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1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations
for your reference:
备战考试，
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2010
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Abbreviations in Note
taking
Use only the abbreviations that
fit your needs and that you will remember easily.
A good idea is to introduce only a few
abbreviations into your note taking at a
time.
Symbols
helpful in math -- these are commonly used in
texts and references.
S
=
sum
f
=
frequency
Leave out periods in standard
abbreviations.
cf
=
compare
e.g.
=
example
dept
=
department
Use only the first syllable of a word.
pol
=
politics
dem
=
democracy
lib
=
liberal
cap
=
capitalism
Use entire first syllable and only 1st
letter of 2nd syllable.
pres
=
presentation
subj
=
subject
ind
=
individual
cons
=
conservative
Eliminate final letters. Use just
enough of the word to form a recognizable
abbreviation.
assoc
=
associate
biol
=
biology
info
=
information
ach
=
achievement
chem
=
chemistry
max
=
maximum
intro =
introduction
conc
=
concentration
min
=
minimum
rep
=
repetition
Omit vowels,
retain only enough consonants to give a
recognizable skeleton of
the word.
ppd
=
prepared
prblm
=
problem
estmt
=
estimate
bkgd
=
background
gvt
=
government
Use an apostrophe in place
of letters.
am't
=
amount
cont'd
=
continued
gov't
=
government
educat'l
=
educational
Form the plural
of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.
chpts
=
chapters
egs
=
examples
fs
=
frequencies
intros
=
introductions
Use g to represent ing
endings.
ckg
=
checking
estg
=
establishing
decrg
=
decreasing
exptg
=
experimenting
Spell out
short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
Abbreviations or symbols
for short words will make the notes too dense with
shorthand.
Leave out unimportant words.
Leave out the words a and the.
If a term, phrase, or
name is written out in full during the lecture,
substitute
initials whenever the term,
phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center
for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS
thereafter.
Use symbols
for commonly recurring connective or transitional
words.
&
=
and
w/
=
with
w/o
=
without
vs
=
against
=
therefore
=
=
is or equal
Use technical symbols where applicable.
zb
=
German,
for example
ibid
=
Latin, the same work
o
=
degrees
H2O
=
water
More reference:
Use standard
maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:
+ plus
// parallel
Use standard abbreviations and leave
out full stops. Examples:
eg example
IT dept Information Technology
department
UK United Kingdom
Use only the first syllable of a word.
Examples:
mar marketing
cus
customer
cli client
Use the
entire first syllable and the first letter of the
second syllable. Examples:
subj subject
budg budget
ind individual
To distinguish among various forms of
the same word, use the first syllable of
the word, an apostrophe, and the ending
of the word. Examples:
tech'gy
technology
gen'ion generalisation
del'y delivery
Use just
enough of the beginning of a word to form a
recognisable abbreviation.
Examples:
assoc associated
ach
achievement
info information
Omit vowels from the middle of words,
retaining only enough consonants to
provide a recognisable skeleton of the
word. Examples:
bkgd background
mvmt movement
prblm problem
Form the plural of a symbol or
abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:
custs customers
fs
frequencies
/s ratios
Use
'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:
decrg decreasing
ckg
checking
estblg establishing
Spell out, rather than abbreviate short
words. Examples:
in
but
as
key
Leave out
unimportant verbs. Examples:
is
was
were
Leave
out unnecessary articles. Examples:
a
an
the
If a term,
phrase, or name is initially written out in full
during the talk or meeting,
initials
can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or
name is used again.
Example:
January Advertising Campaign Budget
JACB
Use symbols for common connective
or transition words. Examples:
@ at
2 to
4 for
& and
w/ with
w/o without
vs against
Create your own
set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to
develop
separate sets of symbols and
abbreviations for different courses or subjects.
Other Symbols and Abbreviations
as a result of / consequences of <--->
resulting in --->
and / also
+
equal to / same as =
following ff
most
importantly *
less than <
greater than > especially esp/
一、
缩略词
英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如
IMP:
important, ASAP: as soon as
possible
。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：
F
拿掉所有元音
MKT: market
MGR: manager
MSG: message
STD: standard
RCV: receive
F
保留前几个字母
INFO information
INS
insurance
EXCH exchange
I
owe you IOU
In stead of I/O
F
保留开头和结尾个发音字母
WK week
RM room
PL people
F
根据发音