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虚拟语气
定义:
虚拟
语气指不可能实现的愿望或与事实相反的情况,
而不表示客观存在的事实。
大致
可分为以下几种情况:
一、虚拟条件句(
Unreal
conditions
)
(
一
)
含有
if
条件句的主从句的虚拟语气
与事实相反
表示现在情况
表示过去情况
表示将来情况
条件从句的谓语形式
过去式
(did)
(be
常用
were)
过去完成式
(had +done)
①过去式
(did)
②
should + do
③
were to do
主句的谓语形式
Would /
could / might / should
+
动词原形
(do)
Would / could / might / should
+ have done
Would / could /
might / should
+
动词原形
(do)
总结:
1. If
< br>条件句中谓语动词的虚拟结构是在原来陈述语气所用时态的基础上倒退一个时态
(
对将来虚拟的
were to do/should
do
例外)
2.
< br>主句要借助于情态动词的过去式,
后跟动词原形
(现在或
将来)
或
have done(
过
p>
去
)
;
if
条件句中只出现一个情态动词,即对将来虚拟的
should.
p>
3.
做此类题目时一定要分清是从句还是主句谓语动词的虚拟,还要
把握好时态。
注意:
1.
在虚拟条件从句中,动词“<
/p>
be
”的过去时态一律用
”
were
”
,不用
was<
/p>
。
2.
在虚拟条件状语中如果有
were, should, had
这三个词中任何一个,可省略
if
,把
这三个
词提到主语提之前
,
变成:
were/should/had +
< br>主语
+
剩余成分。
3.
在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略
形式。如我们可
说
Were I not to do.,
而不能说
Weren?t I to
do
。
4.
在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中,
只能用
should
,
而不能用
would
,
could
和
might
等。
5.
主句中的
should
通常用于第一人
称,
would
,
could
以及
might
可以用于各种人称
(二)混合虚拟条件句
当假设条件句的主句和从句不表达同一时间的时候,
我们应使用混合时间的假设条件句,
动
词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间做相应的调整,变法
同
if
条件虚拟句的主从
句谓语动词变
法。
(三)含蓄条件句
在含蓄条件句中,我们常使用
otherwise
,
or,
but
以及
with
,
without
,
but
for
开始的介
词短语来代替条件句。
注:
1. but for =1)If it
weren
’
t fo
r(
对一般现在时虚拟
)
2)If it hadn
’
t
been for(
对一般过去时虚拟
)
2.
分句(直陈)
+otherwise/or+
分句→对主句谓语动词的虚拟
3.
分句(对主句谓语动词虚拟)
+but/unfortunately+<
/p>
分句(直陈)
/without/but for+
宾语
+
句子(对主句谓语动词虚拟)
填空:
1.
如
果
现
在
不
下
雨
的
话
p>
,
我
们
就
出
去
野
餐
了
。
If it_____ not raining, we ________ for
a picnic.
2.
如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。
If he _____ here, he
________ able to help you.
3.
如果我是你的话
,
我就会带走他们。
If I ____ you,
I__________ them away.
4. <
/p>
要
是
当
初
她
被
邀
请
的
话
,
她
就
会
参
加
< br>这
次
聚
会
了
。
She
______________ to the party if she ______________.
5.
今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。
If she ___________ me, I
__________________ this morning.
6.
如果你上个学期用功些
,
你就会在考试中过关了。
If you __________ harder last term, you
_______________ exam.
7.
如果你成功,一切就好了。
If
you
_________,
everything
would
be
all
right.
If
you
_____________,
everything
would
be
all
right.
If you _____________,
everything would be all right.
8.
明年我要是二十岁,我就会学计算机课程。
If I _________ twenty years
old next year, I __________ the course of computer
science.
9.
如
果
你
昨
天
问
他
,
你
现
在
就
知
道
怎
么
办
。
If
you _________ him yesterday, you __________ what
to do now.
10.
如果昨晚下雨,今天会很冷。
If
it _________ last night, it _________ very cold
today.
11.
如果我是你
,
我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。
If I ____ you, I
___________________ the film last
night
.
12.
我很忙,否则我可帮助你。
I am busy now, otherwise I ________ you
the favor
13.
