-
形容词、副词的基本用法
1
形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词，说
明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容
词和叙述形容词两类，其位置
不一定都放在名词前面。
1)
直接
说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用
程度副词修饰，在
句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：
hot
热的。
2)
叙述形容词只能作表语，
所以又称为表语形容词。
这类形容词
没有级的变化，
也不可用程度副词修饰。
大多数以
a
开头的形容词都属于这一类。
例如：
afraid
害怕
的。
（错）
He is an ill
man.
（对）
The man is
ill.
（错）
She is an
afraid girl.
（对）
The girl is
afraid.
这类词还有：
well
，
unwell
，
ill
，
faint
，
afraid
，
alike
，
aliv
e
，
alone
，
asleep
，
awake
等。
3
）<
/p>
形容词作定语修饰名词时，
要放在名词的前边。
< br>但是如果形容词修饰以
-thing
为字尾的词语时，要
放在这些词之后，例如：
something nice
2
以
-ly
结尾的形容词
1
）
大部分
形容词加
-ly
可构成副词。但
fr
iendly
，
deadly
，
lovely
，
lonely
，
likely
，
livel
y
，
ugly
，
brotherly
，仍为形容词。
改错：
(
错）
She sang lovely.
（错）
He spoke to me very friendly.
（对）
Her singing was lovely.
（对）
He spoke to me in a very
friendly way.
2
）有些以
-ly
结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily
，
weekly
，
monthly
，
yearly
，
early
The Times is a
daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
3
用形容词表示类别和整体
1
）
某些形
容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：
the
dead
，
the
living
，
the
rich
，
the
poor
，
the
blind
，
the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
2
）
有关国
家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，
与动词的复数连用。
< br>
the
British
，
the
English
，
the
French
，
the Chinese.
The English
have wonderful sense of humor.
4
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
1
限定词
--
数词
--
描绘词
< br>--(
大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色
)
--
出处
--
材料性质，类
别
--
名词
a small round
table
a tall
gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive
Japanese sports car
典型例题
:
1
）
Tony is going
camping with ___ boys.
A.
little two other
B. two little other
C.
two other little
D.
little other two
答案：
C
。由
限定词
-
-
数词
--
描绘词
--(
大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色
) --
性质
--
名词
的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有
C
符合答案。
2)
One day
they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A.
old
Chinese
stone
B.
Chinese
old
stone
C.
old
stone
Chinese
D.
Chinese stone
old
答案
A.
几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小
+
颜色
+
来源
+
质地
+
用途
+
国家
+
名词。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to
Qingdao?
---- It was great.
We visited some friends
，
and
spent the ___days at the
seaside.
A.
few
last
sunny
B.
last
few
sunny
C.
last
sunny
few
D.
few
sunny
last
答案：
B
。
本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。
一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠
近名词；如果几个形容词的重
要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，
在不能确定时，可参照下表：
限定词
+
数量词
（序数词在前，基数词在后）
+
性状形容词
+
大小、长短、高低等形
体
+
those + three + beautiful + large +
square
新旧
+
颜色
+
国籍
+
材料
+
名词
old + brown + wood + table
5
副词及其基本用法
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、副词的位置：
1
）
在动词之前。
2
）
在
be
动词、助动词之后。
3
）
多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a.
大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We
could see very clearly a strange light ahead of
us.
2
b.
方式副词
well
，
bad
ly
糟、坏，
hard
等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副词的排列顺序：
1
）
时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2
）
方式副
词，短的在前，长的在后，并用
and
或
but
等连词连接。
Please write
slowly and carefully.
3
）
多个不
同副词排列：程度
+
地点
+
方式
+
时间副词。
注意：副词
very
可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：
(
错
)
I very like English.
(
对
)
I like
English very much.
注意：副词
enou
gh
要放在形容词的后面，形容词
enough
放在名词前后都可。
I don't know
him well enough.
