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动词惯用法

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-01 13:06
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2021年2月1日发(作者:salsa)


动词惯用法



使用动词时,

要遵循它们特定的句型,



能随心所欲,

< br>我们这里仅讨论测试中最常见


的几种句型。


< p>
1


.动词


+


不定式



误:


He managed getting that book




正:


to get


有些动词只能用动 词不定式作宾语,


而不


能用动名词,常见的这类词有:


afford



agree


arrange



ask



attempt



appear



apply



beg



bother



challenge



choose



claim



command



care



deign



dare



decide



decline< /p>



demand



desire



determine



expect



essay



endeavour



fail



guaran-tee



get


(对?逐渐)



hope



help



hesitate



incline



intend



kn ow



long


(渴望),

< p>
learn



mean



manage



offer

< p>


plan



prete nd



promise



prepare



pledge


proceed



profes s


(声称),


presume


(竟


敢)



refuse



resolve



seek



swear



st rive



scheme


< p>
seem



threaten


trouble



tend



undertake


< br>volunteer



venture

< br>,


vow



want

< p>


wish


等。



a



He volunteered to get some


information




b



Allen


applied


to


be


transferred


to


another department




know< /p>


后的不定式必须是带连接副词或连


接代词的,如

< br> how to



what to



who to



但不能接


why to




a



He knows how to drive a bus




b



I don't know why we should do it




2


.动词


+


动名词

< p>


误:


I advise to wait till 9




正:


waiting


英语中有些动词 或动词词组只能用动名


词作宾语,而不能用不定式,常见的有:


admit



advise



acknowledge



advocate< /p>



anticipate



avoid



adore



appreciate



bar



cannot


help



can't


resist


(禁不住)



can't stand



complete

< br>,


confirm



consi der



contemplate


,< /p>


confess



defer

< p>


delay



deny



detect


detest



discourage


discontinue



di slike



doubt


< p>
enjoy



envisage

< br>,


escape



evade< /p>



excuse



facilite



fancy


,< /p>


favour



feel like



finish



forbid



forgive



give


up



grudge



hinder



hold off



involve



imagine



i ncur



keep



on


),


leave off



loathe



look like



mind



miss



mention



necessitate



prohibit< /p>



put off


postpone



practise


permit



prevent



quit



pardon



recall



recollect



remain



report



re quire



resent



recommand



resist

< p>


resume



ris k



relish


< br>shirk



stop



suggest



shun

< br>,


save



urge



visualise


等。


a



Who suggest doing it this way




b



The


old


worker


has


left


off


working




c



Nor


do


we


doubt


being


able


to


finish


the work on time




3


.动词


+


不定式


/

< br>动名词



英语中有些动词既可接不定式,


也可接动


名词。




1


)两种结构意义差别不大。



a



He declined to go there




b



He declined going there




有些动词 在接动名词或不定式时,


意义差


别不是很大,常见的这类动词有 :


begin



bear



cease



conti nue



commence



decline



delay

< br>,


dread



deserve



endure


hate



intend



loathe



like


love



neglect



omit



pr opose



prefer



purpose



start

< br>,


scorn


等。



a



Don't neglect to lock/locking the


door



when you leave




b



He omitted to read/reading the


second page




①如果

< br>start



begin



commence



cease

< p>
等表示有意识地开始或停止的事情,


多接动


名词, 否则多接不定式。



②如果


like< /p>



love



h ate



loathe


表示

< p>
一般倾向,后面多接动名词。如果指某一具


体行为,则其后接不定式更多一 些。如果


love



like


前有


would



sh ould



则其后


只可接不定式。



误:


I'd like hearing others'views




正:


to hear


③要注意


prefer


后接动名词和不定式时


的搭配。



a



They


prefer


walking


to


taking


a


bus




b



They


prefer


to


walk


rather


than


take


a bus





d


ecline



delay



dread


后接 动名词更


常见一些。另外,


bear


意 为“合适”时,其


后只可接动名词。



误:


His language won't bear to be


repeated




正:


bear repeating



2


)两种结构意义不一样。



英语中有些动词可接动名词,


也可接不定


式, 但两种结构的意义不一样。常用的这类


动词有:


mean



try



regr et



stop


forget



remem-ber



need



wait


等等。




mean


a



I have meant to leave on Monday




我打算周一离开。



b



Missing


the


train


means


waiting


an


hour




赶不上那辆火车就意味着要等一小时。



mean to do sth


.意为“打算做??”;


mean doing sth


.意为“意味着”。




try


a



You


must


try


to


improve


your


work




你应努力改进工作。



b



Why


not


try


doing


the


experiment


in


some other way




为什么不试用别的方法做这实验?



