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动词惯用法
使用动词时,
要遵循它们特定的句型,
不
能随心所欲,
< br>我们这里仅讨论测试中最常见
的几种句型。
1
.动词
+
不定式
误:
He managed
getting that book
.
正:
to get
有些动词只能用动
词不定式作宾语,
而不
能用动名词,常见的这类词有:
afford
,
agree
,
arrange
,
ask
,
attempt
,
appear
,
apply
,
beg
,
bother
,
challenge
,
choose
,
claim
,
command
,
care
,
deign
,
dare
,
decide
,
decline<
/p>
,
demand
,
desire
,
determine
,
expect
,
essay
,
endeavour
,
fail
,
guaran-tee
,
get
(对?逐渐)
,
hope
,
help
,
hesitate
,
incline
,
intend
,
kn
ow
,
long
(渴望),
learn
,
mean
,
manage
,
offer
,
plan
,
prete
nd
,
promise
,
prepare
,
pledge
,
proceed
,
profes
s
(声称),
presume
(竟
p>
敢)
,
refuse
,
resolve
,
seek
,
swear
,
st
rive
,
scheme
,
seem
,
threaten
,
trouble
,
tend
p>
,
undertake
,
< br>volunteer
,
venture
< br>,
vow
,
want
,
wish
等。
a
.
He volunteered
to get some
information
.
b
.
Allen
applied
to
be
transferred
to
another
department
.
know<
/p>
后的不定式必须是带连接副词或连
接代词的,如
< br> how to
,
what
to
,
who
to
,
但不能接
why
to
。
a
.
He knows how to
drive a bus
.
b
.
I don't know
why we should do it
.
2
.动词
+
动名词
误:
I advise to wait
till 9
.
正:
waiting
英语中有些动词
或动词词组只能用动名
词作宾语,而不能用不定式,常见的有:
admit
,
advise
,
acknowledge
,
advocate<
/p>
,
anticipate
,
avoid
,
adore
,
appreciate
,
bar
,
cannot
help
,
can't
resist
(禁不住)
,
can't stand
,
complete
< br>,
confirm
,
consi
der
,
contemplate
,<
/p>
confess
,
defer
,
delay
,
deny
,
detect
,
detest
,
discourage
,
discontinue
,
di
slike
,
doubt
,
enjoy
,
envisage
< br>,
escape
,
evade<
/p>
,
excuse
,
facilite
,
fancy
,<
/p>
favour
,
feel like
p>
,
finish
,
forbid
,
forgive
,
p>
give
up
,
grudge
,
hinder
,
hold off
,
involve
,
imagine
,
i
ncur
,
keep
(
on
),
leave off
,
loathe
,
look like
,
mind
,
miss
,
mention
,
necessitate
,
prohibit<
/p>
,
put off
,
postpone
,
practise
,
permit
,
prevent
,
quit
,
pardon
,
recall
,
recollect
,
remain
,
report
,
re
quire
,
resent
,
recommand
,
resist
,
resume
,
ris
k
,
relish
,
< br>shirk
,
stop
,
suggest
,
shun
< br>,
save
,
urge
,
visualise
等。
a
.
Who suggest
doing it this way
?
b
.
The
old
worker
has
left
off
working
.
c
.
Nor
do
we
doubt
being
able
to
finish
the work on
time
.
3
.动词
+
不定式
/
< br>动名词
英语中有些动词既可接不定式,
也可接动
名词。
(
1
)两种结构意义差别不大。
a
.
He declined to
go there
.
b
.
He declined
going there
.
有些动词
在接动名词或不定式时,
意义差
别不是很大,常见的这类动词有
:
begin
,
bear
,
cease
,
conti
nue
,
commence
,
decline
,
delay
< br>,
dread
,
deserve
,
endure
,
hate
,
intend
,
loathe
,
like
,
love
,
neglect
p>
,
omit
,
pr
opose
,
prefer
,
purpose
,
start
< br>,
scorn
等。
a
.
Don't neglect
to lock/locking the
door
,
when you
leave
.
b
.
