-
江苏
2017
高考英语阅读理解
--
细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）
阅读理解解题指导
阅读理解历来都是
高考英语试卷中难度最大、
区分度最高的题型，
它要求考生理解
文章的主旨和要义；
理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本
结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度
等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
阅读理
解
----
【细节理解题】
细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。它的设题方式
主
要有以下两种：
1.
以
what, who, which, when,
where, why, how
等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，
针对文章中的具体事物、
人
物、时间、地点、原因
(
目的
)
、方式等来设问考
查。解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采
用
―<
/p>
对号入座
‖
的办法，把原文信息跟后面的
题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。如
:
真题摘选【
1
】
(2013
江苏卷
D
篇
)
I say clever because anti-slavery
fiction had been the important part of the
literature in the years before the
Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
is only the most famous example.
These early stories dealt directly
with
slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his
attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that
were on the
surface about something
else entirely. He drew his readers into the
argument by drawing them into the story.
65. How do Twain’s novels
on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
A. Twain was more willing
to deal with racism.
B.
Twain’s attack on racism was much less
open.
C. Twain’s
themes seemed to agree with plots.
D. Twain was openly
concerned with racism.
解析：<
/p>
根据文中信息，
Stowe
的小说正面抨
击奴隶制问题，而马克
?
吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种
族歧视，可见马克
?
吐温对种族歧视的抨击
不那么公开。
【实战演练】阅读理解
Part of a research
study
，
by scientists at
McMaster university
，
which is
ongoing into the influence of drinking milk
after heavy
weightlifting
，
has observed
that milk helps exercisers burn more fat.
The scientists took three groups of
young men 18 to 30 years of age,56 in
total
，
and put them through a
strict
，
five-
day-<
/p>
per-
week weightlifting
program over a 12-
week ing their
workouts
，
study participants
drank
either two cups of skim milk (
脱脂奶
)
，
or a
soy beverage with equivalent amounts of protein
and energy
，
or a
carbohydrate beverage
(
碳酸饮料
) with an equivalent
amount of energy.
Upon the study’s
conclusion
，
scientists
observed that
：
the milk
drinking group had lost nearly twice as much
fat
—
two
pounds
—
as those in the
carbohydrate beverage
group
，
who lost one pound of
drinking soy lost
no the same
time
，
the gain in muscle was
much greater among the milk drinkers than either
the soy or
carbohydrate beverage
participants.
As published in the first
stage of the study
，
the milk
drinking group came out on top in terms of muscle
gain with an
estimated 40 percent or
2.5 pounds more muscle mass than the soy beverage
addition
，
this group gained
63 percent or 3.3 pounds more muscle
mass than the carbohydrate beverage drinkers.
―I think the evidence is beginning to
increase
，
‖says Stuart
Phillips—the leader of the study.―
Milk
may be best
known for its calcium
(
钙
) content in supporting
bone health
，
but our
research
，
and later
others’
，
can continually
support milk’s ability to aid in muscle
growth and also promote body fat is the ideal
post?workout drink for
recreatio
nal exercisers and
athletes alike.‖
- 1 -
1
．
According to
the study
，
which is the best
drink for exercisers to lose weight?
A
．
Fruit juice.
C
．
Skim milk.
解析：
细节理解题。根据第三段可知。
答案：
C
2
．
From the
passage we can learn that milk has a good effect
on all of the following EXCEPT________.
A
．
muscle gain
C
．
bone health
B
．
brain
development
D
．
fat
loss
B
．
Soy
beverage.
D
．
Carbohydrate
beverage.
解析：
细节理解题。根据前三段可知，牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose fat
，故
A
、
D
正确；
根据最后一段中
的
―Milk may be best
known for its calicium content in supporting bone
health‖
可知
C
也正确，所以答
案为
B
。
答案：
B
3
．
According to
the passage
，
we can know
that________.
A
．
the scientists
chose people aged 18,30 and 56 as participants of
the research
B
．
the
weightlifting program which study participants
attended was 84 days in total
C
．
people who
drink milk every day are always healthier and
thinner than others
D
．
soy beverages
are better than carbohydrate beverages for
exercisers to gain muscle
解析：
细节理解题。根据第二段中的
―The scientists
book three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of
age,56 in
total
，
‖
可知
A
错误；根据第二段中的
―
put them through a strict
，
five-
day-
pe
r-
week weightlifting program over a
12?week period.‖
可知
B
错误；文章提到喝牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose fat
，但
是并没有提到每天喝牛奶的人
会比其他人健康、苗条，故
C
也错误。
答案：
D
4
．
What does
Philips want to tell us?
