2019届高考英语二轮题海特训营3阅读理解细节理解三 6 8

阅读理解

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细节理解 三

1

、

As

the

Earth

warms

from

the

increase

of

carbon

dioxide

in

its

atmosphere,

the oceans that cover 70 percent of its surface are warming too. This warming will

likely benefit some sea species at the expense of others.

A study in the May 20 issue of the journal Nature confirmed that there has

been

a

warming

trend

in

the

world’s

oceans

since

1993,

as

the

waters

have

absorbed

much of the extra energy in the planet’s atmosphere.

The warming that has already occurred, and is expected to continue in the

coming decades, will likely spell bad news for many ocean species, such as corals

and

species

that

live

in

the

cold

waters

of

the

planet’s

poles.

But

some

creatures

beneath the ocean surface might actually have an advantage in the newly wanned

waters.

A

2008

study,

for

example,

said

that

a

warming

of

just

a

few

degrees

Fahrenheit

in

Antarctic

waters

could

make

them

suitable

to

sharks,which

haven’t

lived

in

the

area

for

about

40

million

years.

It’s

easier

for

sharks

to

keep

their

high

metabo

lism

in warmer waters. If sharks do move into the area,they could cause damage to the

existing ecosystems of the oceans around Antarctica.

A

study

of

starfish

found

these

typical

ocean

creatures

grew

faster

in

water

at

warmer

temperatures

and

higher

carbon

dioxide

levels

(

another

result

of

all

the

extra

greenhouse

gas

in

the

atmosphere)

than

at

normal

conditions

—

which

is

bad

news

for the shellfishes they live on.

Work by Jeremy Jackson, a professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography

at the University of California at San Diego, suggests that ocean warming

—

along

with other threats such as overfishing and habitat destruction

—

could change once

complex ocean ecosystems into ones that favor simpler species, such as microbes,

toxic algal blooms and jellyfishes.

is Paragraph 3 developed?

giving examples.

analyzing causes.

making comparisons.

making classifications.

can we know about sharks from the fourth paragraph?

are native to Antarctic waters.

do harm to the whole ecosystem.

’re adaptable to warmer water conditions.

threaten simpler species in Antarctic waters.

will ocean warming likely bring about?

ing the growth of starfish.

ecosystem of smaller creatures.

ent food sources for sea creatures.

ng living places of deep-sea species.

is the purpose of the passage?

explain why ocean warming benefit some species.

introduce how creatures survive in warmer oceans.

clarify some misunderstandings about ocean warming.

show which creatures will benefit from warmer oceans.

2

、

Steven

Weinberger

is

the

director

of

linguistics

in

the

English

Department

at

George

Mason

University

in

Fairfax,

Virginia.

He

says

students

in

his

beginning

phonetics

class

are

mostly

interested

in

teaching

English

as

a

second

language.

They

wanted to study how non-native speakers pronounce different sounds.

we

sent

the

students

out

to

record

non-native

speakers,

and

we

compared

those speakers to each other and to native speakers of English,” said Steven

Weinberger.

Professor

Weinberger

wrote

a

paragraph

for

all

of

the

speakers

to

read.

The

paragraph uses common words but

contains

almost

all of the sounds

used

in English.

Here is that sixty-nine-word paragraph:

“Please

call

Stella.

Ask

her

to

bring

these

things

with

her

from

the

store:

Six spoons of fresh snow peas, five thick slabs of blue cheese, and maybe a snack

for her brother Bob. We also need a small plastic snake and a big toy frog for the

kids.

She

can

scoop

these

things

into

three

red

bags,

and

we

will

go

meet

her

Wednesday

at

the train station.”

In 1999, Professor Weinberger put the recordings online. The Speech Accent

Archive is for anyone who wants to compare and analyze the accents of different

English speakers.

Some people think the archive would be better if it included natural

speech-people

talking

freely,

not

just

reading

the

same

words.

Professor

Weinberger

recognizes the strengths and weaknesses of his site.

Professor Weinberger says the site gets a million visits a month and would

like more people to send in theirown samples of the sixty-nine-word paragraph.

Steven Weinberger said, ‘‘Right now we only have samples from about 350

languages,

including

English.

