-
学术词汇表
Academic Word
List (AWL)
语料取自
1
993
至
1996
年的人文、
商业、
法律及科学四领域的大学书写学术英文资料,
每一
个领域皆有
7
门学科
(
如科学包括生物、化学、电脑科学、地理、地质学、数学、物理;商<
/p>
业则有会计、经济、行销、金融、工业关系、管理、公共政策
)<
/p>
,共计三百五十万多字。
利用
Heatley & Nation
(1996)
发展出来的语料分析程式
Range
来计算与分类。
若某个字群在
AWL
语料库出现
100
次以上<
/p>
(
平均每一领域出现至少
25
次
)
,
这个字就被
收入在最常见的学术字汇里,并依其出现频率,分为
10
个
sublist
。
Headwords
abandon
abstract
academy
access
accommodate
accompany
accumulate
accurate
achieve
acknowledge
acquire
adapt
adequate
adjacent
adjust
administrate
adult
advocate
affect
aggregate
aid
Other words
in the family.
abandoned, abandoning,
abandonment, abandons
abstraction,
abstractions, abstractly, abstracts
academia,
academic
, academically,
academics, academies
accessed,
accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing,
inaccessible
accommodated,
accommodates, accommodating
,
accommodation
accompanied
, accompanies,
accompaniment, accompanying, unaccompanied
accumulated, accumulating,
accumulation,
accumulates
accuracy, accurately, inaccuracy,
inaccuracies, inaccurate
achievable,
achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves,
achieving
acknowledged,
acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgement,
acknowledgements
acquired,
acquires, acquiring,
acquisition
, acquisitions
adaptability, adaptable,
adaptation,
adaptations,
adapted, adapting, adaptive,
adapts
adequacy, adequately, inadequacies,
inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately
毗邻的,邻近的
adjusted,
adjusting,
adjustment,
adjustments, adjusts, readjust, readjusted,
readjusting, readjustment,
readjustments, readjusts
administrates,
administration,
administrations, administrative, administratively,
administrator, administrators
adulthood,
adults
advocacy, advocated, advocates,
advocating
拥护,提倡:拥护者
affected, affecting, affective,
affectively, affects, unaffected
aggregated, aggregates, aggregating,
aggregation
集合,使聚集;总计
aided,
aiding, aids, unaided
albeit
allocate
alter
alternative
ambiguous
amend
analogy
analyse
annual
anticipate
apparent
append
appreciate
approach
appropriate
approximate
arbitrary
area
aspect
assemble
assess
assign
assist
assume
assure
虽然,尽管
allocated, allocates, allocating,
allocation,
allocations
分配,分派
alterable,
alteration, alterations, altered, altering,
alternate, alternating, alters,
unalterable, unaltered
alternatively, alternatives
ambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous,
unambiguously
含糊的:难以理解的
amended, amending,
amendment,
amendments, amend
s
修正,修改(法律或文
件)
analogies,
analogous
类比,类推,比拟
analysed, analyser, analysers,
analyses, analysing,
analysis
, analyst, analysts,
analytic, analytical, analytically
annually
anticipated,
anticipates,
anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated
apparently
appendix
, appended, appends,
appending, appendices, appendixes
附加,增补
(文字)
appreciable, appreciably, appreciated,
appreciates, appreciating,
appreciation,
unappreciated
approachable,
approached, approaches, approaching,
unapproachable
appropriacy,
appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy,
inappropriate,
inappropriately
approximated
, approximately,
approximates, approximating, approximation,
approximations
arbitrariness, arbitrarily
专横的,武断的
;
任意的
areas
aspects
assembled, assembles, assemblies,
assembling,
assembly
assessable, assessed, assesses,
assessing,
assessment
,
assessments, reassess,
reassessed,
reassessing, reassessment, unassessed
assigned,
assigning,
assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign,
reassigned,
reassigning, reassigns,
unassigned
assistance,
assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting,
assists, unassisted
assumed, assumes,
assuming, assumption, assumptions
assurance
, assurances,
assured, assuredly, assures, assuring
attach
attain
attitude
attribute
author
authority
automate
available
aware
behalf
benefit
bias
bond
brief
bulk
capable
capacity
category
cease
challenge
channel
chapter
chart
chemical
circumstance
cite
civil
clarify
classic
clause
attached,
attaches,
attaching, attachment, attachments, unattached
attainable,
attained
, attaining,
attainment, attainments, attains,
unattainable
达
到,获得
attitudes
attributable,
attributed,
attributes,
attributing, attribution
归因于
authored,
authoring, authors, authorship
authoritative, authorities
automatic, automated, automates,
automating,
automatically
,
automation