There is
enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
6
兼有两种形式的副词
1) close
与
closely
close
意思是
近
；
closely
意思是
仔细地
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2)
late
与
lately
late
意思是
晚
；
lately
意思是
最近
You have come too late.
What have you
been doing lately?
3)
deep
与
deeply
deep
意思是
深
，
表示空间深度；
deeply
时常表示感情上的深度，
深深地
He pushed the
stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply
moved by the film.
4)
high
与
highly
high
表示空间高度；
highly
表示程度，相当于
much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly
of your opinion.
5)
wide
与
widely
wide
表示空间宽度；
widely
意思是
广泛地
，
在许多地方
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6)
free
与
freely
free
的意思是
免费
；
freely
的意思是
无限制地
You can eat free in my
restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak
freely; say what you like.
3
7
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词
（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级
和最高级，用来表示事
物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则
变化和不规则变化两种。<
/p>
1)
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾
-er
，
-est
来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词
tall(
高的
)
taller
tallest
未尾加
-er,-est
great(
巨大的
)
greater
greatest
以不发音的
e
结尾
nice(
好的
)
nicer
nicest
的单音词和少数
large(
大的
)
larger
largest
以
-
le
结尾的双
able
（有能力的
)
abler
ablest
音节词只加
-r,-st
以一个辅音字母
big(
大的
)
bigger
biggest
结尾的闭音节单
hot
热的
)
hotter
hottest
音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，
再加
-er
，
-est
<
/p>
以辅音字母
+y
easy(
容易的
)
easier
easiest
结
尾的双音节词，
busy(
忙的
)
busier
busiest
改
y
为
i
，再加
-er
，
-est
少数以
-er
，
-ow
clever(
聪明的
)
cleverer
cleverest
结尾的双音节词
narrow(
窄的
)
narrower narrowest
未尾加
-er
，
-est
其他双音节词和
important
more important most important
多音节词，在前
easily
more easily
most easily
面加
more
，
most
来构成比较级和
最高级。
-------------------
2)
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good(
好的
)/
b
etter
best
well(
健康的
)
bad (
坏的
)/
worse
worst
ill(
有病的
)
old
(
老的
)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many(
多的
)
more
most
little(
少的
)
less
least
far
(
远的
)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
4
8
as +
形容词或副词原级
+ as
1
）在否定句或疑问句中可用
so…
as。
He cannot run so/as fast as
you.
2
）当
as… as
中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as
+
形容词
+ a
+
单数名词
as + many/much
+
名词
This is as good an example
as the other is.
I can carry as much paper
as you can..
3
）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副
词做修饰语时，放在
as
的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4)
倍数
+ as + adj. + as
<=>
倍数
+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as
that one.
This bridge is three times the length
of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of
mine.
9
比较级形容词或副词
+ than
You are taller than I.
They
lights in your room are as bright as those in
mine.
注意：
1
）要避免重复使用比较级。
(
错
) He is more cleverer than
his brother.
(
对
) He is more clever than
his brother.
(
对
) He is clever than his
brother.
2
）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(
错
) China is larger that any
country in Asia.
(
对
) China is
larger than any other countries in Asia.
3
）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of
Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to
carry it out.
4
）要注意冠词的使用，后有名
词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：
Which is large, Canada or
Australia?
Which is the
larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two
sisters.
10
可修饰比较级的词
1
）
a bit, a
little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot,
lots, a great
5
deal, any, still, even
等
2
）还可
以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3
< br>）以上词
(
除
by
far)
外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题
:
1
）
---- Are you feeling ____?
----
Yes
，
I'm fine now.
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：
B. any
可修饰比较级，
quite
修饰原级，
well
的比较级为
better.
2
）
The experiment
was____ easier than we had expected.
A.
more
B.
much more
C.
much
D.
more much
答案：
C. <
/p>
much
可修饰比较级，因此
B
，
C
都说得通，但
ea
sier
本身已是比较级，不
需
mor
e
，因此
C
为正确答案。
3
）
If there
were no examinations, we should have ___ at
school.