You

know,

there

are

6,

000

languages

in

the

world

today,

so we need lots more. That’s why the ar

chive work will never be finished.

did Professor Weinberger let his students record non-native speakers?

of his students are interested in phonetics.

pronunciation from non- native speakers sounds strange.

were gathering materials for the Speech Accent Archive.

wanted to know how non-native speakers pronounce different sounds.

Speech Accent Archive is intended for

______.

the students in Weinberger’s beginning phonetics class

r wants to study the accents of different English speakers

teachers

of

linguistics

in

the

English

Department

at

George

Mason

University

g money by the rate of clicking the website

reason why Professor Weinberger chose the words in Para.4 for all of the

speakers to read is that

_______.

words in this paragraph are very easy to read

are familiar with the activities included in this paragraph

of the speakers are interested in the information shown in this paragraph

words are common and almost all of the sounds used in English are contained

which part of a website may the passage appear?

ainment.

isement.

.

ion.

3

、

Grandparents Answer a Call

As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never

pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio

to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly

discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three

generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than

they would have had in separate cities.

No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving

closer

to

the

children

and

grandchildren.

Yet

there

is

evidence

suggesting

that

the

trend

is

growing.

Even

President

Obama’s

mother

-in-law,

Marian

Robinson,

has

agreed

to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.

According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the

people said Mrs. Robinson

‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two

-thirds

believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.

“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home

far

enough

fast

enough

to

p

rove

we

could

do

it

on

our

own,”

says

Christine

Crosby,

publisher

of

grate

magazine

for

grandparents

.“We

now

realize

how

important

family

is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”

Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his

or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser

to

say

no

and

visit

frequently

instead.

Having

your

grandchildren

far

away

is

hard,

especially

knowing your

adult child

is struggling, but giving up the life you know

may be harder.

was Garza’s move a success?

strengthened her family ties.

improved her living conditions.

enabled her make more friends.

helped her know more new places.

was the reaction of

the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?

A.17% expressed their support for it.

people responded sympathetically.

C.83% believed it had a bad influence.

majority thought it was a trend.

did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

were unsure of raise more children.

were eager to raise more children.

wanted to live away from their parents.

bad little respect for their grandparent.

does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

decisions in the best interests' of their own

their children to pay more visits to them

ice for their struggling children

to know themselves better

4

、

Spending money on time- saving services reduces stress and boosts (

增进

)

happiness, according to a new research, but shockingly, few of us do it.

Whillans,

a professor at HBS said,

“Buying time helps

to protect

us from

the

stress in our lives caused

by time pressure, and the feeling that we don’ t have

enough minutes in the day to complete our tasks.’’

The

effect

was

clearest

in

the

Canadian

experiment,

in

which

60

working

adults

were

given

$$40

to

spend

in

two

different

ways.

One

weekend,

they

were

told

to

spend

the

money

on

a

material

purchase

—

a

gift

for

themselves.

The

next

weekend,

they

were

instructed to spend the $$40 on anything that saved them time, from paying the

neighbor’s kid to run errands (跑腿

) to taking a Uber instead of a bus.

“On the day

they made the time-saving purchase, they felt happier, in a

better

mood,

and

lower

feelings

of

time

stress

than

on

the

day

they

bought

a

material

purchase” said Whillans.

The

biggest

surprise

to

the

researchers

was

how

few

people

would

spend

money

on time-saving services. When they asked 98 working adults how they would spend a

“windfall” of $$40, only two percent named a purchase that would save them time.

“One reason,’’ said Whillans, “is that we’re very bad at remembering

how much we hate doing certain tasks once the suffering has passed. That makes us

less

likely

to

take

active

steps

to

avoid

that

over

burdened

feeling

in

the

future.”

But

another

possible

cause

is

good

old-

fashioned

guilt.

“If

you

feel

guilty

about

getting

someone

to

clean

your

house

for

you,

then

you

might

get

less

happiness

from

outsourcing that task,” said Whillans, or you might just be less likely to spend

your money in that way. ’’

the Canadian experiment, the participants__________.

divided into two groups

given $$ 40 every two weeks

asked to give money to a neighbor’s kid

asked to spend the money in different ways

ing to the author, what can make people less time-stressed?

much for a concert ticket.

a regular bus to get to work.

ing someone to clean the garden.

themselves an expensive present.

it comes to spending money on ‘‘buying time”, _________.

people would like to do it

B.a small percentage of people choose to do it

people will do it if extra money is given

people like the idea but don’t practice it in life