availability, unavailable
awareness, unaware
beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries,
benefited, benefiting, benefits
biased,
biases, biasing, unbiased
偏见,偏心,偏袒
bonded,
bonding, bonds
brevity, briefed,
briefing, briefly, briefs
Bulky
体积;大块头
capabilities, capability, incapable
capacities, incapacitate, incapacitated
categories
, categorisation,
categorise, categorised, categorises,
categorising,
categorizing
ceased, ceaseless,
ceases
, ceasing
停止
challenged,
challenger, challengers, challenges, challenging
channelled, channelling, channels
chapters
charted, charting,
charts, uncharted
chemically, chemicals
circumstances
citation, citations,
cited,
citing, cites
引证
clarification, clarified, clarifies,
clarifying,
clarity
classical,
classics
clauses
code
coherent
coincide
collapse
colleague
commence
comment
commission
commit
commodity
communicate
community
compatible
compensate
compile
complement
complex
component
compound
comprehensive
comprise
compute
conceive
concentrate
concept
coded,
codes, coding
coherence
,
coherently, incoherent, incoherently
有条理的
coincided,
coincides, coinciding, coincidence, coincidences,
coincident,
coincidental
collapsed, collapses, collapsible,
collapsing
colleagues
commenced
, commences,
commencement, commencing, recommences,
recommenced, recommencing
开始
commentaries,
commentary, commentator, commentators, commented,
commenting,
comments
commissioned, commissioner,
commissioners, commissioning, commissions
commitment,
commitments,
commits, committed, committing
Commodities
商品
communicable, communicated,
communicates, communicating,
communication
,
communications, communicative,
communicatively, uncommunicative
communities
compatibility,
incompatibility,
incompatible
协调的,相容的
compensated, compensates, compensating,
compensation
, compensations,
compensatory
compilation,
compilations,
compiled
,
compiles, compiling
complementary,
complemented, complementing, complements
补足物:全数,
全额
complexities, complexity
componentry,
components
compounded, compounding,
compounds
使复合:化合物
comprehensively
comprised,
comprises, comprising
包含,由…组成
computation, computational,
computations, computable,
computer
, computed,
computerised, computers,
computing
计算,估计
conceivable, conceivably,
conceived
, conceives,
conceiving, inconceivable,
inconceivably
构想出;怀胎
concentrated, concentrates,
concentrating,
concentration
conception, concepts, conceptual,
conceptualisation, conceptualise,
conceptualised, conceptualises,
conceptualising, conceptually
conclude
concurrent
conduct
confer
confine
confirm
conflict
concluded, concludes, concluding,
conclusion
, conclusions,
conclusive,
conclusively, inconclusive,
inconclusively
Concurrently
并存的;意见一致的
conducted, conducting, conducts
conference,
conferences,
conferred, conferring, confers
商议
confined
, confines,
confining, unconfined
限制
confirmation,
confirmed,
confirming,
confirms
conflicted, conflicting,
conflicts
conformable, conformability,
conformance, conformation, conformed,
conforming, conformist, conformists,
conformity
, conforms,
nonconformist,
nonconformists,
nonconformity, non-conformist, non-conformists,
non-conformity
consensus,
consented, consenting,
consents
同意,赞成
consequence,
consequences
, consequently
considerably
consisted,
consistency,
consistent
,
consistently, consisting, consists,
inconsistencies, inconsistency,
inconsistent
constancy, constantly,
constants, inconstancy, inconstantly
constituencies, constituency,
constituent, constituents, constituted,
constitutes,
constituting,
constitution, constitutions,
constitutional
,
constitutionally,
constitutive,
unconstitutional
组成
;
任命
constrained, constraining, constrains,
constraint,
constraints
, unc
onstrained
强
迫;约束
constructed, constructing,
construction
, constructions,
constructive, constructs,
reconstruct,
reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction,
reconstructs
consultancy, consultant,
consultants,
consultation,
consultations, consultative,
consulted,
consults, consulting
consumed,
consumer,
consumers,
consumes, consuming, consumption
contactable, contacted, contacting,
contacts
contemporaries
contexts, contextual, contextualise,
contextualised, contextualising,
uncontextualised
contracted,
contracting, contractor, contractors, contracts
contradicted, contradicting,
contradiction
,
contradictions, contradictory,
contradicts