He omitted to
read/reading the
second
page
.
①如果
< br>start
,
begin
,
p>
commence
,
cease
等表示有意识地开始或停止的事情,
多接动
名词,
否则多接不定式。
②如果
like<
/p>
,
love
,
h
ate
,
loathe
表示
一般倾向,后面多接动名词。如果指某一具
体行为,则其后接不定式更多一
些。如果
love
和
like
前有
would
或
sh
ould
,
则其后
只可接不定式。
p>
误:
I'd like hearing
others'views
.
正:
to hear
③要注意
prefer
后接动名词和不定式时
的搭配。
a
.
They
prefer
walking
to
taking
a
bus
.
b
.
They
prefer
to
walk
rather
than
take
a bus
.
④
d
ecline
,
delay
,
dread
后接
动名词更
常见一些。另外,
bear
意
为“合适”时,其
后只可接动名词。
误:
His language won't bear to
be
repeated
.
正:
bear repeating
(
2
)两种结构意义不一样。
英语中有些动词可接动名词,
也可接不定
式,
但两种结构的意义不一样。常用的这类
动词有:
mean
,
try
,
regr
et
,
stop
,
forget
,
remem-ber
,
need
,
wait
等等。
①
mean
a
.
I have meant to
leave on Monday
.
我打算周一离开。
b
.
Missing
the
train
means
waiting
an
hour
.
赶不上那辆火车就意味着要等一小时。
mean to do
sth
.意为“打算做??”;
mean doing
sth
.意为“意味着”。
②
try
a
.
You
must
try
to
improve
your
work
.
你应努力改进工作。
b
.
Why
not
try
doing
the
experiment
in
some other way
?
为什么不试用别的方法做这实验?
try
to
do
sth
.
意为
“设法做、
p>
努力做”
,
try doing
sth
.意为“试着?”。
③
regret
a
.
I regret to say
that we can't stay
here any
longer
.
很抱歉我们不能再在这儿呆了。
b
.
I
regret
making/having
made
such
a
mistake
.
我后悔犯了这样一个粗心的错误。
regret to do sth
.意为“对?感到抱歉
p>
(事情没有发生)
”
;
regret
do-ing
sth
.
意
为“对?感到后悔(事情已经发生)”。
④
stop
a
.
When
I
arrived
,
he
stopped
to
talk
with me
.
< br>当我到达时,他停下(手中的活)和我说
话。
b
.
Stop
talking
!
it's
time
for
class
.
别
说话,该上课了。
stop to do sth
.意为“停下来(指别的<
/p>
事),开始做某事”;
stop
doing
sth
.意
为“停止做某事。
⑤
forget
a
.
Don't
forget
to
bring
your
notebook
next time
.
下次别忘了带笔记本。
b
.
I
will
never
forget
finding
the
rare
old coin in my
garden
.
我永远也不会忘记我
曾在花园发现过一
枚希罕的古钱币。
forget
to
do
sth
.
意为
“忘记做
某事
(事
情还没有发生)”;
I
forget
doing
sth<
/p>
.意
为“忘记做某事这一情况(指做的事已发
生)”。
⑥
remember
a
.
Please
remember
to
post
my
leter
.
< br>请
记住给我发信。
b
.
I remember
seeing/having seen him
somewhere
.
我记得曾经看见过他。
remember to do sth
.意为“记得做某事<
/p>
(事情还没有发生)”;
re-member
doing
sth
.
意为
“记得做过某事
(事情已经发生)
”
。
⑦
need
a
.
I need to get
away and rest up a
little
.
我需要离开这儿,好好休息一下。
b
.
The floor needs
mopping/to be
mopped
.地板需要擦。
need to do
sth
.意为“必须做某事”;
need doing
sth
.意为“需要”。
⑧
want
a
.
I don't want to
go there
.我不想
去那里。
b
.
Your English
wants brushing up/to
be brushed
up
.
你的英语需要复习一下。
want
to
do
sth
< br>.
意为
“想做什么”
;
want
doing
sth
.意为“需要做什么”。
⑨
go on
doing
,
go on to do
a
.
