2019届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习(10)阅读理解细节理解(二)

阅读理解：细节理解（二）

A

Taking

a

shower

is

relaxing.

You

can

hum

a

song,

daydream

or

think

about

nothing,

leaving

the

real

world

behind

you.

But

did

you

know

that

showering

can

also

benefit

your mind?

A

research

by

Scott

Barry

Kaufman,

a

psychologist

from

Yale

University

in the

U

．

S. interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly

two?thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower

and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.

So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it.

Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone (

荷尔蒙

) closely

related to our creativity. “People vary in terms of their level of creativity

according

to

the

activity

of

dopamine

，

” explai

ned

Alice

Flaherty,

a

famous

American

neuroscientist.

“Taking

a

warm

shower

can

make

us

feel

relaxed

and

therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring ‘Aha！’ moment to us.”

Besides

the

chemical

changes,

showering

may

give

you

a

break

from

what

you

feel

you have been stuck with. Especially when you have thought hard all day about a

problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you

can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American

psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of

Your

Creative

Brain,

“A showering hour

may turn into an ‘incubation (孵化) period’ for your ideas.”

Compared

with

sitting

in

front

of

a

computer,

taking

a

shower

is

something we

do

less

frequently

in

our

daily

life.

When

showering,

we

get

a

fresh

experience

with

the

change

of

l

ocation,

temperature

and

humidity.

“New

and

unexpected

experiences

can lead to positive changes in thinking

，” explained Kaufman. “Getting off the

couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from

a new point of view.”

Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it needn't

just

be

the

bathroom

where

you

get

your

inspiration.

For

instance,

Gertrude

Stein,

a

female

American

writer

and

poet,

got

new

ideas

by

driving

around

a

farm

and

stopping

at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her. So try to create

your own way to free your mind.

语篇解读：一项科学实验证实淋浴对人们身心有益，尤其可以激发大脑的创造力。

1

1

．

According to the article, what changes can showering cause?

A

．

Bringing the terrible moment to us.

B

．

Setting the creative part of the brain free.

C

．

Leading to boredom or tiredness.

D

．

Increasing the level of dopamine.

解析：选

D

细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Showering can help to raise our

level of dopamine ...”可知，淋浴能够 使多巴胺的数值升高。故选

D

项。

2

．

If one has focused on something all day, showering can help ________.

A

．

turn one's attention inward

B

．

draw one's attention to the outside world

C

．

make an important breakthrough

D

．

many chemical changes to take place

解析：选

A

细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Especially when you have thought

hard ... your inner feelings and memories.”可知，淋浴可以使人将注意力转向内心。

故选

项。

3

．

According to Kaufman, why can taking showers make us creative?

A

．

Because taking showers happens more often.

B

．

Because

taking

showers

can

make

us

acquire

a

fresh

experience,

inspiring

us.

C

．

Because nothing but taking showers can get our inspiration.

D

．

Because taking showers can help us try something unexpected.

解析：选

B

细节理解题。根据第六段中的“When showering, we get a fresh

experience”及“lead to positive changes in thinking”，再结合最后一段的描述可

知，淋浴可以帮 助我们获得新的体验、赋予我们灵感，故选

B

项。

4

．

The example of Gertrude Stein in the last paragraph is used to ________.

A

．

encourage readers to find their own ways of getting inspiration

B

．

point out to readers that it's hard to get inspiration

C

．

explain how to link inspiration with readers' daily lives

D

．

show that creativity often comes from strange places

解析：选

A

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but it

needn't

just be the

bathroom

where you

get your inspiration”及最后一句“So try to create your own way to free

your mind.” 可以判断，举该例是为了鼓励读者寻找适合自己的获得灵感的方式。故选

A

项。

B

2

(2018·广西桂林十八中模拟

)No one can deny that buttons are an important

clothing device. But, can they rise to the level of art? Organizers of an exhibit

in New York City think so.

Peter Souleo Wright organized “The Button Show” at Rush Arts Gallery in the

Chelsea

neighborhood

of

Manhattan.

Eleven

artists

used

the

small,

ordinary

objects

to

create

sculptures,

portraits

and

wearable

art.

Some

of

the

works

are

political,

some are personal and others are just fun.

Wright

said

each

artist

reimagines

and

repurposes

the

buttons

to

make

art.“What

I

tried

to

do

with

this

show

，”

he

said,

“was

to

look

at

artists

who

were

promoting

that level of craft.”

He said he

wanted the button art to be comparable to a painting “because of

the amount of detail and precision in the work”．

Artist

Beau

McCall

produced

“A

Harlem

Hangover”.

It

looks

like

a

wine

bottle

that fell over on a table. A stream of connected red buttons hang over the side,

like wine flowing down. Similar red buttons form a small pool on the floor.