反驳;与
…
矛盾
conform
consent
consequent
considerable
consist
constant
constitute
constrain
construct
consult
consume
contact
contemporary
context
contract
contradict
contrary
contrast
contribute
controversy
convene
converse
convert
convince
cooperate
contrarily
contrasted, contrasting, contrastive,
contrasts
contributed, contributes,
contributing,
contribution
,
contributions, contributor,
contributors
controversies,
controversial, controversially, uncontroversial
convention
, convenes,
convened, convening, conventional, conventionally,
conventions,
unconventional
召集,聚集
conversely
conversion, conversions,
converted,
convertible,
converting, converts
convinced
, convinces,
convincing, convincingly, unconvinced
cooperated, cooperates, cooperating,
cooperation,
cooperative,
cooperatively,
co-operate, co-operated,
co-operates, co-operation, co-operative, co-
operatively
coordinated, coordinates,
coordinating,
coordination
,
coordinator, coordinators,
co-ordinate,
co-ordinated, co-ordinates, co-ordinating, co-
ordination,
co-ordinator, co-
ordinators
协调;坐标
cores, coring, cored
corporates, corporation, corporations
corresponded, correspondence,
corresponding
,
correspondingly, corresponds
通
信;相符合,成一致
coupled, coupling, couples
created, creates, creating, creation,
creations, creative, creatively, creativity,
creator, creators, recreate, recreated,
recreates, recreating
credited,
crediting, creditor, creditors, credits
Criterion
的复数
标准,准则
crucially
cultural,
culturally,
cultured, cultures, uncultured
currencies
cycled, cycles,
cyclic, cyclical, cycling
debatable, debated, debates, debating
decades
declined,
declines, declining
deduced, deduces,
deducing,
deduction
,
deductions
推论,推断
definable, defined, defines, defining,
definition
, definitions,
redefine, redefined,
coordinate
core
corporate
correspond
couple
create
credit
criteria
crucial
culture
currency
cycle
data
debate
decade
decline
deduce
define
redefines,
redefining, undefined
definite
demonstrate
denote
deny
depress
derive
design
despite
detect
deviate
device
devote
differentiate
dimension
diminish
discrete
discriminate
displace
display
dispose
distinct
distort
distribute
definitely, definitive, indefinite,
indefinitely
demonstrable,
demonstrably, demonstrated, demonstrates,
demonstrating,
demonstration,
demonstrations, demonstrative, demonstratively,
demonstrator,
demonstrators
证明,证实;示范;游行,示威
denotation, denotations, denoted,
denotes, denoting
表示,意味着
deniable,
denial, denials, denied, denies, denying,
undeniable
depressed, depresses,
depressing,
depression
derivation, derivations, derivative,
derivatives,
derived
,
derives, deriving
得到,
导出;推论,追究
designed, designer,
designers, designing, designs
detectable,
detected
, detecting,
detection, detective, detectives, detector,
detectors, detects
deviated,
deviates, deviating,
deviation
, deviations
devices
devoted
,
devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions
differentiated, differentiates,
differentiating,
differentiation
dimensional,
dimensions,
multidimensional
尺寸
diminished
, diminishes,
diminishing, diminution,
undiminished
减小,缩小
discretely,
discretion,
discretionary,
indiscrete,
indiscretion
分离的;不连续的
discriminated, discriminates,
discriminating,
discrimination
displaced,
displacement
, displaces,
displacing
displayed, displaying,
displays
disposable,
disposal,
disposed,
disposes,
disposing
布置;处理;使倾向于
distinction
, distinctions,
distinctive, distinctively, distinctly,
indistinct,
indistinctly
distorted
,
distorting
,
distortion,
distortions, distorts
歪扭
distributed, distributing,
distribution,
distributional, distributions, distributive,
distributor, distributors,
redistribute, redistributed, redistributes,
redistributing,
redistribution
diversely, diversification,
diversified, diversifies, diversify, diversifying,
diversity
documentation, documented, documenting,
documents
diverse
document
domain
domestic
dominate
draft
drama
duration
dynamic
economy
edit
element
eliminate
emerge
emphasis
empirical
enable
encounter
energy
enforce
enhance
enormous
ensure
entity
environment
equate
equip
equivalent
erode
error
establish
Domains
领土,领地
domestically, domesticate,
domesticated, domesticating, domestics
dominance,
dominant
, dominated,
dominates, dominating, domination
drafted, drafting, drafts, redraft,
redrafted, redrafting,
redrafts
篮球选秀;草图
dramas,
dramatic