A
．
More evidence
is needed to strengthen their research.
B
．
Milk has more
calcium than soy or carbohydrate beverages.
C
．
The calcium in
milk can also help gain muscle and lose fat.
D
．
Athletes should
be forbidden to drink other beverages except milk.
解析：
细节理解题。
由
―...but
our research
，
and later
others’
，
can continually
support milk’s ability to aid in muscle
growth and also promote body fat
loss.‖
可知答案。
答案：
A
- 2 -
5
．
What does the
passage mainly talk about?
A
．
What exercisers
should do to lose weight.
B
．
How milk
influences people’s health and figure.
C
．
The differences
between milk and soy or carbohydrate beverages.
D
．
A research on
the effect of drinking
milk
—
gain muscle and lose
fat.
解析：
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知，
文章介绍了一项关于喝牛奶的最新研究成果，
即喝牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose fat
，所
以答案为
D
。
答案：
D.
真题摘选【
2
】
(2013
课标卷
I A
篇
)
Some
people will do just about anything to
sa
ve money. And I am one of them. Take
my family’s last
vacation. It was my
six-year-
old son’s winter break from
school, and we were heading home form Fort
Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The
flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline,
offered us $$400 per person in
credits
to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had
meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But
that
didn’t mean my husband and my son
couldn’t stay. I took my nine
-month-old
and took off for home.
56. Why did
Delta give the author’
s family credits?
A. They took a later
flight.
B. They had early
bookings.
C. Their flight
had been delayed.
D. Their
flight had been cancelled.
解析：本文为夹叙夹议文。
作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，即如何获取金钱的最大利用价
值，从而理性消
费。利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找到
The flight was
overbooked, and Delta, the airline,
offered us $$400 per person in credits
to give up our seats and leave the next day
这些相关信息。由该句可知，因
为航班超员，航空公司
(Delta)
以信用卡的形式补偿我们每人
400
美金，
要我们放弃座位，第二天再离开。
故
选
A
项
(
他们乘坐了较晚的航班
)
。
【实战演练】
【
2016
届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文
，选择最佳答案填空。
C
You use her as a
shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual
jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual
chatbot.
Xiaoice,
Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot,
was briefly released in 2014, and returned to
WeChat
in 2015, where she became a big
hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange
messages with her daily, The New
York
Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official
account. After following it, users can start text-
based
conversations with Xiaoice.
―Her incredible learning ability was
why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,‖ Liu
Jinchang, a researcher at
High-tech
Research and Development Center under the Ministry
of Science and Technology, told China Daily.
Apart from her ability to identify
photos and send emojis
(
表情符号
) in conversations,
Xiaoice gains 45 percent
of her
knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily
reported.
Chatbot programs first
appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top
tech companies, they are
becoming
smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s
latest artificial
intelligence program
served as an
academic consultant at
Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’
questions about course schedules and
- 3 -
financial aid. Apple’s
Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice
assistants who can read news, play
music
and even make jokes
for their users.
These programs
are expected to move beyond smartphones, into
televisions, cars and living rooms, The New
York Times pointed out. However, it may
take decades before scientists develop a
―Samantha‖, the advanced
chatbot seen
in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha
sparks a romantic relationship with her user
played by
US actor Joaquin Phoenix.
Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy
of virtual soul mates.
1. What does the
underlined part in paragraph two mean?
A. She became a best
seller.
B. She
became very powerful.
C. She became a money maker.
D. She became
very popular.
2. Which of the following
can Xiaoice do?
A. Do housework.
B. Spread messages.
C.
Identify various photos.
D. Read news to its users.
3. Which company’s chatbot program can
act as an academic consultant?
A. Microsoft.
B.
IBM.
C. Apple.
D. Amazon.
4.
What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones
now.
B. It’ll take decades
to
apply chatbots to cars.
C. Samantha is played by a US actor in
the film.
D. The film Her doesn’t
interest many audience .
参考答案、
DCBA
2.
