对比翻译第三章

什么是翻译批评？《中国翻译词典》

（

184< /p>

页，

“翻译与批评”词条，

1997

年，湖北教育出版社）给了如下定义：

“翻译批评即参照一定的标准 ，对翻译过

程及其译作质量与价值进行全面的评价。

”

等值论要求着重从思想形象内容的等值转换 着眼，

从言语形式的等值转换

着手，

达 到内容等值与形式等值的统一。

在文学翻译中，

则要求神似与形 似的统

一，

要求作品艺术价值的等值与作品言语价值等值的统一 。

要求从神似着眼，

从

形式入手，

在最大限度保存原文语言的言语特征的条件下，

达到

“神似与形似浑

然一体”

的境界。

神似离不开形似，

整个篇章的艺术价值的等值离不开作品言语

价值的等值；

同样，

形似也离不开神似，

作品言语价值的等值也需服从篇章的艺

术等值的要求。

等值 论是内容形式的统一论，

要求在内容与形式的统一中，

在神

似与形似的统一中，达到译作的等值转换。

It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar

set foot in southern Britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of

the room in which I write, was in what is called

may be, by raising a few sepulchral mounds, such as those which still, here

and there, break the flowing contours of the downs, man's hands had made no

mark

upon

it;

and

the

thin

veil

of

vegetation

which

overspread

the

broad-backed heights and the shelving sides of the coombs was unaffected by

his industry. The native grasses and weeds, the scattered patches of gorse,

contended with one another for the possession of the scanty surface soil; they

fought

against

the

droughts

of

summer,

the

frosts

of

winter,

and

the

furious

gales which swept, with unbroken force, now from the Atlantic, and now from

the North Sea, at all times of the year; they filled up, as they

best might, the

gaps made in their ranks by all sorts of underground and overground animal

ravagers. One year with another, an average population, the floating balance

of

the

unceasing

struggle

for

existence

among

the

indigenous

plants,

maintained itself. It is as little to be doubted, that an essentially similar state of

nature prevailed, in this region, for many thousand years before the coming of

Caesar; and there is no assignable reason for denying that it might continue to

exist through an equally prolonged futurity, except for the intervention of man.

赫胥黎 独处一室之中

,

在英伦之南

,