四级语法知识点总结

四级语法知识点总结

一：时态

：

所谓的

时态

，就是时间

+

状态。谓语动词的时态见下

表：

一般

进行

完成

过去

did

was/were doing

had done

现在

do

am/is/are doing

have/has done

将来

will/shall do

will/shall be doing

will/shall have

done

/

过去将来

should/would do

/

should/would

have done

用于虚

拟语气

/

完成进行

1

．主动形式

一般

进行

完成

had been doing

have/has been doing

过去

was/were given

was/were being

given

had been given

现在

am/is/are given

am/is/are being

given

将来

过去将来

will/shall be given

should/would be

given

/

/

should/would

have been given

have/has been given

will/shall have

been given

/

/

完成进行

/

2

．被动形式

CET-4

常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现 在

/

过去）完成进行时。

时间状语从句当中的时态：

一般过去时

所有的过去

用

一般现在时

表示

现在和将来

现在完成时

现在完成和将来完成

二：非谓语动词

1

．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1)

一般形式：

He decided to work harder in order to catch up with

the others.

被动形式

: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能：

表示与谓语动词同步发生

2)

完成形式：

He pretended

not

to have seen me.

被动形式：

The book is said to have been translated into many

languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1

）不定式做定语

----

将要发生

2

）不定式做状语

--- -

目的

3

）不定式充当名词功能

---To see is to believe.

三

)

不定式的省略

感官动词

see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to,

smell, taste, feel

+ do

表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing

表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him

work

in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

(< /p>

强调

我看见了

< /p>

这个事实

)

I saw him

working

in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调

我见他正干 活

这个动作）

感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：

The cake tastes

good

; It

feels

comfortable

.

使役动词

have bid make let

等词后不定式要省略但同

1)

一样被动以

后要还原

to

I ‘d like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn’t have to

be made to learn.

help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四

)

有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want

，

wish

，

hope

，

manage

，

promise

，

refuse

，

pretend

，

plan

，

offer

，

decide

，

agre e

，

expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do ,

permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be

able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

五

)

有的时候

to

后面要接

-ing

形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in

addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign

oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be

alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to;

be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

2.

动名词：

具有动作性特征的名词

1)

是名词

seeing is believing

2)

具有动词性特征可以带宾语

starving troops is necessary.

一

)

动名词的形式

:

一般形式：

I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：

I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：

This question is far from being settled.

二

)

动名词常考的点

1)

动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

< /p>

2)

在动名词和不定式中

,

做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)

动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词

,

通过代词的宾格或所有 格形式给出

逻辑主语

.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon

．

A

．

you to call B

．

you call C

．

you calling D

．

you're calling

（

Key

：

C your calling

也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)

有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate;

defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it

entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive;

can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention;

mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent;

recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接

-ing

形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's

not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's

no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the

use/point...