以不完整的句子形式，针对文章的某个细节设题，考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能
力。如：
真题摘选【
1
】
(2013
课标卷
I
B
篇
)
Or do
newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same
experiment, but with three spots shown before two,
shows the same return of interest when
the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just
the newness? When slightly
older babies
were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb,
a key, an orange and so on), changing the number
of objects had an effect separate from
changing the objects themselves. Could it be the
pattern that two things
make, as
opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more
attention to squares moving randomly on a screen
when
their number changed from two to
three, or three to two. The effect even crosses
between senses. Babies who
were
repeatedly shown two spots became more excited
when they then heard three drumbeats than when
they
heard just two; likewise
(
同样地
) when the researchers
started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
61. Babies are sensitive to
the change in ______.
A. the size of cards
B. the colour of pictures
C. the shape of patterns
D. the number of objects
解析：本文为科普类说明文，主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题。根据第二段中
When slightly
older babies were
shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a
key, an orange and so on), changing the number
of objects had an effect separate from
changing the objects themselves
可知，
卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身
的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响，故选<
/p>
D
。
【习题选编】
- 4 -
阅读下列短文
,
从给的四个选项
(A
、
B
、
C
和
D)
中
,
选出最佳选项。
体裁：记叙文
话题：公共服务
时间：
7
分钟
The world of taxi drivers is dominated
by there is one small taxi company in
Delhi
，
where all the drivers
and passengers are 's safety is a hot
topic in India at the
moment
，
so it's proving a
very popular
service.
―
When I'm on the road
driving our taxi I feel very
proud
，
because this is the
first taxi service only for
women
，
‖says
31-
year-
old
Shanti Sharma
，
who is one of
eight female drivers with a taxi service called
Cabs for Women by
Women.
The
last couple of months
，
since
the rape and murder in the city of a college
student travelling on a
bus
，
have been
particularly busy for her and her
colleagues.
―After this
case
，
our workload has
increased so much
，
‖ says
Sharma.―Women who used other cab services are also
turning to u
s
now.‖
Most women in Delhi
say they routinely face harassment(
骚扰
)
，
and
worse
，
especially on public
transport.
Sharma
，
a single
parent with three
daughters
，
has been working
as a taxi driver since
2011
，
when the service was
first set up
，
and
it has changed her is the first time that she has
earned enough
—
about
250 a
month
—
to
support
her family.
Of
course
，
she and the other
female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by
male cabbies.―When I park
somewhere
there are always men there and inevitably five or
six of them get together and hang
out
，
‖ she says.―I'm
usually the only woman in the parking
lot
，
so I just stay inside
the car.‖
It's not much
better when she is out on the says the male
drivers give her a hard time.―As soon as they
see a woman at the wheel they start
honking(
按喇叭
) for no 'll try
to overtake you.I'm always worrying
about how to avoid getting hit by
someone.‖
The company behind
Cabs for Women by
Women
，
Sakha Consulting
Wings
，
had a number of goals
when it set up
the wanted to give
women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn
putting women in
charge of
technologies
，
it also wanted
to change people's
attitudes
，
and open up
boundaries for women.
【语篇导读】
德里一家出租车公司专门推出了女性司机只为女性乘客提供服务的
Cabs for Women by
Women
出租车业务。生意异常火爆。
1
．
The taxi
service Cabs for Women by Women ______.
A
．
is greatly
needed at present in India
B
．
causes a hot
debate in India
C
．
was set up in
2012
D
．
is free of
charge for women
解析
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的
―it's
proving a very popular service‖
可知，这项女性出
租车服务在
现在有很大需求量。
答案
A
2
．
Why are women
who used other cab services turning to Cabs for
Women by Women?
A
．
Because it is
cheap.
B
．
Because it is
safe.
C
．
Because
it is famous.
D
．
Because it is
convenient.
解析
推理
判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租车的女性现在选择
Cabs
for Women
by Women
，是因为这种由妇女驾
驶的出租车能为女性乘客提供安全保障。
答案
B
3
．
What do we know
about Sharma?
A
．
She is the
first female taxi driver in Delhi.
B
．
She lives in
harmony with her husband.
C
．
She has
regretted becoming a taxi driver.
D
．
She has a
better salary after becoming a taxi driver.
解析
细节理解题。根据第六段可知，
从
2011
年
Sharma
成为出租车司机后，她才赚了足够多的钱来养家糊
口。
答案
D
4
．
What
is the main idea of the
last paragraph?
A
．
The
opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for
women.
B
．
The main
purposes of Cabs for Women by Women.
C
．
People's
attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women.
D
．
The background
information of Cabs for Women by Women.
- 5 -