How long do you
intend to go on
paying those blooky
records
?
b
.
He
welcomd
the
new
stdents
and
then
went on to explain the col-lege
regulations
.
c
.
For half an
hour I went on reading
Lesson
Six
.
d
.
At
half
past
three
I
went
on
to
read
Lesson
Six
.
go on to do
sth
.表示“做完了某事,
继续做另一件事”;
go on doing sth
.意
为
“某事还没有做完,
继续做该事”
。
go
on
to read Lesson
Ten
即表示已续读完了第
九节课(或别的动作),进而读第
十课;而
go on
reading Lesson
Ten
即表示第十课还
没有读完,要继续读。一般
go on to
do
sth
.
结构经常指一个时刻的
动作,
而
go
on
doing
sth
.结构常指一段时间的动作。
go
on with sth
.短语,既可指一时刻的动作,
也可指一段时间内的动作。
a
.
After
a
little
pause
,
he
went
on
with
his speech
.
b
.
He
went
on
with
his
speech
for
half
an
hour
.
⑩
begin
,
start
,
cease
,
a
.
After he had
collected the
material
,
he began
writing
.
b
.
After
a
week
,
he
began
to
enjoy
his
study
.
c
.
The buses
ceased runing
.
d
.
He ceased to
breathe
.
在动词
begin
,
start
,
cease
之后,用动
名词表示有意
识的动作,
用不定式则表示无
意识的无法控制的动作。
上述三个动词如果
用
understand
p>
,
realize
等动词作宾语时,
不能用动名词形式,只能用不定式。我们只
能说:
He began to realize he had made a
mistake
.
< br>(11)hear
,
see
,<
/p>
feel
等感官动词
a
.
I saw him
working in the garden
yesterday
.
我看见他昨天在花园里干活。
b
.
I saw him to
work in the garden
yesterday
.
我见他昨天在花园里干过活
在感官动
词
see
,
hear
< br>,
feel
,
watch
,
notice
等之后,
既可用动名词作宾语,
也可
用不定式作宾语,
用动名词作宾语时我们的
注意力是集中到动作进行的过程之中的,
强
调过程,
而用不定式则把我们的注意力集中
p>
到动作完成的事实。
a
.
We heard the
girl singing in the
hall
.
b
.
We heard the
girl to sing in the
garden
.
a
)
stop
后接不定式作目的状
语,不是宾
语,另外
halt
和
pause
后接的不定式都是
状语,其后不可
接动名词,因为它们是不及
物动词。如
a
.
She halted to
speak to
him
.她停
下来(以便)和他说话。
b
.
He paused to
have a rest
.他停下
来(以便)休息一下。
b
)人作主语时,
want
和
need
后面常接
主动的不定式,
很少用动名词。
物作主语时,<
/p>
其后既可接动名词,也可接不定式。
c
)
在动词
need
,
want
,
require
p>
,
deserve
,
bear
,
stand
等之后,常用
动名词的主动形
式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动结
构。<
/p>
a
.
His
coat needs cleaning/to be
cleaned
.
b
.
His house wants
painiting/to be
painted
.
c
.
The old woman
requires looking
after/to be looked
after
.
d
)在形容词
afraid
,
cer
tain
,
sure
,
sorry
等之后,
既可接动名词也可接不定式,
p>
两者含义不相同。
a
.
We are never
afraid to do such
things
.
我们从不怕做这样的事情。
b
.
We are afraid
of being
late
.我们
担心(恐怕)迟到。
c
.
We
are
certain
to
be
victorious
.我
p>
们一定会胜利。
4
.动词
+
双宾语
< br>(
1
)有些动词接双宾语,其间接宾语多
数都可换为由介词
to
引起的短语,意思上
没有什么差别,常见的有:
allow
,
accord
,
award
,
assign
,
bring
p>
,
deny
,
en
sure
,
forbid
,
give
,
grant
,
hand
,
lend
< br>,
leave
,
offer
p>
,
owe
,
pro
mise
,
pass
,
provide
,
quote
,
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