,
dramatically, dramatise, dramatised, dramatising,
dramatises,
dramatisation,
dramatisations, dramatist, dramatists,
dramatization,
dramatizations,
dramatizing
dynamically,
dynamics
动力的;有生气的
economic
, economical,
economically, economics, economies, economist,
economists, uneconomical
edited, editing,
edition,
editions, editor,
editorial, editorials, editors, edits
elements
eliminated, eliminates, eliminating,
elimination
emerged,
emergence, emergent, emerges, emerging
emphasise, emphasised, emphasising,
emphatic, emphatically
empirically,
empiricism
经验主义的
enabled, enables, enabling
encountered,
encountering,
encounters
energetic, energetically,
energies
enforced,
enforcement,
enforces,
enforcing
enhanced,
enhancement, enhances, enhancing
enormity, enormously
ensured, ensures, ensuring
entities
实体;本质
environmental, environmentalist,
environmentalists, environmentally,
environments
equated,
equates, equating,
equation
,
equations
equipment,
equipped, equipping, equips
Equivalence
相当的;等价的
eroded,
erodes, eroding,
erosion
侵蚀,腐蚀
erroneous,
erroneously, errors
disestablish,
disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing,
disestablishment,
established
, establishes,
establishing, establishment, establishments
estate
estimate
ethic
ethnic
evaluate
eventual
evident
evolve
exceed
exclude
exhibit
expand
expert
explicit
exploit
export
expose
external
extract
facilitate
factor
feature
federal
fee
file
final
finance
Estates
财产,地产
estimated, estimates, estimating,
estimation, estimations, over-estimate,
overestimate, overestimated,
overestimates, overestimating, underestimate,
underestimated, underestimates,
underestimating
ethical
,
ethically, ethics,
unethical
伦理
ethnicity
evaluated,
evaluates, evaluating,
evaluation,
evaluations,
evaluative, re-evaluate,
re-evaluated,
re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluation
eventuality,
eventually
evidenced,
evidence
, evidential,
evidently
evolution
,
evolved, evolving, evolves, evolutionary,
evolutionist, evolutionists
exceeded,
exceeding, exceeds
excluded
,
excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusionary,
exclusionist, exclusions,
exclusive,
exclusively
exhibited, exhibiting,
exhibition, exhibitions, exhibits
expanded, expanding, expands,
expansion,
expansionism,
expansive
expertise, expertly, experts
explicitly
exploitation,
exploited,
exploiting, exploits
exported,
exporter, exporters, exporting, exports
exposed, exposes, exposing,
exposure,
exposures
externalisation, externalise,
externalised, externalises, externalising,
externality
extracted, extracting,
extraction, extracts
facilitated,
facilitates, facilities, facilitating,
facilitation, facilitator, facilitators,
facility
使容易;助长,促进
factored, factoring,
factors
featured,
features,
featuring
federation, federations
fees
filed, files, filing
finalise, finalised, finalises,
finalising, finality, finally, finals
financed, finances,
financial
, financially,
financier, financiers, financing
finite
flexible
fluctuate
focus
format
formula
forthcoming
found
foundation
framework
function
fund
fundamental
furthermore
gender
generate
generation
globe
goal
grade
grant
guarantee
guideline
hence
hierarchy
highlight
hypothesis
identical
identify
infinite,
infinitely
有限的
flexibility,
inflexible,
inflexibility
fluctuated, fluctuates,
fluctuating, fluctuation,
fluctuations
波动
focused,
focuses, focusing, refocus, refocused, refocuses,
refocusing
formatted, formatting,
formats
formulae, formulas, formulate,
formulated, formulating, formulation,
formulations, reformulate,
reformulated, reformulating, reformulation,
reformulations
即将到来的
founded
, founder, founders,
founding, unfounded
foundations
frameworks
functional,
functionally, functioned, functioning, functions
funded, funder, funders, funding,
funds
fundamentally
genders
generated,
generates,
generating
generations
global
, globally,
globalisation, globalization
goals
graded,
grades, grading
granted
,
granting, grants
guaranteed,
guaranteeing, guarantees
guidelines
hierarchical,
hierarchies
统治集团
highlighted,
highlighting,
highlights
hypotheses, hypothesise,
hypothesised, hypothesises, hypothesising,
hypothetical, hypothetically
假说
identically
identifiable, identification,
identified
, identifies,
identifying, identities, identity,
unidentifiable
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