1972年国际海上避碰规则(中英)

1972

年国际海上避碰规则

1972

年

国

际

海

上

避

碰

规

则

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR

PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA,

1972

（第

1- 19

条）

第一章

总

则

Part A

–

General

第

一

条

Rule 1

适

用

范

围

Application

1

本规则条款适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。

(a)These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by

seagoing vessels.

2

本规则条款不妨碍有关主管机关为 连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、

江河、

湖泊或内陆 水道

所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定，应尽可能符合本规则条款。

(b)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere in the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for

roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing

vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.

3

．

本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的队形灯、

信号灯、

号型或笛号，

或者为结队从事捕鱼 的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯或号型的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额

外的队 形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或

< br>信号。

(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any

State with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels

proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights for fishing vessels fishing as a fleet.

These additional station or signal lights or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be

mistaken for any light, shape, or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.

4

．为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳 分道通航制。

(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.

凡经有关政府确定，

某种特殊构造或用途的船舶 ，

如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数

- 1 -

1972

年国际海上避碰规则

量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型 的数量、

位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符 合本规则条款要求的规

定。

(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose

cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to number, position, range or arc of

visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such

vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or

shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Government shall

have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect to that vessel.

第

二

条

Rule 2

责

任

Responsibility

1

．本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽 ，或者按海员

通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责 任。

(a)

Nothing

in

these

Rules

shall

exonerate

any

vessel,

or

the

owner,

master,

or

crew

thereof,

from

the

consequences

of

any

neglect

to

comply

with

these

Rules

or

of

the

neglect

of

any

precaution

which

may

be

required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

2

．在解释和遵行本规 则条款时，应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任

何特殊 情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。

(b)

In

construing

and

complying

with

these

Rules

due

regard

shall

be

had

to

all

dangers

of

navigation

and

collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a

departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.

第

三

条

Rule 3

一

般

定

义

General Definitions

除条文另有解释外，在本规则中：

For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:

1

“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用 作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船筏和水上飞机。

(a) The word

used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

2

“机动船”一词， 指用机器推进的任何船舶。

(b) The term

3

．

“帆船 ”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，如果装有推进器但不在使用。

(c)

The

term

vessel

means

any

vessel

under

sail

provided

that

propelling

machinery,

if

fitted,

is

not

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1972

年国际海上避碰规则

being used.

4

、

“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵 性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何

船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到 限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。

(d)

The

term

engaged

in

fishing

means

any

vessel

fishing

with

nets,

lines,

trawls,

or

other

fishing

apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing

apparatus which do not restrict manageability.

5

“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。

(e) The term

6

“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常情况，不能按本规则条款的要求进行操纵，因而不 能给他船

让路的船舶。

(f)

The

term

not

under

command

means

a

vessel

which

through

some

exceptional

circumstance

is

unable to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

7

“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规 则条款的要求进行操纵的能力受到限

制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。

< br>

(g) The term

restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of

another vessel.

“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不限于下列船舶：

The term

（

1

）从事 敷设。维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶；

(i) A vessel engaged in laying, servicing, or picking up a navigational mark, submarine cable or pipeline;

（

2

）从事疏浚 、测量或水下作业的船舶；

(ii) A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;

（

3

）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；

(iii) A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway;

< /p>

（

4

）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；< /p>

(iv) A vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;

（

5

）从事 清除水雷作业的船舶；

(v) A vessel engaged in mineclearance operations;

（

6

）

从事拖带作业的船舶，

而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖物体驶离其 航向的能力严重受到限制者。

(vi) A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their

ability to deviate from their course.

8

“限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由于吃水与可航行水域的水深和宽度 的关系，致使其驶离航向的能力严重

地受到限制的机动船。

(h) The term

to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course

she is following.

9

．

“在航 ”一词，指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。

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1972

年国际海上避碰规则

(i) The word

10< /p>

．船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。

(j) The words

11

只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在互见中。

(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other.