A. the happiest
time
B. a more
happier time
C. much
happiest time
D.
a much
happier time
答案：
D
。
11 many,old
和
far
1)
如果后接名词时，
much
more +
不可数名词
many more
+
可数名词复数
2)
old
有两种比较级和最高级形式
:
older/oldest
和
elder/eldest
。
elder
，
eldest
只
用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the
three sisters.
3) far
有两种比较级
，
farther
，
further.
在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，
father
表示距离，
further
表示进一步。<
/p>
I have nothing further to
say.
12 the +
最高级
+
比较范围
1)
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the
world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词
the
，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词
most
前面没有
the
，不表示最高级的含义，只表示
非常
。
It is a most important
problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意：
使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(
错
)
Tom is the
tallest of his three brothers.
(
对
)
Tom is the
tallest of the three brothers.
2)
下列词可修饰最高级，
by far, far, much,
mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost
the biggest.
注意：
a.
very
< br>可修饰最高级，但位置与
much
不同。
6
This is the very best.
This is much
the best.
b.
序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
3)
句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his
class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other
students in his class.
4)
<
/p>
否定词语
+
比较级
，
否定词语
+ s
o… as
Nothing is so
easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
—
How did you feel last
night?
---Neve slept
better.
13
和
more
有关的词组
1) the more… the more…
越……就越……
The harder you
work
，
the greater progress
you'll make.
2) more B than A
与其说
A
不如说
B
less A than B
He
is
more
lazy
than
slow at
his work.=
He is
less slow
than
lazy
at
his
work.
3) no more… than…
与……一样……，不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
no less…
than…
与……一样……
He is no less
diligent than you.
4) more than
不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us
all.
典型例题
1
）
The weather in
China is different from____.
A. in America
B. one in
America
C. America
D. that in America
答案：
D.
本题意为
中国的天气比美国热。
比较的
是天气而不是国家，
C
不能选。
A
没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。
B
和
D
中，
B
中的
one
常用来代替可数名词，
而
that
可车以代替
不可数或抽象名词，所以选
D
。
2
）
After
the
new
technique
was
introduced
，
the
factory
produced
___
tractors
in
1988 as
the
year before.
A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many
as
答案
C.
此句意为
这个厂
1988
能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍
。
表示倍数用
倍数
+
as +
形容词原形
+ as +
比较对象
的句型。所以此句答案为
C
。
7
This ruler is
three times as long as that one.
01----04
题组年高考
1
．
It is generally
believed that teaching is____ it is a science.
A. an art much as
B.
much an art as
C. as an
art as
D.
as
much an art as
recent
years
travel
companies
have
succeeded
in
selling
us
the
idea
that
the
further we go,____.
A. our
holiday will be better
B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be
D.
the better will out holiday
be
that case, there is nothing you can
do____ than wait.
A. more
B. other
C. better
D. any
has
brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the
class has____ IQ.
A. a high
B. a higher
C. the higher
D. the highest
the
people___ at the party were his supporters.
A. present
B. thankful
C. interested
D.
important
was raining
heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood
____to her mother.
A. close
B. closely
C. closed
D. closing
7.---I
’
m very____
with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells
delicious.
---Mm, it does have a
____smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B.
pleased; pleased
C. pleasant;
pleasant D.
pleased; pleasant
middle-aged passengers fell into the
sea.____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact
B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D.
Naturally
ans eat_____
vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as
D. more than twice as many
far
as
I
am
concerned,
education
is
about
learning
and
the
more
you
learn,_____.
A. the more for life are you equipped
B. the more equipped for
life
you are
C. the more
life you are equipped for
D.
you
are
equipped
the
more
for
life
11.---I
was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a
car cut in and knocked
me down.
---You can never be____ careful in
the street.
8
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