McCall layers buttons of different shapes and sizes to create the bottle. The

stitching that holds them together is also part of the artistic design.

For San Franci

sco?based artist Lisa Kokin, buttons are highly personal. After

her father died in 2001, she created a portrait of him using only buttons. That

memorial

to

her

father

led

to

other

button

portraits,

including

those

of

activists

Rosa Parks and Cesar Chavez.

Others use buttons for details. Artist Amalia Amaki of Tuscaloosa, Alabama,

placed

them

on

and

around

old

photographs.

Los

Angeles

artist

Camilla

Taylor

attached

buttons

to

three

large

sculptures

that

look

like

headless

animals

with

long,

narrow

legs.

“The

Button

Show”

ends

at

March

12.

The Rush

Philanthropic Arts Foundation

paid

for

the

exhibition.

The

foundation

was

created

in

1995

by

the

Simmons

brothers:

artist

Danny,

hip?hop

producer

Russell

and

rapper

Reverend

Run.

The

foundation

seeks

to bring the artists to urban youth and to provide support for new artists.

语篇解 读：文章介绍了纽约艺术家们组织的一场特殊的纽扣展览，在展览中人们见到

了许多有创 意的艺术品。

1

．Why did Wright organize “The Button Show”？

A

．

To show the importance of buttons.

B

．

To support the new artists.

3

C

．

To raise the button show to the level of art.

D

．

To create sculptures and portraits.

解析：选

C

细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“But,

can

they

rise

to

the

level

of

art?

Organizers

of

an

exhibit

in

New

York

City

think

so.”和第二段中的“Peter

Souleo

Wright organized ‘The Button

Show’”可知，赖特组织“纽扣展”的目的是将纽扣展上

升到艺术水平。故选

C

项。

2

．

Whose works are personal?

A

．

Peter Souleo Wright.

C

．

Lisa Kokin.

B

．

Beau McCall.

D

．

Amalia Amaki.

解析：选

C

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句“For San Francisco?based artist

Lisa Kokin, buttons are highly personal.”可知，对于莉萨·科金来说纽扣是高度私人

化的东西。故选

C

项。

3

．If you want to see “The Button Show”，

you should ________.

A

．

buy tickets before March 12

B

．

phone Peter Souleo Wright before March 12

C

．

go to Rush Arts Gallery

D

．

go to the Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation

解析：选

C

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Peter

Souleo

Wright

organized

‘The

Button Show’ at Rush Arts Gallery in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan.”可

知，赖特组织的纽扣展是在

Rush Arts Gallery

。故选

C

项 。

C

To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it

rains, but actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain.

Its first use was as a shade against the sun!

Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient

times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the 11th century BC.

We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade.

And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor.

In

the

Far

East

in

ancient

times,

the

umbrella

was

allowed

to

be

used

only

by

those

in high office.

In

Europe,

the

Greeks

were

the

first

to

use

the

umbrella

as

a

sunshade.

And

the

umbrella was commonly used in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first

persons

in

Europe

to

use

the

umbrella

as

protection

against

the

rain

were

the

ancient

Romans.

During the Middle Ages, the use of umbrella practically disappeared. Then it

4

appeared again in Italy in the late 16th century. And again it was considered as

a symbol of power. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later in England.

By the 18th century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of

Europe.

Umbrellas

have

not

changed

much

in

style

during

all

this

time,

though

they

have

become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's

umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明 文。文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途以及其后来的演

变。

1

．

According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in

ancient ________ .

A

．

China B

．

Egypt

C

．

Greece D

．

Rome

答案：

A

细节理解题。根据文章第二 段第二句可判断伞最初或许是在中国产生的。

2

．

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the umbrella?

A

．

No one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was.

B

．

The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.

C

．

The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century.

D

．

In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.

答案：

C

细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段中的“Umbrellas have not changed much

in style during all this time”可知，一直以来，伞在风格上没有什么大的变化。

3

．

A strange feature of the umbrella's use is that it was used as ________ .

A

．

protection against rain

B

．

a shade against the sun

C

．

a symbol of honor and power

D

．

women's decoration

答案：

C

细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“And there was a strange thing ...

a symbol of honor.”和最后一句“... only by those in high office.”可判断出答案。

D

Dujiangyan is the oldest man?made water sy

stem in the world,anda wonder in

thedevelopmentof

Chinese

science.

Built

over

2,200

years

ago

in

what

is

now

Sichuan

Province

in

Southwest

China,this

amazing

engineering

achievement

is

still

used

today

to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometres of farmland, take away floodwater and

provide water for 50 cities in the province.

In

ancient

times,

the

region

in

which

Dujiangyan

now

stands

suffered

from

regular

floods

caused

by

overflow

from

the

Minjiang

River.

To

help

the

victims

of

the

flooding,

Li Bing, the

region's

governor, together with his son, decided to

find

a solution.

They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when

5