12

．

“能见度不良”一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙 暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到

限制的情况。

(l) The term

heavy rainstorms, sandstorms and any other similar causes.

第二章

驾驶和航行规则

Part B - Steering and Sailing Rules

第一节

船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则

Section I - Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of Visibility

第

四

条

Rule 4

适

用

范

围

Application

本节条款适用于任何能见度的情况。

Rules in this section apply to any condition of visibility.

第

五

条

Rule 5

了

望

Look-out

每一船在任何时候都应使用视觉、听觉以及 适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段保持正规的了望，以便

对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的 估计。

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight as well as by hearing as well as by all available

means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation

and of the risk of collision.

第

六

条

Rule 6

安全航速

Safe Speed

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1972

年国际海上避碰规则

每一船在任何时候都应以安全航速行驶，以便能采取适当而有效的避碰行动，并能在适合当时环 境和情

况的距离以内把船停住。

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid

collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：

In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:

1

．对所有船舶：

(a) By all vessels:

（

1

）能见 度情况；

(i)The state of visibility;

（

2

）通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；

(ii) The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels;

（

）船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能；

(iii)

The

manageability

of

the

vessel

with

special

reference

to

stopping

distance

and

turning

ability

in

the

prevailing conditions;

（

4

）夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散 射；

(iv) At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter from her own

lights;

（

5

）风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况；

(v) The state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;

（

6

）吃水 与可用水深的关系。

(vi) The draft in relation to the available depth of water.

．对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还应考虑：

(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

（

1

）雷达 设备的特性、效率和局限性；

(i) The characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;

（

2

）所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制；

(ii) Any constrains imposed by the radar range scale in use;

（

3

）海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达 探测的影响；

(iii) The effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;

< /p>

（

4

）在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰 和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性；

(iv)

The

possibility

that

small

vessels,

ice

and

other

floating

objects

may

not

be

detected

by

radar

at

an

adequate range;

（

5

）雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和 动态；

(v) The number location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

（

6

）当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物 体的距离时，可能对能见度作出更确切的估计。

(vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility

that may be possible when radar is used to determine the

range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.

第

七

条

Rule 7

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1972

年国际海上避碰规则

碰

撞

危

险

Risk of Collision

1

．每一船都应使用适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段断定是否存在碰撞危险，如 有任何怀疑，则应认

为存在这种危险。

(a)

Every

vessel

shall

use

all

available

means

appropriate

to

the

prevailing

circumstances

and

conditions

to

determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

2

．

如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，

则应正确予以使用，

包 括远距离扫描，

以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报，

并对探测到的物 标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain

early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

3

．不应当根据不充分的资料，特别 是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。

(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.

4

．在 断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:

（

1

）如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的 变化，则应认为存在这种危险；

(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably

change;

（

2

）即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能存在这种危 险，特别是在驶近一艘很大的船或拖带船组时，

或是在近距离驶近他船时。

(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when

approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.

第

八

条

Rule 8

避免碰撞的行动

Action to Avoid Collision

1

．为避免碰 撞所采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极的，应及早地进行和充分注意运用良好的

船艺。

(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample

time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.

2

．为避兔碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应大得 足以使他船用视觉或雷达

观测时容易察觉到；应避免对航向和（或）航速作一连串的小变 动。

(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large

enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations

of course and/or speed should be avoided.

3

．

如有足够的水域，

则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动，

只要这种行动是及时的、

大幅度的，

并且不致造成另一紧迫局面。

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1972

年国际海上避碰规则

(c)

If

there

is

sufficient

sea

room,

alteration

of

course

alone

may

be

the

most

effective

action

to

avoid

a

close-quarters

situation

provided

that

it

is

made

in

good

time,

is

substantial

and

does

not

result

in

another

close- quarters situation.

4

．为避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动，应能导致在安全的距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效性，直到

最后驶过让清他船为止。

(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The

effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.