高考英语阅读理解细节理解类型题

idea)

等。主题思想是文章的核 心，能

否抓住文章的主题思想，

是考生阅读能力最主要的体现。

高考中阅读理解的测试，

自然也以

此作 为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。

要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，

就要十分留意

文章的开头和结尾，

要抓住文中具有概括 性的信息，

从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，

看作

者主要谈的是什么，

透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，

再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思

想的选项。

有些干扰项，

从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。

这类干扰项与正确 答

案之差，

其实是局部与全局之差。

考 生在做题时不要为局部现象迷惑，

而忽略了文章的整体

思想。< /p>

2

．解题思路与应试技巧

做这类题时常用略读法。

快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。

把各个段落的主题

句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排，

就能概括出文章的中心。

文章的 标题是

中心思想最精炼的表达形式，

选择的标题意义围要能涵盖 全文，

不能太大也不能太小。

命题

者在 出这类题时，常常利用生活常识

编造干扰项，

把文中的细节当主旨，

利用局部信息编造干扰项，

编制 超出文章围的标题或不

能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留 意。

下面结合高考 试题，谈谈标题类和大意类主旨大意题的解题技巧。

(1)

标题类

标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。

在阅读中不仅要求考生能够 通过自己已知

的信息概括出段落的中心思想，

而且还要对概括出 的中心思想加以提炼，

拟定出段落的标题。

在测试中能够迅速而 准确地选择标题。

文章标题可以是单词、

短语，

也可以是句子。

标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇 文章的主要容，

抓住文章讨论的中心把握作者的观点和意图。

它 的特点是：

短小精悍，

多为短语；

涵盖 性强，

一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强， 不能随意

改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

例

7

Cassandra

Feeley

finds

it

hard

to

manage

on

her

husband

’

s

income.

So

this

year

she

did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist

garden,

Ms

Feeley

has

put

in

15

tomato

plants,

and

five

rows

of

a

variety

of

vegetables.

The family

’

s old farm house has become a chicken bourse ,its residents arriving

next mont

h. Last year, Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made

it much larger because, she said ,

“

The cost of everything is going up and I was

looking to lose a few pounds too; so it

’

s a win-win situation all around.

”

They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs

and

a

falling

economy(

经济

),

have

taken

up

vegetable

gardening

for

the

first

time.

Other

have

increased

the

size

of

their

existing

gardens.

Seed

companies

and

garden

shops

say

no

since

the

1970s

have

there

been

such

an

increase

in

interest

in

growing

food at home. Now many gardens across the country hacek been sold out for several

months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.

George Jr, owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are

up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years.

argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big

one

is

striking

use

in

me

cost

on

food

like

bread

and

milk,

together

with

the

increases

.

页脚

.

.

in

the

price

of

fruit

and

vegetables.

Food

prices

have

increase

of

higher

oil

price.

People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there more time to garden.

64. What does the word

“

residents

”

in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A. chickens B. tomatoes C. gardens D. people

65. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?

A. More Americans are dong it for fun. B. The price of oil is lower than before.

C. There

’

s a growing need for fruits. D. The cost of living is on the rise.

66. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A. Family Food Planning B. Banking on Gardening

C. A Belt-tightening Move D. Gardening as a Hobby

答案：

AAA

(2)

大意类

解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。

概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全 文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就

通过关键词句来概括

(

如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中

心 的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。

)

。文中出现两种或两种以上 的不同观点时，务必牢记

作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。

此时 ，

要注意一些转折词，

如

but,

yet,

however,

although,

in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary

等。当文章中表示相反的观点时 ，往往用到

这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大 意。

例

8They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their

lives. If one fails

the other is there to catch him.

They

are

Wellman

,whose

legs

were

permanently

injured

nine

years

ago

in

a

rock- climbing accident. and Corbett, an experi enced rock climber ,Together ,they

climed

up Half Dome ,the famous

2,000-foot rock

in the Yosemite National Park ,the

medium of through the most different routes.(

路线

)

During

the

climb,

Crorbett

took

the

lead,

hit

in

the

metal

spikes

（尖状物）

that

guided

the ropes and climbed

up. Then,

after Wellmanm pulled himself up

the rope, Corbett

went

down

to

remove

the

spikers

and

climbed

up

again.

This

process

was

repeated

time

and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.

Wellman’s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body

stength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope

on the climb.

However, when the two men first met, they never talked about clim

bing . “he knew

that was how I got injured.” Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he

wanted to climb again and they started training.

Their

climb

of

half

dome

was

not

all

smooth.

At

one

point,

pieces

of

rock

gave

way,

and

Corbett

dropped

down

quickly.

Wellman

locked

their

rope

in

place.

Stopping

the

fail at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend’s life.

“your

partner can save

your life

---

you

can save your

partner’s life,” Wellman

said as the pair recei

ved congratulations from friends. ”there are real close

ties.”

64. which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing half dome?

A. to climb up to remove the spikes. B. to climb it twice

C. to do 5,000 pull-ups up the rope. D. to lock the rope in place.

.

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