要不是你的劝告
,
我是不会做这份工作的。
But for your advice, I ____________
able to do this work
.
14.
要不是你,我不会认识他
Without you, I ________________ him.
二、特殊语气词
should
(一)
常见动词:
< br>一个坚持,
两个命令,
三个建议,
四个要求。
即
2. order, command
3. advise,
suggest, propose4. demand , require, request,
desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用
虚拟语气用法。
即从句中的动词
使用
should
+
动词原形,或者将
should
省
略。
注:
当
insist
表示
“
坚持认为
”
、
suggest
表
示
“
表明
,
暗
示
”
时
,
其
后的从句中不用虚拟语气,而
用陈述语气。
< br>(二)
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,
表语从句和同位语从句也要使
用虚拟语气,即(
shoul
d
)
+do
。这些词有:
order, advice,
suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire
(三)
1.
在
It is
necessary / natural / strange /
important + that…
结构中的主语从句的谓语动
词要用
should
加动词原形,
should
可省略。
2. It is of importance/necessity
+that-(should)+
动词原形
(四)
在
It is
a pity/a
shame/
no wonder +
that…
结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用
should
加
动词原形
,
should
可省略。
(五)
在由
for fear
that/ in case/ lest
等引导的状语从句中
,
用
“
(
should
)
+
动词原形
”
表示
“
惟恐
”
的意思
.
填空:
1. I
suggested that it __________ quicker to travel by
train.
(be)
2.
He insisted that we __________ him the news.
(tell)
3. He
ordered that the students ____________ the clothes
every week by
themselves.
(wash)
4. She
recommended that we ____________ giving offense.
(avoid)
5. He
insisted that all of us _________ there on time by
any means.
(be)
6. The teacher suggested that we
____________ the blackboard after class.
(clean)
7. I
demand that John __________ there at once.
(go)
8. We are
all for your proposal that the discussion
__________ put off
.
(be)
9. I suggest that we ___________ a
meeting next week .(hold)
10. Your pale
face suggests that you
___
ill.(be)
11. He insisted that he
__________ sent there.(be)
12. He
insisted that he ___ honest. (be)
13.
Her insisted that he ____________ anything.(steel)
14. It is necessary that we
_____________
a walk now.
(have)
was necessary that we
____________ everything ready ahead of time.
(make)
16. It is required that nobody
here. (smoke)
17. It's a
pity that you ____________ to go so soon. (have)
handled the instrument with care for
fear that it __________ damaged
(be)
三、在原有陈述语气所用时态的基础上倒退一个时态的情况
<
/p>
(
that
)<
/p>
现在:
did
(
were
)
only
现在:
did
(
were
)
“要是
p>
…
就好了”
过去:
had done
过去:
had don
未来:
could/would do
未来:
would do
3. would(had) rather that
现在:
did
if
现在:
did
(
were
)
“如果
…
又怎么样
过去:
had done
过去:
had done
呢
”
未来:
did
未来:
would do
5. even if /though
现在:
d
id
(
were
)
if /though
现在
/
和谓语同时发生:
did
(
were
)
过去:
had done
过去:
had done
未来:
would do
未来:
would do
?s (about/high) time +that
did
should do
(
Should
不可省)
填空:
1.
He
pretends
as
if
he
__________
the
thing
at
all,
but
in
fact
he
knows
it
very
well.
他假装好象完全不懂那事
,
其实他对那事非常了解。
2.
The old man looked at the picture, he felt as
though he ________ back to time 20 years ago.
那老人看着照片
,
他觉得仿佛回到
20
年前的时光。
3. They talked and talked as if they
_______________ again.
他们谈了又谈
,
仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
4.
我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。
If only I
_________ mother?s advice.
5.
我要是能讲几种外语就好了。
If only I __________
several foreign languages.
6.
要是母亲给我许多金钱就好了。
If
only my mother ___________ me a lot of money.
7.
要是他明天不来怎么办?
What if he _____________ to my help
tomorrow?
8.
要是他们成功做了这实验怎么办?
What if they ________ the experiment
successfully?
9.
要是我现在不知道答案怎么办?
What if I ___________ the answer now?
10.I wish I ____ as tall as
you.
我希望和你一样高。
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