种。
规则变化
◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加
-er ,
-est
原级
tall
smart
short
比较级
taller
smarter
shorter
最高级
tallest
smartest
shortest
特别提醒:
以
-y,-er,
-ow,
le
结尾的双音节形容词末
尾加
er
和
est
。
如:
healthy,
funny,
busy,
hungry,
easy,
happy,
early,
pretty,
lazy, heavy, dirty,
clever, narrow
等。
◇以不
发音的
e
结尾只加
-r
,
-st
原级
nice
fine
large
比较级
nicer
finer
larger
最高级
nicest
finest
largest
◇“以辅音字母+y
”结尾的词改
y
为
i
< br>,再加
-er, -est
原级
easy
pretty
happy
funny
busy
比较级
easier
prettier
happier
funnier
busier
最高级
easiest
prettiest
happiest
funniest
busiest
◇以一
个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词)
,双
写结尾的辅音字母,再加
-er
,
-e
st
原级
slim
thin
hot
big
特别提醒:
new,
few,
slow,
clean<
/p>
等词含有字母组合,且发的是
长元音,不用双写。
◇大部分双音节词和多音节的词
(
即音标中含有三个或三个以上
元音音素的词<
/p>
)
,要在前面加
more
,
most
原级
beautiful
important
interesting
expensive
popular
比较级
more
beautiful
more
important
more
interesting
more
expensive
more
popular
最高级
most beautiful
most important
most interesting
most expensive
most popular
比较级
slimmer
thinner
hotter
bigger
最高级
slimmest
thinnest
hottest
biggest
< br>特别提醒:以形容前缀
un
构成的三音节形容词不适合上
述情况,
如
unhappy----
unhappier----unhappiest,
untidy----untidier----untidiest
◇以形容词
+ly
< br>构成的副词要在前面加
more
,
most
原级
slowly
quickly
angrily
softly
noisily
比较级
more
slowly
more
quickly
more
angrily
more
softly
more
noisily
最高级
most slowly
most
quickly
most
angrily
most
softly
most
noisily
特别提醒:
early ----earlier----
earliest
◇由
ING
p>
分词和
ED
分词演变过来的形容词
(
包括不规则动词如
know→known)只
能加
more
或
most
来表示它们的比较级和最高级。
原级
interesting
excited
tired
boring
more
excited
more tired
more boring
most exciting
most tired
most
boring
比较级
more interesting
最高级
most interesting
不规则变化
原级
good/well
bad/badly/ill
many/much
little
far
old
比较级
better
worse
more
less
farther/further
older/elder
最高级
best
worst
most
least
farthest/furthest
oldest/eldest
特别提醒:
<
/p>
◇further
不仅可以指“距离更远”,
还可指“程度更深”。
记住以下三个词组:
further
study(
进修
)
further
education(
继
续教育
)
further
(
进一步的信息
)<
/p>
◇elder
仅用于同辈之间的排行,如
: elder
sister(
姐姐
)
information
elder brother
(
哥哥
)
◇less
作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词
表示
“更少”要用
fewer
。
以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容,仅供拓展之用。
◇少数单音节词前面加
more,
most
构成比较级和最高级,这类形
容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。
afraid ---- more afraid, most
afraid
tired ---- more tired
, most tired
fond ----- more
fond , most fond
glad -----
more glad , most glad
bored
---- more bored , most bored
pleased---- more pleased , most
pleased
◇下列形容词和副
词的比较级和最高级有两种形式,即:既可加
-er/-est
也可加
more/most
cruel, strict, often,
friendly, clever
◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高
(即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级
和最高级)
empty,
wrong,
perfect,
unique,
extreme,
excellent,
favourite,
true, right,
correct, extremely ...
形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项
◇比较应在同
类事物之间进行。
误:
Your English is better
than me.
正:
Your
English is better than mine.
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词
是:
a little, much,
even
。
以下单词也可用来修饰:
any, far, still,
a lot, yet, rather
。
My sister is a little taller than
me.
Their house is much
larger than ours.
另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。
I
’
m three years
older than he.
特别提醒:
very, quite,
too
不可修饰比较级。
◇避免重复使用比较级。
误:
He is more kinder to small
animals than I.
正:
He is much kinder to small
animals than I.
误:
He is more cleverer than
his brother.
正:
He
is cleverer than his brother.
◇比较要符合逻辑,
在同一范围内比
较时,
避免将主语含在比较对
象中,这时需使用
other
来排除自身。
误:
China is larger that any
country in Asia.
正:
China is larger than any
other country in Asia.
误:
John studies harder than
any student in his class.
正:
John studies harder than
any other student in his class.
正:
John studies harder than
any of the other students in his class.
正:
John studies harder than
anyone else in his class.
◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则,注意前后呼应。
The population of Shanghai is larger
than that of Beijing.
It is
easier to make a plan than to carry it
out.