try


to


do


sth



意为


“设法做、


努力做”



try doing sth


.意为“试着?”。




regret


a



I regret to say that we can't stay


here any longer




很抱歉我们不能再在这儿呆了。



b



I


regret


making/having


made


such


a


mistake




我后悔犯了这样一个粗心的错误。



regret to do sth


.意为“对?感到抱歉


(事情没有发生)



regret


do-ing


sth



为“对?感到后悔(事情已经发生)”。




stop


a



When


I


arrived



he


stopped


to


talk


with me



< br>当我到达时,他停下(手中的活)和我说


话。



b



Stop


talking



it's


time


for


class




说话,该上课了。



stop to do sth


.意为“停下来(指别的< /p>


事),开始做某事”;


stop


doing


sth


.意


为“停止做某事。




forget


a



Don't


forget


to


bring


your


notebook


next time




下次别忘了带笔记本。



b



I


will


never


forget


finding


the


rare


old coin in my garden




我永远也不会忘记我 曾在花园发现过一


枚希罕的古钱币。



forget


to


do


sth



意为


“忘记做 某事


(事


情还没有发生)”;


I


forget


doing


sth< /p>


.意


为“忘记做某事这一情况(指做的事已发

生)”。




remember


a



Please


remember


to


post


my


leter


< br>请


记住给我发信。



b



I remember seeing/having seen him


somewhere




我记得曾经看见过他。



remember to do sth


.意为“记得做某事< /p>


(事情还没有发生)”;


re-member


doing


sth



意为


“记得做过某事


(事情已经发生)






need


a



I need to get away and rest up a


little




我需要离开这儿,好好休息一下。



b



The floor needs mopping/to be


mopped


.地板需要擦。



need to do sth


.意为“必须做某事”;



need doing sth


.意为“需要”。




want


a



I don't want to go there


.我不想


去那里。



b



Your English wants brushing up/to


be brushed up




你的英语需要复习一下。



want


to


do


sth

< br>.


意为


“想做什么”



want


doing sth


.意为“需要做什么”。




go on doing



go on to do


a



How long do you intend to go on


paying those blooky records




b



He


welcomd


the


new


stdents


and


then


went on to explain the col-lege


regulations




c



For half an hour I went on reading


Lesson Six




d



At


half


past


three


I


went


on


to


read


Lesson Six




go on to do sth


.表示“做完了某事,


继续做另一件事”;


go on doing sth


.意



“某事还没有做完,


继续做该事”


< p>
go


on


to read Lesson Ten


即表示已续读完了第


九节课(或别的动作),进而读第 十课;而



go on


reading Lesson


Ten


即表示第十课还


没有读完,要继续读。一般


go on to do


sth



结构经常指一个时刻的 动作,



go


on


doing


sth


.结构常指一段时间的动作。


go


on with sth


.短语,既可指一时刻的动作,


也可指一段时间内的动作。



a



After


a


little


pause



he


went


on


with


his speech




b



He


went


on


with


his


speech


for


half


an hour





begin



start



cease




a



After he had collected the


material



he began writing




b



After


a


week



he


began


to


enjoy


his


study




c



The buses ceased runing




d



He ceased to breathe




在动词

< p>
begin



start



cease


之后,用动


名词表示有意 识的动作,


用不定式则表示无


意识的无法控制的动作。


上述三个动词如果



understand



realize


等动词作宾语时,


不能用动名词形式,只能用不定式。我们只


能说:

He began to realize he had made a


mistake



< br>(11)hear



see


,< /p>


feel


等感官动词



a



I saw him working in the garden


yesterday




我看见他昨天在花园里干活。



b



I saw him to work in the garden


yesterday




我见他昨天在花园里干过活



在感官动 词


see



hear

< br>,


feel



watch



notice


等之后,

既可用动名词作宾语,


也可


用不定式作宾语,


用动名词作宾语时我们的


注意力是集中到动作进行的过程之中的,

< p>


调过程,


而用不定式则把我们的注意力集中


到动作完成的事实。



a



We heard the girl singing in the


hall




b



We heard the girl to sing in the


garden



a



stop


后接不定式作目的状 语,不是宾


语,另外


halt



pause


后接的不定式都是


状语,其后不可 接动名词,因为它们是不及


物动词。如



a



She halted to speak to him


.她停


下来(以便)和他说话。



b



He paused to have a rest


.他停下


来(以便)休息一下。



b


)人作主语时,


want



need


后面常接


主动的不定式,


很少用动名词。


物作主语时,< /p>


其后既可接动名词,也可接不定式。



c



在动词


need


want



require



deserve



bear



stand


等之后,常用 动名词的主动形


式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动结


构。< /p>



a



His coat needs cleaning/to be


cleaned




b



His house wants painiting/to be


painted




c



The old woman requires looking


after/to be looked after




d

)在形容词


afraid



cer tain



sure



sorry


等之后,


既可接动名词也可接不定式,


两者含义不相同。



a



We are never afraid to do such


things




我们从不怕做这样的事情。



b



We are afraid of being late


.我们


担心(恐怕)迟到。



c



We


are


certain


to


be


victorious


.我


们一定会胜利。



4


.动词


+


双宾语


< br>(


1


)有些动词接双宾语,其间接宾语多


数都可换为由介词


to


引起的短语,意思上

< p>
没有什么差别,常见的有:


allow



accord



award


assign



bring



deny



en sure



forbid


< p>
give



grant



hand



lend

< br>,


leave



offer



owe



pro mise



pass



provide



quote


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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