-
2018
江苏南京航空航天大学英语考研真题
I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)
Directions:
There
are
20
incomplete
sentences
in
this
part.
For
each
sentence
there
are fourchoices marked A., B., C. and
D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the
sentence.
1. “Why
didn
?
t you
buy
it?” “I _______ but I didn
?
t
have the money.”
A. would B.
would have C. had had D. had bought
2.
The board deemed it urgent that these files ______
right away.
A. had to be printed B.
should have been printed
C. must be
printed D. should be printed
3. I have
heard both colleagues and boss ______ well of him.
A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken
D. speak
4. Jean worked just so much
________.
A. like what she was told to
B. as she was told to
C. as to what she
tried to do D. like she was told to
5.
This
union,
______
the
1990
?
s,
provides
financial
assistance
to
support
laid-off
workers.
A. when it was
founded B. was founded C. which was founded in D.
was founded in
6. As he was blamed for
damage he hadn
?
t caused,
indignation ____ up in him.
A. surged
B. appeared C. rose D. soared
7.
If
the
fire
alarm
is
sounded,
all
students
are
requested
to
_____
in
the
courtyard.
A. converge B.
assemble C. crowd D. accumulate
8. If
Peter wins tomorrow, he _____ thirty races in the
past four years.
A. will win B. has won
C. would have won D. will have won
9.
Petrol is manufactured from the ____ oil we take
out of the ground.
A. rough B. raw C.
crude D. tough
10. The size of the
audience, ____ we had expected, was well over one
thousand.
A. whom B. as C. who D. that
11. Human behavior is mostly a product
of learning, ______ the behavior of animal
depends mainly on instinct.
A. so B. unless C. however D. whereas
12. He ______ the meeting, but upon
learning that they would discuss something
irrelevant to his field of study,
he dropped the idea.
A. was
going to attend B. had attended C. were to attend
D. would have attended
13. The computer
is the only one _____ to issue tickets on the
plane.
A. to allow B. allowed C.
allowing D. to have allowed
14. So
confused ____ that he didn
?
t
know how to start his lecture.
A. since
he became B. that he became C. would he become D.
did he become
15. Nuclear science
should be developed to benefit people ______ harm
them.
A. more than B. rather than C.
other than D. better than
16. This rock
has to be ____ in order to build a road.
A. blasted B. explored C. hired D.
maintained
17. When they returned to
the river, they found that the boat had _______
away.
A. framed B. frosted C. frowned
D. floated
18.
The
English
proverb
“____
the
rod
and
spoil
the
child”
means
that
if
you
keep
from punishing the child,
you will spoil its character.
A. rule B. spare C. clap D. rug
19. After people have learned that
magnets attract things, centuries passed ____
they took note of the fact that
magnets sometimes also repel things.
A. before B. until C. after D. since
20. In that country, students will be
_____ admittance to their classroom if they
are not properly dressed.
A.
declined B. deprived C. denied D. deserted
II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions:
There
are
4
passages
in
this
part.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
markedA., B., C. and D. You should
decide on the best choice.
Passage 1
A child who has once been pleased with
a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold
in identically the same words, but this
should not lead parents to treat printed
fairy
stories
as
sacred
texts.
It
is
always
much
better
to
tell
a
story
than
to
read
it out of
a book and, if a parent can produce an improvement
on the printed text,
so much the
better.
A charge made against fairy
tales is that they harm the child by frightening
him
or arousing his sadistic impulses.
To prove the latter, one would have to show in
a controlled experiment that children
who have read fairy stories were more often
guilty of cruelty than those who had
not. On the whole, their symbolic verbal
discharge seems to be rather a safety
valve than an incitement to overt action. As
to
fears,
there
are,
I
think,well-authenticated
cases
of
children
being
dangerously
terrified by some fairy story. Often,
however, this arises from the child having
been told the story on
only
one
occasion. Familiarity with the
story by
repetition
turns
the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced
and mastered.
There are also people who
object to fairy stories on the grounds that they
are not
objectively
true,
that
giants,
witches,
two-headed
dragons,
magic
carpets,
etc.
do
not exist; and that, instead of
indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child
should be taught how to adapt to
reality by studying history and mechanics. I find
suchpeople, I must confess, so
unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how
to argue with them. If their case were
sound, the world should be full of madmen
attempting to fly from New York to
Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a
telephone with kisses in the belief
that it was their enchanted girlfriend.
No fairy story ever claimed to be a
description of the external world and no sane
child has ever believed that it was.
21. The author considers that a fairy
story is more effective when it is ________.
A. repeated without variation B.
treated with reverence
C. adapted by
the parent D. set in the past
22. The
word “overt” (paragraph 2) means
________.
A. acute B.
authentic
C. apparent D. artificial
23. According to the passage, great
fear can be stimulated in a child when a story
is ____.
A. filled with
excitement B. heard only once
C.
repeated too often D. read out of a book
24.
According
to
the
passage,
the
advantage
claimed
for
repeating
fairy
stories
to
young children is that it_______.
A. makes them come to terms with their
fears
B. develops their power of memory
C. convinces them there is something to
be afraid of
D. encourages them not to
have ridiculous beliefs
25. The
author
?
s mention of
broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest
that
______.
A. fairy
stories are still being vividly made up
B. children do not easily accept fairy
tales as they are
C. people try their
best to modernize old fairy stories
D.
there is more concern for children's fears
nowadays
Passage 2
Psychologists have found that privately
made confidential resolutions are rarely
followed, whereas a public commitment
to achieve some goal, such as losing weight
or
giving
up
smoking
is
likely
to
be
much
more
effective.
This
is
because
the
approval
of
others for doing something desirable is valued. In
contrast,disapproval for
failure can
lead to feelings of shame.
Advertising
agencies
have
designed
studies
bearing
out
the
truth
of
this
observation.
In this
research, a group of strangers was bombarded with
information about the
qualities
of
a
particular
product.
They
were
thenasked
to
either
announce
out
loud
or write
down privately whether they intended to buy the
product. It was later
discovered
that
those
who
publicly
declared
their
intention
to
buy
were
considerably
more likely to
do so than those who affirmed their intentions in
private.
In another study, an
experimenter claiming to represent a local utility
company
interviewed house owners
telling them he was investigating ways in which
energy
consumption could be reduced.
Half the subjects,randomly selected, were told
that
if they agreed to conserve energy
their names would be mentioned in an article
published in the local newspaper; the
remaining half were told their names would
not
be
used.
All
those
interviewed
agreed
to
cooperate
and
signed
a
form
either
giving
consent for their names to be used or
stating that their names would not be used.
Later in the year, the amount of gas
consumed in each house was recorded.
The
owners
who
had
agreed
to
their
names
being
published
had
used
significantly
less
gas than those who
remained anonymous.
26. It can be
inferred that all of the following help motivate a
person to achieve
a goal
EXCEPT_________.
A. a desire for
approval B. a fear of disapproval